Automated Bowel Sound Analysis: An Overview

Despite technological progress, we lack a consensus on the method of conducting automated bowel sound (BS) analysis and, consequently, BS tools have not become available to doctors. We aimed to briefly review the literature on BS recording and analysis, with an emphasis on the broad range of analytical approaches. Scientific journals and conference materials were researched with a specific set of terms (Scopus, MEDLINE, IEEE) to find reports on BS. The research articles identified were analyzed in the context of main research directions at a number of centers globally. Automated BS analysis methods were already well developed by the early 2000s. Accuracy of 90% and higher had been achieved with various analytical approaches, including wavelet transformations, multi-layer perceptrons, independent component analysis and autoregressive-moving-average models. Clinical research on BS has exposed their important potential in the non-invasive diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, in surgery, and for the investigation of gastrointestinal motility. The most recent advances are linked to the application of artificial intelligence and the development of dedicated BS devices. BS research is technologically mature, but lacks uniform methodology, an international forum for discussion and an open platform for data exchange. A common ground is needed as a starting point. The next key development will be the release of freely available benchmark datasets with labels confirmed by human experts.

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Analysis of Gastrointestinal Acoustic Activity Using Deep Neural Networks

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21227602 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (22) ◽

pp. 7602

Author(s):

Jakub Ficek ◽

Kacper Radzikowski ◽

Jan Krzysztof Nowak ◽

Osamu Yoshie ◽

Jaroslaw Walkowiak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Data Exchange ◽

High Specificity ◽

Medical Professional ◽

Point Of View ◽

Bowel Sound ◽

Night Time ◽

Open Platform ◽

Starting Point ◽

Analytical Approaches

Automated bowel sound (BS) analysis methods were already well developed by the early 2000s. Accuracy of ~90% had been achieved by several teams using various analytical approaches. Clinical research on BS had revealed their high potential in the non-invasive investigation of irritable bowel syndrome to study gastrointestinal motility and in a surgical setting. This article proposes a novel methodology for the analysis of BS using hybrid convolutional and recursive neural networks. It is one of the first methods of using deep learning to be widely explored. We have developed an experimental pipeline and evaluated our results with a new dataset collected using a device with a dedicated contact microphone. Data have been collected at night-time, which is the most interesting period from a neurogastroenterological point of view. Previous works had ignored this period and instead kept brief records only during the day. Our algorithm can detect bowel sounds with an accuracy >93%. Moreover, we have achieved a very high specificity (>97%), crucial in diagnosis. The results have been checked with a medical professional, and they successfully support clinical diagnosis. We have developed a client-server system allowing medical practitioners to upload the recordings from their patients and have them analyzed online. This system is available online. Although BS research is technologically mature, it still lacks a uniform methodology, an international forum for discussion, and an open platform for data exchange, and therefore it is not commonly used. Our server could provide a starting point for establishing a common framework in BS research.

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The European Bioinformatics Institute in 2020: building a global infrastructure of interconnected data resources for the life sciences

Nucleic Acids Research ◽

10.1093/nar/gkz1033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (D1) ◽

pp. D17-D23 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Charles E Cook ◽

Oana Stroe ◽

Guy Cochrane ◽

Ewan Birney ◽

Rolf Apweiler

Keyword(s):

Data Exchange ◽

Life Sciences ◽

Image Data ◽

European Bioinformatics Institute ◽

Added Value ◽

Value Analysis ◽

Starting Point ◽

Core Mission ◽

Training Team ◽

Exchange Data

Abstract Data resources at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/) archive, organize and provide added-value analysis of research data produced around the world. This year's update for EMBL-EBI focuses on data exchanges among resources, both within the institute and with a wider global infrastructure. Within EMBL-EBI, data resources exchange data through a rich network of data flows mediated by automated systems. This network ensures that users are served with as much information as possible from any search and any starting point within EMBL-EBI’s websites. EMBL-EBI data resources also exchange data with hundreds of other data resources worldwide and collectively are a key component of a global infrastructure of interconnected life sciences data resources. We also describe the BioImage Archive, a deposition database for raw images derived from primary research that will supply data for future knowledgebases that will add value through curation of primary image data. We also report a new release of the PRIDE database with an improved technical infrastructure, a new API, a new webpage, and improved data exchange with UniProt and Expression Atlas. Training is a core mission of EMBL-EBI and in 2018 our training team served more users, both in-person and through web-based programmes, than ever before.

