scholarly journals Physical Responsibility Versus Financial Responsibility of Producers for E-Wastes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4037
Author(s):  
Hsin Rau ◽  
Athena Rhae Bisnar ◽  
Jan Patrick Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Financial Responsibility ◽  
Notebook Computer ◽  
The World ◽  
Responsibility Model ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
System Designs ◽  
Welfare Model

Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is a legislative mandate that requires a producer to be accountable for the whole life cycle of its product—from product design to final disposal. The EPR system is imposed to solve the problem of the growing e-waste in different areas of the world. Different countries have different system designs and approaches in EPR, depending on the country’s legislation, customer demand, incentives, and resources; it can either be a physical responsibility or a financial responsibility. Physical responsibility is when the producers are responsible for the physical movements of the e-wastes necessary, while financial responsibility is when the producers are financially supporting all the costs needed to successfully fulfil the EPR goals. In this study, we will determine which type of EPR system is better by doing a comparison on its social welfare value using a social welfare model. This study uses a notebook computer as an example, and based on our analysis, we conclude that the physical responsibility is better if and only if the rate of return of e-waste is equal to or greater than a certain percentage. Otherwise, the financial responsibility model outperforms the physical responsibility model. A sensitivity analysis is also carried for each parameter used in the two models for determining the significance.

Art Market and Its Investment Capacity

2010 ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
A. Sarkisyants
Keyword(s):  
Art Market ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Russian Art Market ◽  
Investment Capacity ◽  
Comparative Rate

The article investigates the world art market trends. It considers the main market indicators, comparative rate of return and the prospects of the market as well as the problems of art banking. Special attention is paid to the Russian art market.

The Staging of Large Wastewater Treatment Plants - A “Modular” Approach

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
H. Fleckseder ◽  
L. Prendl ◽  
H. Meulenbroek
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Modular Approach ◽  
Central European ◽  
Plant Hydraulics ◽  
The World ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Over Time

The primary driving force for re-investments in wastewater treatment plants in Austria - and also other countries in Central Europe - is at present not an increase in load to treatment but a marked increase in effluent requirements to be fulfilled. (The re-investments necessary for sludge handling and treatment remain outside this paper.) Within a period of 20 years, the load specific requirements on aeration tank volume rose five- to tenfold, when Lv = 2.0 kg BOD5/(m3d) was the starting value, and roughly doubled for final clarifiers. In addition, the importance of the application and expansion of primary sedimentation decreased as well. This development over time in Central European countries as well as the need to utilize previous investments as long as possible - 35 to 60 years for civil works are common as periods of depreciation - indicate that investments in new plant at any location in the world have to consider the possible whole life cycle of a plant and that plant hydraulics becomes the “key hook” for expandability.

scholarly journals ANALISA FINANSIAL PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN JALAN TOL AA DI JAWA TIMUR

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Adham Indra Kusuma, Marjono, Fauziah S.C.S Maisarah
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
Investment Cost

One attempt to create a good transport system is the construction of new roads toll roads. A toll road construction soon to be implemented is AA segment a which is of  investment oriented and expected to give profits to the investors. According to the plan, the toll road is 40.5 km long development is divided into 4 sections. Data required to perform financial analysis is the cost of investment, operation and maintenance cost, traffic volume, and the toll rate plans. These data to find the values of the parameters used to calculate the financial analysis include the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), and Payback Period (PP). The financial analysis will use two funding alternatives, alternative I using 100% equity, alternative II using 30% equity and 70%  loan. The purpose of this study is to determine the results of the financial analysis of the parameter values of highway construction project feasibility and determine the most influential factors after a sensitivity analysis has been made. Based on the financial analysis the investment cost results in IDR 3,827,698,222,645. The financial analysis NPV parameters alternative I results in IDR 661,439,934,962 and alternative II in IDR 230,334,925,350 which means they are feasible because both NPVs are greater than 0; both the IRR of 14.18% for alternative I and 13.02% for alternative II are greater than Minimum Attractive Rate Of Return (MARR) value of 12.42%; so, they are feasible; the value of BCR of alternative I is of 1.13 and alternative II is of 1.04; so, they are feasible because the value of BCR is greater than 1. While the PP of alternative I in the period of 12.1 years and alternative II in the period of 13.5 years. The sensitivity analysis of alternatives I and II result in  the most influential alternative—when construction period experiences ≥ 3 years backwards.Keywords: investment cost, financial analysis, sensitivity analysis.

scholarly journals Intézményi elemek értékei a nemzeti vagyonban

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
László Török
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
Human And Social Capital

Until the recent past economists identified the assets of a nation as the sum of material assets, humán and social capital. However they found, that the differences of the calculated national assets are not proportional to the welfare of the citizens of the compared countries, therefore they looked for further explanatory variables. The specialists of the World Bank according to the results of their research identified an invisible resource, which is the institutional system of the country. Present study examines ten Hungárián institutional components from the aspect of their value and examines how they are contributing to national assets, hereby how they serve the interest of social welfare.

scholarly journals The Valuation of Environmental Assets

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 140-158
Author(s):  
Charles Perrings
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Natural Resource Use ◽  
The World ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
Nations System

