scholarly journals The Effects of a Revenue-Neutral Child Subsidy Tax Mechanism on Growth and GHG Emissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald R. Kumar ◽  
Peter J. Stauvermann
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Endogenous Fertility ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Overlapping Generation ◽  
Greenhouse Emissions ◽  
High Fertility Rate

Growing population, greenhouse gas emissions, and the pressure to improve economic growth are conflicting and controversial issues at the core of political economy. In this paper, using a theoretical model, we show that by shifting relative costs of child-rearing and costs for education, we can achieve a slowdown in population growth and greenhouse emissions, and an enhancement of economic growth. These goals are based on two fundamental considerations—the quantity–quality tradeoff with respect to the choice of the number, and the educational level of children. An analysis is presented using a standard overlapping generation (OLG) framework that is extended with human capital, endogenous fertility, and changing life expectancy. The environmental impact of economic activities is modeled using a modified IPAT framework. Our results show that it is possible to reduce the level of carbon emissions of the whole economy and to generate a Pareto improvement. Subsequently, an economic strategy is presented that is costless, has various advantages, and particularly useful for countries experiencing high fertility rate that are not sustainable.

scholarly journals The Effects of One-Child Policy on the Economy and the Environment in an OLG Framework

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Stauvermann ◽  
Jin Hu ◽  
Ronald Ravinesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Endogenous Fertility ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Overlapping Generation ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy

In this paper we take China’s one child policy as an example and investigate its environmental impact. We develop a model for an economy using a standard overlapping generation model extended with human capital, endogenous fertility, and changing life expectancy. To model the environmental impact of economic activities, we use a modified IPAT model. We show that China’s one child has a very strong positive impact on the environment, particularly if we consider the whole human legacy.        

Lecturas posibles sobre la construcción del actor económico

2017 ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gómez Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Basic Ideas

En tres breves capítulos, el artículo pone a disposición las ideas básicas que cruzan la reflexión sobre las actividades económicas que las personas realizan en condiciones de pobreza, destacándose la preocupación sobre si estos desempeños pueden constituirse en alternativas de crecimiento económico a nivel local o si ellas son actores que inciden en las políticas públicas que organizan los supuestos del desarrollo.Palabras clave Actividades Económicas Autogestionadas / Autonomía / Capacitación / Desarrollo Endógeno.Abstract:In three brief chapters, the article displays the basic ideas that intersect the reflection on the economic activities that people perform in conditions of poverty, standing out the concern whether these performances can constitute in alternatives of economic growth at the local level or whether they are activities that affect the public policies which organize the theories of development.Key words Self-managed economic activities / Autonomy / Training / Endogenous Development

scholarly journals Taxation of Land and Economic Growth

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Shulu Che ◽  
Ronald Ravinesh Kumar ◽  
Peter J. Stauvermann
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Overlapping Generation ◽  
Land Rents ◽  
Stamp Duty

In this paper, we theoretically analyze the effects of three types of land taxes on economic growth using an overlapping generation model in which land can be used for production or consumption (housing) purposes. Based on the analyses in which land is used as a factor of production, we can confirm that the taxation of land will lead to an increase in the growth rate of the economy. Particularly, we show that the introduction of a tax on land rents, a tax on the value of land or a stamp duty will cause the net price of land to decline. Further, we show that the nationalization of land and the redistribution of the land rents to the young generation will maximize the growth rate of the economy.

Public Financing of Human Development in India: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-81
Author(s):  
Sacchidananda Mukherjee ◽  
Shivani Badola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Financing ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
Distribution Of Resources