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Study on Common Ground Testing Platform Technology for Telemetry Core Equipment

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.1472 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 220-223 ◽

pp. 1472-1475

Author(s):

Qiu Lin Tan ◽

Xiang Dong Pei ◽

Si Min Zhu ◽

Ji Jun Xiong

Keyword(s):

Data Exchange ◽

Common Ground ◽

Digital Signal ◽

Test System ◽

Automatic Test System ◽

Module Design ◽

The Status ◽

Output Module ◽

And Performance ◽

Hardware Circuit

On the basis of automatic test system of the status in domestic and foreign, by analysis of the various functions and performance of the integrated test system, a design of the integrated test system is proposed, FPGA as the core logic controller of the hardware circuit. The system of the hardware design include: digital signal source output modules, analog output module and PCM codec module. Design of hardware circuit are mainly described. In addition, a detailed analysis of some key technologies in the design process was given. Overall, its data exchange with host computer is through the PCI card, data link and bandwidth can be expanded in accordance with the actual needs. The entire system designed in the modular principle, which has a strong scalability.

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Living lab on sharing and circular economy: The case of Turin

Health Informatics Journal ◽

10.1177/1460458220987278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 146045822098727

Author(s):

Federico Cuomo ◽

Nadia Lambiase ◽

Antonio Castagna

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

Common Ground ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Research Question ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Living Lab ◽

Starting Point ◽

Living Labs ◽

Past Experiences

Cities with their innovative capacity are key places to address critical climate, environmental and health challenges. Urban experimentations, such as Living Labs, can represent a starting point to reintroduce resources into the production cycle and reduce environmental impacts, embracing the paradigm of the circular economy (CE). According to recent studies, Living Labs at a city scale could generate significant environmental benefits, improvements in quality of life and positive impacts on citizens’ health.1 This paper aims at presenting the case of the Torino Living Lab on Sharing and Circular Economy (LLSC) to point out possible future scenarios of urban sustainable policies. The case study is analysed in five sections: (1) the description of the new permanent laboratory proposed by the City of Turin; (2) the past experiences of Living Labs in Turin; (3) the birth of LLSC and the involvement strategy; (4) the introduction of the eight admitted experimentations. In the light of the results collected, the last paragraph (5) came up with the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Treaths (SWOT) analysis in the LLSC. Eventually, it deals with the research question by offering a common ground for global and local policies focused on sustainability and CE.

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Consumer Neuroscience Techniques in Advertising Research: A Bibliometric Citation Analysis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031589 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1589

Author(s):

Juan Sánchez-Fernández ◽

Luis-Alberto Casado-Aranda ◽

Ana-Belén Bastidas-Manzano

Keyword(s):

Self Report ◽

Future Research ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Clear Understanding ◽

Continuous Growth ◽

Main Research ◽

Consumer Neuroscience ◽

Starting Point ◽

Wide Range ◽

Performance Analysis Tools

The limitations of self-report techniques (i.e., questionnaires or surveys) in measuring consumer response to advertising stimuli have necessitated more objective and accurate tools from the fields of neuroscience and psychology for the study of consumer behavior, resulting in the creation of consumer neuroscience. This recent marketing sub-field stems from a wide range of disciplines and applies multiple types of techniques to diverse advertising subdomains (e.g., advertising constructs, media elements, or prediction strategies). Due to its complex nature and continuous growth, this area of research calls for a clear understanding of its evolution, current scope, and potential domains in the field of advertising. Thus, this current research is among the first to apply a bibliometric approach to clarify the main research streams analyzing advertising persuasion using neuroimaging. Particularly, this paper combines a comprehensive review with performance analysis tools of 203 papers published between 1986 and 2019 in outlets indexed by the ISI Web of Science database. Our findings describe the research tools, journals, and themes that are worth considering in future research. The current study also provides an agenda for future research and therefore constitutes a starting point for advertising academics and professionals intending to use neuroimaging techniques.

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‘More Product, Less Process’ (MPLP): An early printed book project

Journal of Librarianship and Information Science ◽

10.1177/09610006211026739 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096100062110267

Author(s):

Karen Attar

Keyword(s):

18Th Century ◽

The United States ◽

Global Changes ◽

Main Research ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Main Research Interest ◽

Printed Books ◽

Starting Point ◽

19Th And 20Th Century

This article addresses the challenge to make printed hidden collections known quickly without sacrificing ultimate quality. It takes as its starting point the archival mantra ‘More product, less process’ and explores its application to printed books, mindful of projects in the United States to catalogue 19th- and 20th-century printed books quickly and cheaply with the help of OCLC. A problem is lack of time or managerial inclination ever to return to ‘quick and dirty’ imports. This article is a case study concerning a collection of 18th-century English imprints, the Graveley Parish Library, at Senate House Library, University of London. Faced with the need to provide metadata as quickly as possible for digitisation purposes, Senate House Library decided, in contrast to its normal treatment of early printed books, to download records from the English Short Title Catalogue and amend them only very minimally before releasing them for public view, and to do this work from catalogue cards rather than the books themselves. The article describes the Graveley Parish collection, the project method’s rationale, and the advantages and disadvantages of sourcing the English Short Title Catalogue for metadata. It discusses the drawbacks of retrospective conversion (cataloguing from cards, not books): insufficient detail in some cases to identify the relevant book, and ignorance of the copy-specific elements of books which can constitute the main research interest. The method is compared against cataloguing similar books from photocopies of title pages, and retrospective conversion using English Short Title Catalogue is compared against retrospective conversion of early printed Continental books from cards using Library Hub Discover or OCLC. The control groups show our method’s effectiveness. The project succeeded by producing records fast that fulfilled their immediate purpose and simultaneously would obviously require revisiting. The uniform nature of the collection enabled the saving of time through global changes.