Chapter 6 examines the value of environmental assets, which lies in the discounted stream of services they offer. Their conservation depends on the expected rate of change in their value, if conserved, relative to the rate of return on alternative assets. This chapter considers how the portfolio of environmental assets—natural capital—has been valued at the national scale. The two main approaches adopted are the United Nations’ System of Environmental-Economic Accounts (SEEA), and the World Bank’s (Inclusive) Wealth Accounts. The authors consider both approaches, and what they mean for the sustainability and the efficiency of natural resource use. Particular attention is paid to the residual left over after taking account of all marketed inputs in production: total factor productivity.

scholarly journals The global economy affected by the COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 01030
Author(s):  
Ladislav Vagner
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators

Research background: The disease, which broke out in December 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan and caused a pandemic around the world, has a constant impact on the economies of the countries even after almost two years. The issue of the effect of COVID-19 on the global economy and overall earnings management persists. Due to the topicality of the problem, we focused on the impacts and measures affecting the company’s operation. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this research article is to summarize current information on coronavirus and its effects almost two years after the outbreak. Additionally, outline three different scenarios that could occur. We also took into consideration scientific sources that deal with the shock of COVID-19. In addition, we summarize the opinions of scientific authors. Methods: Within the methodology, we used mainly the analysis and obtaining an objective picture of the current situation in the world. Following the outbreak of the pandemic, there have been significant inconstancies in GDP. Subsequently, we focus on the development of individual selected macro indicators that best describe the global economy. Findings & Value added: Finally, we offer three scenarios that outline three different situations that may occur, which we worked on based on a scenario analysis based on a modification of the sensitivity analysis, to specify future development scenarios based on macroeconomic indicators.

scholarly journals Responsible finance: application and challenges for society, governments and corporations

Upravlenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
V. I. Pyatanova ◽  
I. A. Pyatanov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Policy ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Funding Allocation ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Financial Responsibility ◽  
The World ◽  
Huge Variety ◽  
Financial Gains

The topic of Responsible Finance is becoming an important issue in the functioning of our financial systems. There are many interesting developments in social, governmental and corporate perspectives that promote more ethical and sustainable principles of making financial decisions, allocating resources and capital. The boom in ESG investing (taking into account Environmental, Social and Governance factors) over the last 10 years suggests the great importance of this topic for funding allocation worldwide. Investment proj ects are now assessed on a variety of metrics, not only based on their potential financial gains. Governments also have a role to play, as they support private initiatives and reconsider a huge variety of their projects to account for these additional factors that eventually impact population’s welfare. All economic agents should pay attention to this transformation to not miss out on the new standards of financial responsibility. These changes present great opportunities for the world of finance, whilst having few drawbacks. In this article a closer look at the founding principles of financial responsibility is taken. Authors examine how these principles shape the financial policy with concrete examples from social, corporate and government perspectives. Authors also emphasize the factors that potentially limit the unitary acceptance of such practices around the world.

scholarly journals O TDAH no Campo da Assistência Social: Possibilidades para uma Clínica Ampliada

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 438-448
Author(s):  
Luiz Gustavo Santos TESSARO ◽  
Ana Maria VEIGALIMA
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Gestalt Therapy ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
Kurt Lewin ◽  
Sensory Activities

This theoretical article aimed to constitute a review of the gestalt literature about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) produced in Brazil and to discuss practical possibilities of intervention based on Gestalt therapy. These proposals were designed in the context of a social welfare service that welcomes children and adolescents, with or without the diagnosis of ADHD. Thus, was necessary to articulate with the concept of extended clinic, supported by the field concept of Kurt Lewin. Was considered the contributions of Luciana Aguiar and Violet Oaklander, two important authors of gestalt psychotherapy with children, in Brasil and in the world, respectively. Among the results, there was the need for interventions at the institutional level (such as working within the institution's introjects and offering greater supervision and monitoring to these children) and individual (performing motor sensory activities aimed at the development of the protagonism through the possibility of to choose).

A Social Welfare Organizer in Sixteenth-Century New Spain: Don Vasco de Quiroga, First Bishop of Michoacán

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-86
Author(s):  
†M. M. Lacas
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
The World

No tourist who visits central Mexico will fail to pay a visit to the world-famous lake of Pátzcuaro. This beautiful and placid lake, with the several islands which dot its surface and the surrounding hills that frame it, formed, in olden times, the hub of the Michoacán Kingdom. Even today, it is the main habitat of the peaceloving Tarascan Indians who cluster around it and, partly at least, live on its abundant fish. An ancient author tells us that the word Michoacán means “fishing place,” and that the main occupation of the early Indians was the mild art of fishing, so opposed to the war-like activities of their neighbors to the east, the cruel Aztecs.

Web Application Quality

2003 ◽  
pp. 231-258
Author(s):  
Filippo Ricca ◽  
Paolo Tonella
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
The World ◽  
White Box Testing ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

The World Wide Web has become an interesting opportunity for companies to deliver services and products at distance. Correspondingly, the quality of Web applications, responsible for the related transactions, has become a crucial factor. It can be improved by properly modeling the application during its design, but if the whole life cycle is considered, the availability of a consistent model of the application is fundamental also during maintenance and testing. In this chapter, the problem of recovering a model of a Web application from the implementation is faced. Algorithms are provided to obtain it even in presence of a highly dynamic structure. Based upon such a model, several static analysis techniques, among which reaching definitions and slicing, are considered, as well as some restructuring techniques. White box testing exploits the model in that the related coverage levels are based on it, while statistical testing assumes that transitions in the model are labeled with the conditional probabilities of being traversed.

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