COVID-19, Storms, and Floods: Impacts of Tropical Storm Cristobal in the Western Sector of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

The presence of extreme hydrometeorological threats has co-occurred with the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing the potential risk of a disaster scenario occurring. The hurricane “Cristobal”, which impacted Mexico’s tropical regions, presented a high risk of contagion and death caused by the combined effects of violent winds, floods, and evacuations. This work aims to determine whether the presence of concurrent events during the pandemic caused an increase in confirmed positive COVID-19 cases in the Yucatan Peninsula’s western sector. To achieve this, a numerical analysis and identification of the tropical storm’s extreme characteristics were conducted. Next, a combined analysis of the territorial system subject to flooding and the rainfall level reported during the emergency period was conducted at the municipal level. The third phase consisted of analyzing the confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 at the municipal level on four strategic dates (before, during, observation, and end of the emergency period). Finally, a content analysis of the emergency bulletins, action guides, and disaster declarations was carried out to identify the measures and adaptations implemented during the pandemic. It is recognized that emergency management measures were implemented for municipalities with more than 30 confirmed positive cases of COVID-19 and where the shelter capacity was reduced. Protocols for caring for people were followed, these being one of the leading adaptive methods. From the analyzed data, it can be pointed out that there is no direct evidence for an increase in positive COVID-19 cases in 10 of the municipalities. However, in the case of the municipality of Escarcega, there was a sudden increase in cases from June 8, which continues to grow. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen the study of multiple events to recognize the actions that can prevent catastrophes in these times of crisis.

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DEA Analysis of Municipal Hospital Services and Scale After Hierarchical Medical Treatment Policy Was Implemented in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42092/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Li ◽

Yuzhu Wang ◽

Yongqiang Zhao

Keyword(s):

Gansu Province ◽

Scientific Management ◽

Management Tools ◽

Hospital Administrators ◽

Hospital Managers ◽

Slack Variables ◽

Management Measures ◽

Management Concepts ◽

Dea Analysis ◽

Municipal Level

Abstract Background: We aimed to provide decision basis for optimizing resource allocation by hospital administrators in China.Methods: The samples were 18 municipal TCM hospitals of all public TCM hospitals of Gansu province in 2017. The BCC DEA model was employed to evaluate the relative efficiency of hospital operation. The slack variables in non DEA effective hospitals were employed to give the guidance how to achieve to the DEA effective.Results: Firstly, the demands for medical services kept surging will lead to the scale return of most municipal-level TCM hospitals tend to the stable although part of it appear the decline or increase in return scale. Therefore, these municipal-level TCM hospitals should further pay attention to make full use of existing resources. Secondly, some municipal-level TCM hospitals with decline in return scale or increase in return scale should adopt different management measures for different situations, which in details in results and discussions sections.Conclusion: After the implementation of healthcare policy such as graded diagnosis and treatment, hospital managers should learn advanced management concepts, use scientific management tools and software, carry out closed-loop management, make constant adjustments according to evaluation indicators, reduce management costs, and ensure the vitality of hospital operation.

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Development of wild Atlantic salmon stocks in the rivers of the northern Baltic Sea in response to management measures

ICES Journal of Marine Science ◽

10.1016/s1054-3139(03)00020-1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 329-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

A Romakkaniemi ◽

I Perä ◽

L Karlsson ◽

E Jutila ◽

U Carlsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Large Scale ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Reproductive Capacity ◽

