scholarly journals Potential of Dual and Multi Energy XRT and CT Analyses on Iron Formations

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2455
Author(s):  
Christine Bauer ◽  
Rebecca Wagner ◽  
Beate Orberger ◽  
Markus Firsching ◽  
Alexander Ennen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Imaging ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Background Material

Dual and multi energy X-ray transmission imaging (DE-/ME-XRT) are powerful tools to acquire quantitative material characteristics of diverse samples without destruction. As those X-ray imaging techniques are based on the projection onto the imaging plane, only two-dimensional data can be obtained. To acquire three-dimensional information and a complete examination on topology and spatial trends of materials, computed tomography (CT) can be used. In combination, these methods may offer a robust non-destructive testing technique for research and industrial applications. For example, the iron ore mining and processing industry requires the ratio of economic iron minerals to siliceous waste material for resource and reserve estimations, and for efficient sorting prior to beneficiation, to avoid equipment destruction due to highly abrasive quartz. While XRT provides information concerning the thickness, areal density and mass fraction of iron and the respective background material, CT may deliver size, distribution and orientation of internal structures. Our study shows that the data provided by XRT and CT is reliable and, together with data processing, can be successfully applied for distinguishing iron oxide rich parts from waste. Furthermore, heavy element bearing minerals such as baryte, uraninite, galena and monazite can be detected.

X-ray imaging and computed tomography for engineering applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Zabler ◽  
Michael Maisl ◽  
Peter Hornberger ◽  
Jochen Hiller ◽  
Christian Fella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Application Problem ◽  
Dimensional Measurements ◽  
Dimensional Object ◽  
Application Specific

AbstractAfter an incremental development which took place over four decades, X-ray imaging has become an important tool for non-destructive testing and evaluation. Computed Tomography (CT) in particular beholds the power of determining the location of flaws and inclusions (e. g. in castings and composites) in three-dimensional object coordinates. Therefore, and thanks to a speed-up of the measurement, CT is now routinely considered for in-line inspection of electronics, castings and composites. When precision and not speed is important, Micro-CT (μCT) can be employed for Dimensional Measurements (DM, e. g. quality assurance and shape verification), as well as for in situ testing, and for characterizing micro-structures in metals and composites. Using appropriate image processing and analysis μCT can determine the local fibre orientation in composites, the granular morphology of battery cathodes or the inter-connectivity of certain phases in casting alloys.Today, the large variety of X-ray instruments and methods poses an application problem which requires experience and a lot of knowledge for deciding which technique applies best to the task at hand. Application-specific guidelines exist for X-ray radiography testing (RT) only, whereas standardization has been applied to CT, unfortunately leaving out high resolution subμ CT, and nano-CT. For the latter exist an equally high number of NDT applications, however these instruments still necessitate a profound expertise. The task is to identify key industrial applications and push CT from system standardization to application specific automation.

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Brain Mapping Using Stereo Microfocal X-ray Imaging

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 2966-2976 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Cox ◽  
Alexander M. Papanastassiou ◽  
Daniel Oreper ◽  
Benjamin B. Andken ◽  
James J. DiCarlo
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Microelectrode Recording ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Median Error

Much of our knowledge of brain function has been gleaned from studies using microelectrodes to characterize the response properties of individual neurons in vivo. However, because it is difficult to accurately determine the location of a microelectrode tip within the brain, it is impossible to systematically map the fine three-dimensional spatial organization of many brain areas, especially in deep structures. Here, we present a practical method based on digital stereo microfocal X-ray imaging that makes it possible to estimate the three-dimensional position of each and every microelectrode recording site in “real time” during experimental sessions. We determined the system's ex vivo localization accuracy to be better than 50 μm, and we show how we have used this method to coregister hundreds of deep-brain microelectrode recordings in monkeys to a common frame of reference with median error of <150 μm. We further show how we can coregister those sites with magnetic resonance images (MRIs), allowing for comparison with anatomy, and laying the groundwork for more detailed electrophysiology/functional MRI comparison. Minimally, this method allows one to marry the single-cell specificity of microelectrode recording with the spatial mapping abilities of imaging techniques; furthermore, it has the potential of yielding fundamentally new kinds of high-resolution maps of brain function.

