scholarly journals A Vulnerability Assessment in Scant Data Context: The Case of North Horr Sub-County

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velia Bigi ◽  
Alessandro Pezzoli ◽  
Elena Comino ◽  
Maurizio Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Nitrate Contamination ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Data Context

In Kenyan rural areas belonging to the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs), water quantity and water quality are major issues for the local population. In North Horr Sub-County water quality is threatened by nitrate contamination due to fecal matter pollution. This research, hence, aims at assessing the vulnerability of open shallow water sources to nitrate contamination due to fecal intrusion following flooding events and nitrate percolation in groundwater. The present research, indeed, provides, on one hand, new insights into the analysis of the vulnerability in a scant data context; on the other hand, it assesses the adaptation measures contained in the local development plan. Applying the reference definition of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the results demonstrate that the open shallow water sources in the northern part of the sub-county are more vulnerable to nitrate contamination. Furthermore, the consistency of the results proves the suitability of the methodology selected. Understanding the vulnerability at the local scale is key to planning risk-reduction strategies as well to increasing the local population’s knowledge about flood-related risks and water quality.

scholarly journals Acceptance and Potential of Renewable Energy Sources Based on Biomass in Rural Areas of Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2294
Author(s):  
Alexander Titov ◽  
György Kövér ◽  
Katalin Tóth ◽  
Géza Gelencsér ◽  
Bernadett Horváthné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Personal Factors

The main focus of the paper is the investigation of the social potential of local renewable energy utilization in a rural peripheral region in Hungary. Public acceptance of biomass-based renewable energy sources can be crucial for rural communities in realization of their sustainable development strategy. The research area was Koppany Valley Natur Park 2000, a microregion of 10 settlements located in the South Transdanubian region. This microregion is characterized by poor and depressive socioeconomic and demographical conditions, despite its significant natural resources. The microregion’s complex development strategy includes the utilization of local resources of renewable energy. Local population survey (n = 310) was conducted (in May 2018) on local biomass potential, knowledge, and attitudes of the local stakeholders in the microregion. Multinomial logistic regression model estimates the acceptance of population, explanatory variables are categorical demographical (personal) factors and specific factors (based on answers of respondents). Trust in local authorities, knowledge on biomass in general and on specific technologies, as well as the education level of rural inhabitants are significant factors in supporting biomass plant establishment. Further, the group and characteristics of acceptance groups that the local development strategy may consider were defined.

scholarly journals Gestion de la forêt tropicale en zone rurale: le transfert de technologies peut-il être le catalyseur de partenariats durables? | Management of tropical forests in rural areas: Can technology transfer really act as a catalyst for sustainable partnerships?

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Jean-Laurent Pfund ◽  
Pierre Kistler ◽  
Stefano Guidese
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local System ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Local Actors

This article discusses the necessary adaptation of improvement techniques to local rural requirements, based on two case studies on (i) a forest with high timber potential and (ii) a forest with high agricultural pressure. Results underline the importance of the exchange of information and communication networks as essential components of a dynamic development. In spite of fundamentally different forest management schemes, a number of analytical elements seem common in both cases studied (Congo Basin and Madagascar). According to these examples, one can see that the disabling factors arise,on the one hand, from classical problems of maladjustment to local conditions, and from deficiencies in the «tools» of information transmission and sustainability gaps, due to lack of support from the local population, on the other. Moreover, it is clear that a strategy needs to be adopted that grants the local system as much autonomy as possible. The strategy must satisfy the basic needs of the local population and also take the growing need for cash into account. The article concludes that the transfer of technologies can indeed quickly become a catalyst of sustainable partnerships in favorable conditions of local development, provided that the local beneficiaries of the transfer are identified in an equitable manner. At the same time, preceding and normally complementary measures are necessary to improve local competences and organization. The setting up of lasting relations with partners and their organisations is the key to reaching a consensus on the definition of objectives, as well as to regular relations that allow for adjustments to the system should complications arise. Responsibility for the sustainability of the system remains with the State, which co-ordinates activities as a whole, while dynamic impulses come more from the economic sector. In addition to setting up long-term partnerships the central concerns of the system include local know-how, the capabilities of assimilation and negotiation between the principal local actors and sound financial analysis.