Role of public financing of human development (HD) is inevitable, especially for developing countries like India where access to resources and economic opportunities are not equitably distributed among people. Governments aim to achieve equity in distribution of resources through allocative and redistributive policies whereas macroeconomic stabilisation policies aim to achieve higher economic growth and stability in the price level. Expenditure policies of the governments envisage in delivering larger public goods and services to enable people to take part in economic activities by investing in human capital and infrastructure developments. Progressivity of the tax system helps in achieving equity by redistribution of resources among people. Being merit goods, expenditures on education, health, and poverty eradication make it a case for public investment which empowers people to improve human capital. The benefit of universal economic participation is expected to contribute in larger mobilisation of public resources over time. Lack of economic opportunities and earning a respectable income may increase dependence on public transfers which may reduce fiscal space of the governments to finance programmes to promote overall economic growth. The objective of this article is to review existing studies on public financing of HD in India and highlight emerging challenges.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Economic Growth and Pollution in Some New European Union Member States: A Dynamic Panel ARDL Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2363
Author(s):  
Mihaela Simionescu ◽  
Carmen Beatrice Păuna ◽  
Mihaela-Daniela Vornicescu Niculescu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Panel Ardl ◽  
Domestic Credit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Considering the necessity of achieving economic development by keeping the quality of the environment, the aim of this paper is to study the impact of economic growth on GHG emissions in a sample of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (V4 countries, Bulgaria and Romania) in the period of 1996–2019. In the context of dynamic ARDL panel and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), the relationship between GHG and GDP is N-shaped. A U-shaped relationship was obtained in the renewable Kuznets curve (RKC). Energy consumption, domestic credit to the private sector, and labor productivity contribute to pollution, while renewable energy consumption reduces the GHG emissions. However, more efforts are required for promoting renewable energy in the analyzed countries.

scholarly journals Greenhouse gas emissions profiles of neighbourhoods in Durban, South Africa – an initial investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryl Jagarnath ◽  
Tirusha Thambiran
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The City

Because current emissions accounting approaches focus on an entire city, cities are often considered to be large emitters of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with no attention to the variation within them. This makes it more difficult to identify climate change mitigation strategies that can simultaneously reduce emissions and address place-specific development challenges. In response to this gap, a bottom-up emissions inventory study was undertaken to identify high emission zones and development goals for the Durban metropolitan area (eThekwini Municipality). The study is the first attempt at creating a spatially disaggregated emissions inventory for key sectors in Durban. The results indicate that particular groups and economic activities are responsible for more emissions, and socio-spatial development and emission inequalities are found both within the city and within the high emission zone. This is valuable information for the municipality in tailoring mitigation efforts to reduce emissions and address development gaps for low-carbon spatial planning whilst contributing to objectives for social justice.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Nitrat (NO3) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Alami Eceng Gondok (Eichornia crassipes Solms.) Berdasarkan Biomassa Basah Di Danau Batur, Kintamani, Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Lisa Rosalia Prayuda ◽  
I Wayan Arthana ◽  
Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
High Fertility Rate ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes

Batur Lake is one of the natural lakes in the province of Bali where the activity of fishing, agriculture, tourism and housing available. This study aims to determine the effect of nitrate relation to the natural growth of the water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). Increased water hyacinth biomass in Songan station is the highest among the three other stations (Batur, Buahan, and Trunyan). At the end of the study (day 42 ), water hyacinth biomass of Songan station increased by 338.2 % from the initial weight, while at another station the increase weight  ranges from 75 % -158 %. The highest daily growth rate in Trunyan station 3.68% / day, and the lowest in station Buahan which only reached 0.88% / day. At the Songan station where are many floating net which contribute to increase nitrate. There is a tendency of growth of water hyacinth faster at higher nitrate conditions. Nitrate conditions ranged from 0,35 to 0,62 m /l which shows that the waters of Batur Lake classified into waters that have a high fertility rate (eutrophic).

scholarly journals Transaksi Bisnis Tembakau dalam Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Achmad Anas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
The Difference

Three basic economic activities are production, distribution, and consumption. Economic growth can be realized quickly, by maximizing one of the three. Economic growth that can create prosperity can be done in two ways: growth in production factors, both labor, and capital. Economic activities are concentrated in businesses in the form of production, partnerships, sales. The results of this study are there are several roles of the Indonesian Tobacco Farmers Association that were found, in the form of mediator, facilitator, advocacy. And there are also findings in the form of increased taxes and the distribution of tobacco excise revenue sharing funds that are not evenly distributed. There are also several findings, they are: the occurrence of economic activities in the form of partnerships carried out by tobacco farmers and entrepreneurs. The difference lies in the end that there is a transaction of buying and selling witnesses between tobacco farmers and entrepreneurs. So when partnering, the agreement must sell farmers' crops to partners, namely tobacco entrepreneurs. Of course, the transaction has met the provisions of Sharia Economic Law, when the conditions have been fulfilled, the transaction will be considered valid.

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