scholarly journals The Role of Curtailment Versus Efficiency on Spillovers Among Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Evidence from Two Towns in Granada, Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Marta Suárez-Varela ◽  
Ariel Dinar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Behavioral Consistency ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

In this paper we explore the existence of behavioral consistency between individuals’ pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors in related domains (cross-domain), distinguishing between the following two types of behaviors that the literature has identified as entailing different levels of sacrifice on the part of the individual: curtailment, i.e., implying the adoption of daily habits, and efficiency behaviors, i.e., installation of efficient devices. Using a dataset on bottled water demand from two cities in southern Spain, we find evidence of behavioral consistency between the undertaking of certain pro-environmental habits related to household water consumption and the decision to consume (or not) bottled water. These effects are found only when curtailment behaviors are considered, but not in relation to efficiency behaviors. Moreover, our results suggest that policies fostering pro-environmental habits could prove more successful than the ones promoting pro-environmental attitudes or awareness. These results have important implications for the design of environmental campaigns and rebate programs.

Value-driven issues throughout the development of sociological theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Gulbarshyn Chepurko ◽  
Valerii Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social System ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The paper examines and compares how the major sociological theories treat axiological issues. Value-driven topics are analysed in view of their relevance to society in times of crisis, when both societal life and the very structure of society undergo dramatic change. Nowadays, social scientists around the world are also witnessing such a change due to the emergence of alternative schools of sociological thought (non-classical, interpretive, postmodern, etc.) and, subsequently, the necessity to revise the paradigms that have been existed in sociology so far. Since the above-mentioned approaches are often used to address value-related issues, building a solid theoretical framework for these studies takes on considerable significance. Furthermore, the paradigm revision has been prompted by technological advances changing all areas of people’s lives, especially social interactions. The global human community, integral in nature, is being formed, and production of human values now matters more than production of things; hence the “expansion” of value-focused perspectives in contemporary sociology. The authors give special attention to collectivities which are higher-order units of the social system. These units are described as well-organised action systems where each individual performs his/her specific role. Just as the role of an individual is distinct from that of the collectivity (because the individual and the collectivity are different as units), so too a distinction is drawn between the value and the norm — because they represent different levels of social relationships. Values are the main connecting element between the society’s cultural system and the social sphere while norms, for the most part, belong to the social system. Values serve primarily to maintain the pattern according to which the society is functioning at a given time; norms are essential to social integration. Apart from being the means of regulating social processes and relationships, norms embody the “principles” that can be applied beyond a particular social system. The authors underline that it is important for Ukrainian sociology to keep abreast of the latest developments in the field of axiology and make good use of those ideas because this is a prerequisite for its successful integration into the global sociological community.

scholarly journals Examination of Future Psychologists Empathy Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
S. Dmitrieva ◽  
O. Machushnyk
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Different Levels

In current conditions, the priority of young people's preparation for life and work is especially important. Consequently, the requirements for the training of a future psychologist are also changing. One of the essential properties of a psychologist, necessary for the successful implementation of their activities, is empathy. The problem of empathy is one of the most difficult psychological sciences. The implacability of this phenomenon for researchers confirms the diversity in the definitions of its essence, mechanisms, functions, the role of empathy in the personality moral development, prosocial behaviour, altruism, and others like that. The presence of the appropriate level of empathic properties of students-psychologists acts as a condition for the formation of their professional compliance. Subjective factors of empathy formation: value sphere of personality, type of interpersonal relations, level of self-centeredness, type of accentuation of character, types of attitudes to different spheres of life, level of subjective control. Therefore, in the article, empathy development is studied in students who get a psychologist's degree. It is determined that in general subjects have average empathy level. By dividing students into groups, according to their level of empathy, it has been established that different value orientations characterize boys with different levels of empathy. It is determined that the overwhelming majority of respondents have a mean self-centeredness level. It was found that the obtained data provide an opportunity for further development of empathy among students. As a result of our research, we are convinced that the objective factors for the formation of empathy are: the perception of other people, the maturity of the individual. Our research is not exhaustive; our further development will concern the deepening of the ideas about the empathy component of the personality of the future psychologist and the methods of its development.  

scholarly journals Psychological Well-being of Students with Different Levels of Role Victimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
E.S. Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

of psychological well-being features in students with different levels of role victimization. Role victimization shall be understood to mean such a strategy of victim relations, which is based on the individual predisposition to produce a particular playing or social type of victim behavior (playing and social role of the victim) (M.A. Odintsova). The article presents the analysis of psychological well-being of students with different levels of role victimization (N = 82, average age 21 years). "Auto-viktim» (N = 28), "victim» (N = 31), "non-viktim» (N = 23) groups were formed according to the level and nature of manifestations of the role victimization, and a comparative analysis of the level of psychological well-being and perception of the image of the world in these groups was made. The study shows that while level of role victimization increases, psychological well-being of students reduces and negative attitude toward the world forms. "Auto-viktim" students while facing difficulties play the role of victim, and "victim" students use social role. "Non-viktim" students have positive self-esteem, they are optimistic, easy to set goals and reach them. Also the article present an analysis of the peculiarities of the psychological well-being, the perception of image of the world, the level of role victimization in groups of male and female youth.

scholarly journals Similar Negotiations over Childcare? A Comparative Study of Fathers’ Parental Leave Use in Finland and Sweden