scholarly journals Mapping Ground Water Access in Two Rural Communes of Burkina Faso

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Silvia Díaz-Alcaide ◽  
Wennegouda Jean-Pierre Sandwidi ◽  
Pedro Martínez-Santos ◽  
Miguel Martín-Loeches ◽  
José Luis Cáceres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Access ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Water Point ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Definition Of

Granting safe water access worldwide is a major objective of the Sustainable Development Goals. Water access is a manifold concept that encompasses collection time, distance from the household, water quality, affordability, and reliability of water sources, among other factors. GIS-based methods can be particularly useful in improving water access estimates, particularly in rural areas of developing countries. Based on an extensive water point database (n = 770), this paper explores the main challenges involved in mapping water access in two rural communes of Burkina Faso. Water access is estimated in terms of coverage per surface area. Coverage is filtered into four distinct categories of improved water sources, namely existing infrastructures, operational infrastructures, permanent infrastructures, and permanent infrastructures that provide safe water. The outcomes suggest that the study area is better endowed with water access than rural Burkina Faso and the remainder of the African continent, although there are important questions regarding groundwater quality. The outcomes highlight the conceptual differences between coverage and access, as well as some of the practical difficulties involved in estimating water access beyond standard ratios. The shortcomings include the absence of continuous monitoring of infrastructure functionality and water quality, as well as water affordability, among others. Enhancing national borehole databases with items aligned with the United Nations’ definition of water access is recommended.

scholarly journals Water, sanitation, and hygiene in healthcare centres: appraisal in a pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enovwo E. Odjegba ◽  
Abayomi O. Bankole ◽  
Barakat O. Layi-Adigun ◽  
Victoria O. Dada
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Health Staff ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Source Type ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Joint Monitoring

Abstract Assessment of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities in Primary Healthcare Centres (PHCs) and water source quality in parts of Southwestern Nigeria was conducted. Sixty-one PHCs in urban and rural areas were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A WASH profile of the PHCs was conducted based on the water source type, type of toilet facilities, and handwashing practice using the Joint Monitoring Programme service ladder for monitoring WASH services in healthcare facilities. Water sources were tested for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, turbidity, chloride, nitrate, and E. coli. Boreholes and hand-dug wells are the most prevalent water source type, and flush toilets and pit latrines are the major types of toilet facilities used. All but two PHCs engaged in handwashing practices. Water quality analysis results showed that chloride, nitrate, and turbidity were within the WHO drinking-water standards. Poor water quality and sanitation practices could expose health staff and patients to healthcare-associated infections. The study recommends the construction of safe, secure and accessible water sources and toilet facilities, provision of water treatment facilities, and the training of staff and patients on the significance of handwashing practices.

scholarly journals LOBO IBÉRICO Y TURISMO EN LA “ESPAÑA VACIADA” / / / \ \ \ IBERIAN WOLF AND TOURISM IN THE “EMPTIED RURAL SPAIN”

2020 ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Pablo Lora Bavo ◽  
Arsenio Villar Lama
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Nature Tourism ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
Iberian Wolf

Resumen. El presente estudio analiza la actividad turística de observación del lobo ibérico en España como alternativa a otras modalidades turísticas tradicionales en zonas rurales. La experiencia propia dentro del sector ha sido crucial para entender sus dinámicas y elaborar este trabajo. En él se estudia la tendencia al alza del turismo de naturaleza en general y de la observación del lobo ibérico en particular, se describe el modus operandi de la actividad y se exponen sus principales impactos. El turismo lobero propicia por lo general beneficios para la población local en términos económicos, ambientales y socioculturales. Su compatibilidad con el medio y las características intrínsecas de la actividad, muy ligadas a un turismo sostenible, fresco, offline, convierten a este sector en una interesante herramienta para revertir el vaciado demográfico, económico y social de algunas áreas de España.   Palabras clave: Lobo ibérico, turismo de observación de fauna salvaje, educación ambiental, desarrollo local, inteligencia territorial, España.   Abstract. The present study analyzes the tourist activity of observation of the Iberian wolf in Spain as an alternative to other traditional tourist modalities in rural areas. The own experience within the sector has been crucial to understand its dynamics and develop this work. It studies the upward trend of nature tourism in general and the observation of the Iberian wolf in particular, the modus operandi of the activity is described and its main impacts are exposed. Wolf tourism generally provides benefits for the local population in economic, environmental and socio-cultural terms. Its compatibility with the environment and the intrinsic characteristics of the activity closely linked to a sustainable, fresh and offline tourism turns this sector into an interesting tool to mitigate the demographic, economic and social emptying of some areas of Spain.   Key words: Iberian wolf, wildlife tourism, environmental education, local development, territorial intelligence, Spain.

