scholarly journals Validation of Simulated Safety Indicators with Traffic Crash Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Alonso ◽  
Vittorio Astarita ◽  
Luigi Dell’Olio ◽  
Vincenzo Pasquale Giofrè ◽  
Giuseppe Guido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Driver Distractions ◽  
The City

The purpose of this document is to validate a new methodology useful for the estimation of road accidents resulting from possible driver distractions. This was possible through a statistical comparison made between real accident data between 2016 and 2018 in the city of Santander (Spain) and simulated data resulting from the application of the methodology on two areas of study. The methodology allows us to evaluate possible collisions starting from the knowledge of vehicular trajectories extrapolated from microsimulation. Studies show that there are good correlations between the real data and the simulated data. The results obtained show that the proposed methodology can be considered reliable and, therefore, it could be of fundamental importance for designers, since it would simplify the choice between different possible intervention scenarios, determining which is the least risky in terms of road safety.

scholarly journals Safety and reliability of the personal bus carriages in integrated municipal system of traffic and public transport management - analysis of literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Paweł Woś ◽  
Jacek Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes the city's logistics development strategies and its public transport, especially bus traffic. Statistical analysis of all road transport in the European Union (EU) has been carried out. The most important reasons for the tragic road accidents in Poland have been mixed up. Key elements of active safety and passive safety of buses and road safety were analyzed. Characterized key indicators of road safety in the EU and the probability of bus incidents. The impact on the ecology of the city of road transport was analyzed in terms of the significance of exhaust emissions of various bus designs and emissions of other pollutants.

scholarly journals A Mechanistic Model for Predicting Accident Potential of Vehicles Transiting in Nigerian Roads

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ama Agwu ◽  
Nwogu Chukwunoso ◽  
Nwankwojike Bethrand
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Percentage Contribution ◽  
Accident Prediction ◽  
Accident Probability ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Mechanical Factors

An accident prediction model was developed for determining the accident potential of a vehicle while on transit. The model identifies the various factors responsible for vehicle crashes. With the help of accident data obtained from the database of the Nigerian Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC), the percentage contribution of each factor is calculated. These accident-cause factors were further grouped into three distinct classes: Human factors (HF), Mechanical factors (MF) and Environmental factors (EF). Analysis of the accident data showed that HF is the chief cause of most road accidents recorded, followed by MF and EF with probabilities of 0.846, 0.138 and 0.016 respectively. Also, driver age, travel distance and maintenance frequency of the vehicle were considered in the development of the model. The model gives an output ranging from 0-1. Values close to 0 mean low accident probability while values close to 1 signify high accident probability. Application and adherence to this model will significantly reduce the frequency of road accidents. Finally, transport companies and fleet operators are therefore encouraged to embrace and use this innovation for safer operations.

scholarly journals Improving road safety in small towns based on a systematic approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 00028
Author(s):  
Irina Makarova ◽  
Gulnara Yakupova ◽  
Eduard Mukhametdinov
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Road ◽  
Preliminary Identification ◽  
Priority Task ◽  
The City ◽  
Haddon Matrix

Currently improving road safety is the priority task in the field of transport management. In our opinion, making management decisions to reduce the road accidents number and injuries rate should be based on a systematic approach to identifying the accidents’ causes and severity. This can be achieved using, among other things, the analysis of statistical data on violations and accidents in dynamics. A model so-called the Haddon Matrix was used as a method of preliminary identification of influencing factors and possible measures for their elimination. The statistical analysis results are presented a particular settlement. It was revealed that the city specifics, namely the residents’ number, motorization rate and the road network and infrastructure characteristics, are reflected in the factors affecting the level of accidents rate and, as a consequence, on the measures necessary to reduce it.

scholarly journals Contactless Automated Express Evaluation of Damages to a Car Body by Visual Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-475
Author(s):  
M. Tarasovа ◽  
N. Filkin ◽  
R. Yurtikov
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
The Body ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Car Body ◽  
The Road ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
Time Required

Explosive development of computer technologies and their availability made it possible to extensively focus nowadays on emerging state-of-the-art technologies, digitalization, artificial intelligence, and automated systems, including in the field of road safety. It would be reasonable to implement some technical devices in this respect to remove human factor and automate some procedures completed at the scene of a road accident. Automatically filled up road accident inspection records and, mainly, diagrams of the accident will reduce time required for the examining inspector and remove human factor. Ultimately, an automated road accident data sheet is suggested to be established. To tackle the issues above requires a technique to determine whether the produced damages to the car body result from the same road accident. The fact remains that there are circumstances when even vehicle trace examination would not do the job, in case of multiple corrosive damage to the body. In view of the above, a technique designed to determine whether the damages produced are caused at the same point of time gains its ground. A technique for a time-related corrosion examination is offered herein to cut expenditures for diagnostics and expert examination of road accidents. That will also eliminate the matters of argument with respect to the road accident evaluation in court. Among added benefits of the technique are that it is simple, quick to implement, and requires no human involvement. It is a well-established fact that each chemical element or a mixture of substances has its own timeinvariant color attributes which allows to determine availability of one or another substance during corrosion of metal surfaces, by emission from the surface in question.

scholarly journals Znaczenie kompetencji zawodowych nauczyciela szkoły podstawowej w realizacji treści programowych wychowania komunikacyjnego

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
Fabian Andruszkiewicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Professional Preparation ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
School Students ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
The City