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Famiglia, sessualitŕ, riproduzione: un puzzle da ricomporre

PASSATO E PRESENTE ◽

10.3280/pass2009-077008 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 123-134

Author(s):

Stefania Bernini

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Gender Studies ◽

Common Ground ◽

Gender And Sexuality ◽

Common Language ◽

Starting Point ◽

Fruitful Cooperation ◽

The Relationship

- Family, Sexuality, Reproduction: an Unsolved Puzzle discusses the relationship between family history, gender studies and the studies of sexualities. Its starting point is the consideration that, perhaps surprisingly, disciplines and research interests apparently close have struggled to find a common language and a fruitful cooperation. Moving from a perspective of family history, this article explores causes and consequences of this apparent difficulty in finding a common ground between scholars of family, gender and sexuality and the possibility of overcoming it.Keywords: Family, Sexuality, Reproduction, Gender studies, Historiography, History.Parole chiave: Famiglia, Sessualitŕ, Riproduzione, Studi di genere, Storiografia, Storia.

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Convolutional Extreme Learning Machines: A Systematic Review

10.20944/preprints202104.0753.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Iago Richard Rodrigues ◽

Sebastião Rogério ◽

Judith Kelner ◽

Djamel Sadok ◽

Patricia Takako Endo

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Deep Learning ◽

Extreme Learning Machine ◽

Research Area ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Learning Machines ◽

Starting Point ◽

Benchmark Datasets ◽

Good Starting Point ◽

Learning Machine

Many works have recently identified the need to combine deep learning with extreme learning to strike a performance balance with accuracy especially in the domain of multimedia applications. Considering this new paradigm, namely convolutional extreme learning machine (CELM), we present a systematic review that investigates alternative deep learning architectures that use extreme learning machine (ELM) for a faster training to solve problems based on image analysis. We detail each of the architectures found in the literature, application scenarios, benchmark datasets, main results, advantages, and present the open challenges for CELM. We follow a well structured methodology and establish relevant research questions that guide our findings. We hope that the observation and classification of such works can leverage the CELM research area providing a good starting point to cope with some of the current problems in the image-based computer vision analysis.

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Design and implementation of intelligent environment monitoring system based on OneNET platform

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202016502018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 165 ◽

pp. 02018

Author(s):

Jin Lin ◽

Ma Yuping

Keyword(s):

Monitoring System ◽

Mobile Communications ◽

Design Method ◽

Environmental Data ◽

Intelligent Environment ◽

Main Research ◽

Open Platform ◽

New Business ◽

Terminal Design ◽

Environment Parameters

With the development of electronic technology, remote monitoring has become the main development direction of data management. The monitoring of indoor environmental data is our main research content. The OneNET platform provided by China mobile communications corporation is used as the coordination command center of the intelligent monitoring application system for terminal design and development. OneNET platform provides standardized access terminal and the background monitor template type design method of the staff through constructing a set of environmental data acquisition and monitoring system based on OneNET, implementation of indoor environment parameters, such as temperature, temperature and concentration of PM2.5 real-time reporting and management operation, with abnormal data of automatic alarm. The system shows that the design based on the open platform can effectively improve the generation efficiency of new business and promote the development of Internet of things business.

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Reflection and Intellectual Amplification in Online Communities of Collaborative Learning

Online and Distance Learning ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-935-9.ch156 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1950-1960

Author(s):

Elsebeth Korsgaard Sorensen

Keyword(s):

Collaborative Learning ◽

Learning Environments ◽

Computer Supported Collaborative Learning ◽

Online Collaborative Learning ◽

Meta Level ◽

Building Process ◽

Starting Point ◽

Collaborative Knowledge Building ◽

Analytical Approaches ◽

Collaborative Knowledge

An alternative theoretical framework for analyzing and designing computer-supported collaborative learning environments is introduced. Bateson’s theory (1973) is used as a starting point for considering in what sense the specific dialogical conditions and qualities of virtual environments may support learning. We need more stringent analytical approaches of research that relate communicative qualities of virtual contexts to qualities of the collaborative knowledge-building process. This approach suggests that new didactic and instructional methods, addressing the learner’s communicative awareness at a meta-level, need to be developed in order to fully utilize the interactive and reflective potential of online collaborative learning. A deeper understanding of the reflective nature of the online environment and its potential for enhancing intellectual amplification will give rise to the birth of new and more innovative designs of online collaborative learning.

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