Modelling of small CFRP aerostructure parts for X-ray imaging simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Bliznakova ◽  
Zacharias Kamarianakis ◽  
Aris Dermitzakis ◽  
Zhivko Bliznakov ◽  
Ivan Buliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a realistic computational model of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) structures dedicated for in-silico investigations of the use of X-ray-based imaging techniques as non-destructive testing (NDT) of CFRP parts. Design/methodology/approach – CFRPs contain layers of carbon-fibres bundles within resin. Bundles’ orientation in the different layers is arranged with respect to each other at a well-defined primary direction. In the model, the bundle was simulated as a circular cylinder. The resulted model is a stack of layers of unidirectional bundles having orientation of 0°/90°/45°/−45°. Two CFRP structures were modelled: a flat CFRP part and a real shaped CFRP clip. A porous layer and non-carbon fibres were inserted within each model, respectively. X-ray projection images were generated with a dedicated simulation programme. Three setups were investigated: radiography, tomosynthesis and cone-beam CT (CBCT). Findings – Results showed that porosity and non-carbon fibres were visible with all X-ray-based techniques. Tomosynthesis and CBCT, however, provide higher quality image of defects. Practical implications – The CFRP computational model is a valuable tool in design, testing and optimization phase of X-ray-based imaging techniques for use in NDT of composite materials. Simulated images are generated within a short time; thus results from virtual optimization and testing are obtained very fast and at low cost. Originality/value – An innovative computational model of CFRP structures, dedicated for X-ray imaging simulations, has been developed. The model is characterized by simplicity in its creation and realistic visual appearance of the produced X-ray images.

Quantifying the Spatial Variation of Lower-Limb Soft Tissue Artefact During Functional Activity Using MR Imaging and X-Ray Fluoroscopy

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massoud Akbarshahi ◽  
Justin W. Fernandez ◽  
Anthony Schache ◽  
Richard Baker ◽  
Scott Banks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Tissue Interface ◽  
Soft Tissue Artifact

Non-rigid movement of the soft tissue interface between skin-mounted markers and the underlying bones, also known as soft tissue artifact (STA), poses a major limitation to the non-invasive estimation of joint kinematics using three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis systems. Thorough knowledge of the nature of this non-rigid behavior is essential for development of compensation algorithms to enhance the accuracy of these systems. The studies in the literature aimed at quantifying STA have implemented invasive measurement methods such as bone pins [1] and external fixator devices [2], or have used subjects with pathological conditions [3]. In the present study, we integrated Magnetic Resonance (MR) and X-ray imaging techniques to evaluate the non-rigid behavior of the lower-limb soft tissue of healthy adults for a number of different functional tasks.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Characterization of Polycrystalline Materials by Combination of X-ray Diffraction and X-ray Imaging Techniques

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (S2) ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
EM Lauridsen ◽  
W Ludwig ◽  
SO Poulsen ◽  
S Rolland du Roscoat ◽  
P Reischig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009

scholarly journals Principles of Different X-ray Phase-Contrast Imaging: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2971
Author(s):  
Siwei Tao ◽  
Congxiao He ◽  
Xiang Hao ◽  
Cuifang Kuang ◽  
Xu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Phase Contrast Imaging ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Made In

Numerous advances have been made in X-ray technology in recent years. X-ray imaging plays an important role in the nondestructive exploration of the internal structures of objects. However, the contrast of X-ray absorption images remains low, especially for materials with low atomic numbers, such as biological samples. X-ray phase-contrast images have an intrinsically higher contrast than absorption images. In this review, the principles, milestones, and recent progress of X-ray phase-contrast imaging methods are demonstrated. In addition, prospective applications are presented.

scholarly journals X-Ray Imaging Techniques Appraisal: Pathway to Sustainable Health Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 655 (1) ◽  
pp. 012073
Author(s):  
J. A. Achuka ◽  
M. R. Usikalu ◽  
M. A. Aweda ◽  
O. A. Olowoyeye ◽  
C. A. Enemuwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Sustainable Health

X-ray imaging with ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering as a contrast mechanism

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Levine ◽  
G. G. Long
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Contrast Mechanism ◽  
Ray Scattering

A new transmission X-ray imaging technique using ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) as a contrast mechanism is described. USAXS imaging can sometimes provide contrast in cases where radiography and phase-contrast imaging are unsuccessful. Images produced at different scattering vectors highlight different microstructural features within the same sample volume. When used in conjunction with USAXS scans, USAXS imaging provides substantial quantitative and qualitative three-dimensional information on the sizes, shapes and spatial arrangements of the scattering objects. The imaging technique is demonstrated on metal and biological samples.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document