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ann-Zofie Duvander ◽  
Eleonora Mussino ◽  
Jussi Tervola
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Bargaining Positions ◽  
Different Levels

Fathers’ leave use is promoted in many countries, but so far with different success. Major explanations of different usage revolve around economic bargaining between parents and economic constraints in the household. By using extensive register data from 1999–2009 in Finland and Sweden, this study asks whether fathers’ use of parental leave in the two countries is determined by the same socioeconomic characteristics on the individual and the household level once we control for sociodemographic factors. Striking similarities in what influences fathers’ use of leave in the two contexts are found, even though leave is used at very different levels and the policy design differs remarkably. Generally, fathers with a similar income level to the mother use leave the most, but in high-income households the mother’s higher income leads to the highest propensity of fathers’ leave take-up. The results indicate that equal bargaining positions are associated with fathers’ leave use but also that mothers’ stronger position often facilitates fathers’ leave. We conclude that the role of gendered bargaining positions should be studied in interaction with the level of resources in the household.

“My Words Matter”: The Role of Adolescents in Changing Pro-environmental Habits in the Family

2020 ◽  
pp. 001391652095315
Author(s):  
Rita Žukauskienė ◽  
Inga Truskauskaitė-Kunevičienė ◽  
Vaida Gabė ◽  
Goda Kaniušonytė
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Substantial Body ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
And Behavior

A substantial body of research provides evidence for the role of parents in transferring pro-environmental attitudes, values, and behaviors to their children. However, little research has focused on children’s active attempts to influence parents’ pro-environmental behavior. In a survey involving 508 Lithuanian families, we examined the bidirectional influences of parents’ and adolescents’ information-induced proenvironmental intentions and behavior. Three plastic waste-related consumption behaviors were studied: purchasing bottled water, using reusable shopping bags, and recycling non-refundable plastic. Results show that both adolescents and their parents influence each other’s proenvironmental intentions and behaviors, suggesting that not only parents but also adolescents, may be important agents of positive changes in families and society.

scholarly journals The Effect of Compensation Size on Recovery Satisfaction After Group Service Failures: The Role of Group Versus Individual Service Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne K. Albrecht ◽  
Tobias Schaefers ◽  
Gianfranco Walsh ◽  
Sharon E. Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Service Recovery ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Group Service ◽  
Recovery Satisfaction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Individual Service

Two experimental studies reveal that customers’ reactions to different levels of recovery compensation differ between a recovery that occurs at the group level (such that every customer knows that every other affected customer receives the same compensation) and one that occurs at the individual level (such that the individual does not know whether and how much compensation other affected customers receive). In both cases, recovery compensation exhibits diminishing returns on compensation size in terms of recovery satisfaction. However, at the group level, the rate at which the returns on compensation diminish is greater and satisfaction reaches a plateau at lower compensation levels than at the individual level. The salient social comparison made during a group service recovery (GSR), as evidenced by the mediating role of distributive justice, explains these effects. Finally, we note that at midrange compensation levels, GSR and individual service recovery did not lead to different levels of recovery satisfaction, suggesting a zone of tolerance or indifference at these levels. Further, our findings yield important managerial implications for the efficient allocation of service recovery resources after a group service failure.

The Effect of New Ecological Paradigm on Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Mediating Role of Environmental Attitudes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Kai-bin Zhao ◽  
Zheng Jin ◽  
Timothy Tamunang Tamutana ◽  
Yi-Ming Shi ◽  
Marina Kogay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
New Ecological Paradigm ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Ecological Paradigm

School Success and School Engagement of Immigrant Children and Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frosso Motti-Stefanidi ◽  
Ann S. Masten
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
School Engagement ◽  
School Success ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The Individual

Academic achievement in immigrant children and adolescents is an indicator of current and future adaptive success. Since the future of immigrant youths is inextricably linked to that of the receiving society, the success of their trajectory through school becomes a high stakes issue both for the individual and society. The present article focuses on school success in immigrant children and adolescents, and the role of school engagement in accounting for individual and group differences in academic achievement from the perspective of a multilevel integrative model of immigrant youths’ adaptation ( Motti-Stefanidi, Berry, Chryssochoou, Sam, & Phinney, 2012 ). Drawing on this conceptual framework, school success is examined in developmental and acculturative context, taking into account multiple levels of analysis. Findings suggest that for both immigrant and nonimmigrant youths the relationship between school engagement and school success is bidirectional, each influencing over time the other. Evidence regarding potential moderating and mediating roles of school engagement for the academic success of immigrant youths also is evaluated.

Implications of Person Fluctuation for the Stability and Validity of Test Scores

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere J. Ferrando
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Person Fit ◽  
Item Parameters ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Fluctuation Model

In the IRT person-fluctuation model, the individual trait levels fluctuate within a single test administration whereas the items have fixed locations. This article studies the relations between the person and item parameters of this model and two central properties of item and test scores: temporal stability and external validity. For temporal stability, formulas are derived for predicting and interpreting item response changes in a test-retest situation on the basis of the individual fluctuations. As for validity, formulas are derived for obtaining disattenuated estimates and for predicting changes in validity in groups with different levels of fluctuation. These latter formulas are related to previous research in the person-fit domain. The results obtained and the relations discussed are illustrated with an empirical example.

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