scholarly journals Household Perceptions about Drinking Water Quality and Human Health: A Comparative Analysis of Urban and Rural Areas in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Zafar ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
Sarfraz Hassan ◽  
Khalid Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Waterborne Diseases

Public awareness about safe drinking water plays a significant role in household choices for drinking water sources and the prevention measures of water contamination. The present study was aimed to explore the awareness of households about groundwater quality and investigate the incidence of waterborne diseases in comparison with urban and rural households. Primary data were collected from 600 households by using the stratified random sampling technique. To analyze the outcomes descriptive and graphical approaches were used, however, to check the association between water sources and waterborne diseases bi-variate techniques were employed. It was found that the households belonging to urban localities were more aware about health risks associated with drinking water quality. Outcomes disclosed that on an average 48.8% of the household’s get affected from drinking water quality and face waterborne diseases, however, the incidence were greater (49.7%) in rural households compared to (48.0%) urban households. Findings also revealed that on an average 58.8% of the households suffered from belly pain and stomach problems and its incidence were 60.4% and 57.4% in rural and urban areas, respectively. Results disclosed that household’s income and medical expenditures were significantly associated with drinking water facility. It is suggested that the awareness about water quality should be disseminated among households in order to reduce the incidence of waterborne diseases.

Tourism awareness as a tourism development strategy: status of the issue

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Rosas-Jaco ◽  
S.X. Almeraya-Quintero ◽  
L.G. Guajardo-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Training Manual ◽  
Environmental Development ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Tourism has become the main engine of economic, social and environmental development in several countries, so promoting tourism awareness among tourists and the local population should be a priority. The present study aims to suggest a status of the research carried out on the topic of tourism awareness. Design / methodology / approach: The type of analysis is through a retrospective and exploratory bibliometric study. The analysis materials were scientific articles and a training manual published between 2000 and 2020, registered by Scopus, Emerald insight and Dialnet, using “tourism awareness” as the keyword. Results: When considering the three senses in which tourism awareness ought to operate, it is concluded that studies are more focused on the relationship and contact of the host community with the tourist. It is observed that four out of six articles in this sense consider that education, training, and government policies around tourism awareness should be developed in a better way in the destinations, in order to be an element that contributes to the development of communities and reduces poverty in developing countries. Study limitations / implications: It is considered a limitation not to include thesis dissertations. Findings / conclusions: It is necessary to make visible the importance of tourism awareness as a local development strategy for communities, in addition to including tourism awareness on the part of tourists.

scholarly journals Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Employment—The Case of the Wine Routes of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7164
Author(s):  
Guillermo Vázquez Vicente ◽  
Victor Martín Barroso ◽  
Francisco José Blanco Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Tourism has become a priority in national and regional development policies and is considered a source of economic growth, particularly in rural areas. Nowadays, wine tourism is an important form of tourism and has become a local development tool for rural areas. Regional tourism development studies based on wine tourism have a long history in several countries such as the US and Australia, but are more recent in Europe. Although Spain is a leading country in the tourism industry, with an enormous wine-growing tradition, the literature examining the economic impact of wine tourism in Spanish economy is scarce. In an attempt to fill this gap, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of wine tourism on economic growth and employment in Spain. More specifically, by applying panel data techniques, we study the economic impact of tourism in nine Spanish wine routes in the period from 2008 to 2018. Our results suggest that tourism in these wine routes had a positive effect on economic growth. However, we do not find clear evidence of a positive effect on employment generation.

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