Positive Development ◽

Sudden Increase ◽

Natural Factors ◽

Management Measures ◽

Specific Management

Abstract Since 1980, the abundance of wild Atlantic salmon has been monitored by means of catch records, adult counts, electrofishing and smolt trapping in six rivers flowing into the northern Baltic Sea. River abundance (spawners, parr and smolts) was compared with implemented large-scale and river-specific management measures and with natural factors potentially affecting abundance. Since the 1980s, the wild stocks have recovered in a synchronous cyclical pattern. The recovery occurred mainly in two jumps, first a sudden increase dating back to around 1990 and a second sharp rise in the late 1990s. River abundance of young salmon commonly rose about 10-fold and approached the previously estimated production capacity in some of the rivers. This positive development may be explained by a decline in fishing pressure together with covarying natural factors influencing survival and growth. The offshore fishery started to decline at the time of the first increase, while the reduction in the total allowable catches together with seasonal restrictions on the coastal fishery strengthened the second increase. Improved natural conditions seem to have increased both survival and escapement during the first rise. Spawners producing the second rise were the offspring of the spawners of the first rise. The outbreak of the M74 mortality syndrome among alevins reduced the abundance of several year-classes that hatched during the first half of the 1990s. In most rivers, the fraction of older and female fish in the spawning run has increased over the period, thereby increasing the reproductive capacity of the populations. No distinct effects of variations in river-specific management regimes were observed. Instead, the results emphasize the role of fisheries management in the open sea as well as in coastal waters, and also of non-human factors in controlling overall abundance of wild salmon in northern Baltic rivers.

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Precipitation of NiHfsi phase in NiAl single crystals containing Hf

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100139032 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 532-533

Author(s):

A. Garg ◽

R. D. Noebe ◽

R. Darolia

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Single Crystals ◽

High Temperature Strength ◽

Bridgman Technique ◽

Shell Mold ◽

Third Phase ◽

Unknown Phase ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Two Phases ◽

Nial Matrix

Small additions of Hf to NiAl produce a significant increase in the high-temperature strength of single crystals. Hf has a very limited solubility in NiAl and in the presence of Si, results in a high density of G-phase (Ni16Hf6Si7) cuboidal precipitates and some G-platelets in a NiAl matrix. These precipitates have a F.C.C structure and nucleate on {100}NiAl planes with almost perfect coherency and a cube-on-cube orientation-relationship (O.R.). However, G-phase is metastable and after prolonged aging at high temperature dissolves at the expense of a more stable Heusler (β'-Ni2AlHf) phase. In addition to these two phases, a third phase was shown to be present in a NiAl-0.3at. % Hf alloy, but was not previously identified (Fig. 4 of ref. 2 ). In this work, we report the morphology, crystal-structure, O.R., and stability of this unknown phase, which were determined using conventional and analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Single crystals of NiAl containing 0.5at. % Hf were grown by a Bridgman technique. Chemical analysis indicated that these crystals also contained Si, which was not an intentional alloying addition but was picked up from the shell mold during directional solidification.

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Soziale Disziplinierung im flexiblen Kapitalismus

PROKLA Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft ◽

10.32387/prokla.v34i136.619 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (136) ◽

pp. 339-356

Author(s):

Tobias Wölfle ◽

Oliver Schöller

Keyword(s):

Social Welfare ◽

Second Step ◽

Social Rights ◽

Federal Law ◽

Capitalist Development ◽

The Core ◽

The Past ◽

The Impact ◽

Municipal Level

Under the term “Hilfe zur Arbeit” (aid for work) the federal law of social welfare subsumes all kinds of labour disciplining instruments. First, the paper shows the historical connection of welfare and labour disciplining mechanisms in the context of different periods within capitalist development. In a second step, against the background of historical experiences, we will analyse the trends of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” during the past two decades. It will be shown that by the rise of unemployment, the impact of labour disciplining aspects of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” has increased both on the federal and on the municipal level. For this reason the leverage of the liberal paradigm would take place even in the core of social rights.

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Assessment of the state and level of development of public-private partnership projects in the subjects of the Russian Federation

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2018-7-131-141 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 131-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. N. Savrukov ◽

N. T. Savrukov ◽

E. A. Kozlovskaya

Keyword(s):

Detailed Analysis ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Private Partnership ◽

Current State ◽

Central Regions ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Project Data ◽

Municipal Level

The article analyzes the current state and level of development of publicprivate partnership (PPP) projects in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The authors conclude that a significant proportion of projects is implemented on a concession basis at the municipal level in the communal sphere. A detailed analysis of the project data showed that the structure of the projects is deformed in favor of the central regions of the Russian Federation, and a significant share in the total amount of financing falls on the transport sector. At the stage of assessing the level of development by the subjects of the Russian Federation, criteria were proposed, and index and integral indicators were used, which ensured comparability of the estimates obtained. At the end of the analysis, the regions were ranked and clustered according to the level of PPP development, which allowed to reveal the number and structure of leaders and outsiders.