The paper presents traffic-related hazards, in particular to its young and vulnerable participants. A list was provided of road accidents that primary school students from the region of Silesia, in particular the city of Bytom participated in, together with an indication of their causes. Research was carried out among teachers of primary schools from Bytom, responsible for teaching elements of road safety, in particular to unprotected participants in traffic, aimed at determining the degree of professional preparation in this area. The cooperation of primary schools and teachers with institutions responsible for road safety were presented, such as: Municipal Police Headquarters, Municipal Police, Regional Road Traffic Centre, and others, aimed at improving child safety, as well as increasing the communication skills of teachers, through active participation in trainings and workshops, and by promoting the principles of safe participation in road traffic. Education in the field of road safety for its youngest participants should be a priority in the activities of all people and organizations, in particular teachers, who care about the safety of children and adults.

scholarly journals Development of a Safety Evaluation Model for Provincial Highway

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yuan ◽  
He-wei Yuan ◽  
Yong-feng Ma ◽  
Ying-wei Ren
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Highway Safety ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Traffic Conflict ◽  
Accident Data

Provincial highway safety is one of the most important issues in transportation. To evaluate or assess the safety performance of provincial highway, traffic crash analysis or traffic conflict analysis has been used for a long history. However, it is very difficult and time-consuming to obtain historical crash data or traffic conflict data. This study analyzes the provincial highways' accident data during 2006–2010, and the characteristics of provincial highway have been investigated; in addition the influencing elements are identified. A comprehensive approach is introduced to evaluate provincial highway safety performance and corresponding models are developed considering the accidents, geometrics, facilities, and traffic environment. The approach will also result in a safety index to indicate the safety performance level of the provincial highway. In this paper, the approach (called safety evaluation approach) is practically applied to evaluate the safety performance of some provincial highways in Hebei Province. Results from the real application indicate that the approach has good applicability and can be used by field safety engineers.

Modern Roundabouts and Traffic Crash Experience in United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 1553 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee Flannery ◽  
Tapan K. Datta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Information ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Accident Data

Roundabouts have become popular in Australia and many countries in Europe during the past few decades. In the United States of America, however, roundabouts are just beginning to be recognized as an alternative treatment for roadway intersections. An effort was made to collect traffic and traffic crash data for existing roundabouts in the United States and to perform a statistical analysis to determine the effectiveness of roundabouts as a treatment for intersecting roadways. General information about thirteen roundabouts located in Maryland, Florida, Nevada, and California was collected and is included for readers’ use. In addition, six retrofitted roundabout sites with accident data ranging from 1 to 3 years before and after were analyzed. In all but one case, the reduction in accidents for roundabout sites was in the range of 60 to 70 percent. A chi-squared test and a normal approximation test were performed using the accident data from these six roundabout sites. Both of these tests indicated a significant difference in the reduction of frequency and mean of accidents at 95 and 99 percent confidence levels, respectively, between pre-roundabout and post-roundabout periods. Results, though limited, are encouraging and in line with findings of past European and Australian studies involving roundabouts. Additional studies on the safety performance of U.S. roundabouts should be conducted in the future when more data are available to reinforce these findings.

scholarly journals Simulation Study of the Effect of Decreasing Truck Traffic Flow on Safety on Almeria-Barcelona Corridor

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar Dadashova
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Truck Traffic ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
The Road ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Average Annual Daily Traffic

In this paper the effect of truck traffic on road safety has been analyzed through simulation study. The main objective of the study is to quantify the effect of the decreasing average annual daily traffic of heavy duty vehicles (trucks) on road safety. As the road safety indicators the frequency road accidents is considered. The data used in the study were collected from one of the most crowded routes in Spain which connects Almeria (south-east) with Barcelona (northeast). The observed data covers year 2010 and were classified into 2 road types: dual carriageways and toll roads. The estimation was carried out using negative binomial model and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation. Using the estimation results new traffic scenarios were proposed where the traffic flow is assumed to change its values. A total of 33 scenarios were proposed and new accidents data were generated through MCMC sampling. The comparison of the simulated and observed accident data shows that the effect of decreasing truck traffic flow could meliorate road safety in the route. The simulation tool could be applied to evaluate the effects of freight modal shift from road to rail.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4214

scholarly journals Brainy Road Accident Mitigation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 249-251
Author(s):  
Dr. B. M. Vidyavathi
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Crash ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The City

Many precious lives are lost due to road accidents because of over speeding and negligent driving every day. This is the matter of great concern for departments that deal with road safety and for the citizens. It is estimated that 80% of crashes and 65% of near collisions are due to driver’s lack of attention to traffic for three seconds before the event. The number of road crash deaths has increased by 31% from 2007 to 2017. As per the survey on the road accidents in India, according to the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, 1, 50,785 people were killed and another 4, 94,624 were injured in 4, 80,652 road crashes in India in 2016. Now day’s accidents are taking place at large scale. Majority of the accidents occurs due to the over speeding of vehicles, though there are speed limiting boards placed at the roadside of highways also at the road side in the city. But none of vehicles (drivers) follows the speed mentioned in the speed limit boards, due to which accidents occurs.

The Potential for Rail Transit as a Way to Mitigate Accident Risk

2016 ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
Sumeeta Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
The City

The city of Chennai has made road accident data available with the address location of road accidents and the total numbers of persons and pedestrians affected in the accident in 2009. These data were geocoded to locate the accidents with respect to the census wards within the Chennai Corporation area. Both the total number of persons as well as pedestrians in accidents as well as the rate of accidents normalized by population in the ward were modeled as dependent variables using Poisson based regression models to see the effect of location characteristics such as road length, vehicle traffic, proximity to existing and proposed transit infrastructure and the percentage of the land developed between 1991-2009. The results from the models suggest that location does indeed affect the risk for accidents in Chennai and that planners in the city may need to better understand the implications of roads, urban development, transit access and the built environment for traffic safety.

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