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Characterization of Microcrystalline Transition from Amorphous Silicon as a Function of Hydrogen Dilution and Substrate Temperature of Hot-wire CVD

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-715-a17.2 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 715 ◽

Author(s):

Keda Wang ◽

Haoyue Zhang ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

Jessica M. Owens ◽

Jennifer Weinberg-Wolf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substrate Temperature ◽

Sudden Change ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Ir Absorption ◽

Sudden Increase ◽

Hot Wire ◽

Hydrogen Dilution ◽

Integral Absorption ◽

Two Peaks

Abstracta-Si:H films were prepared by hot wire chemical vapor deposition. One group was deposited at a substrate temperature of Ts=250°C with varied hydrogen-dilution ratio, 0<R<10; the other group was deposited with fixed R=3 but a varied Ts from 150 to 550°C. IR, Raman and PL spectra were studied. The Raman results indicate that there is a threshold value for the microstructure transition from a- to μc-Si. The threshold is found to be R ≈ 2 at Ts = 250°C and Ts ≈ 200°C at R=3. The IR absorption of Si-H at 640 cm-1 was used to calculate the hydrogen content, CH. CH decreased monotonically when either R or Ts increased. The Si-H stretching mode contains two peaks at 2000 and 2090 cm-1. The ratio of the integral absorption peaks I2090/(I2090+I2090) showed a sudden increase at the threshold of microcrystallinity. At the same threshold, the PL features also indicate a sudden change from a- to μc-Si., i.e. the low energy PL band becomes dominant and the PL total intensity decreases. We attribute the above IR and PL changes to the contribution of microcrystallinity, especially the c-Si gain-boundaries.

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ESTIMATION OF RAIN FADE DURATIONS ON COMMUNICATION LINKS AT Ka BAND IN EQUATORIAL AND TROPICAL REGIONS

Telecommunications and Radio Engineering ◽

10.1615/telecomradeng.v79.i2.50 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 129-141

Author(s):

M. E. Sanyaolu ◽

Oluropo F. Dairo ◽

A. A. Willoughby ◽

L. B. Kolawole

Keyword(s):

Ka Band ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Communication Links

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PENERAPAN MODEL QUANTUM LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR AUTOCAD SISWA KELAS X TEKNIK PEMESINAN SMK NEGERI 1 STABAT

Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan (JTP) ◽

10.24114/jtp.v5i1.509 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdul Hasan Saragih

Keyword(s):

Positive Response ◽

Phase 1 ◽

First Grade ◽

Learning Model ◽

Second Phase ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Phase 3 ◽

The Third ◽

Third Phase ◽

Quantum Learning

This classroom research was conducted on the autocad instructions to the first grade of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat aiming at : (1) improving the student’ archievementon autocad instructional to the student of mechinary architecture class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, (2) applying Quantum Learning Model to the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, arising the positive response to autocad subject by applying Quantum Learning Model of the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. The result shows that (1) by applying quantum learning model, the students’ achievement improves significantly. The improvement ofthe achievement of the 34 students is very satisfactory; on the first phase, 27 students passed (70.59%), 10 students failed (29.41%). On the second phase 27 students (79.41%) passed and 7 students (20.59%) failed. On the third phase 30 students (88.24%) passed and 4 students (11.76%) failed. The application of quantum learning model in SMK Negeri 1 Stabat proved satisfying. This was visible from the activeness of the students from phase 1 to 3. The activeness average of the students was 74.31% on phase 1,81.35% on phase 2, and 83.63% on phase 3. (3) The application of the quantum learning model on teaching autocad was very positively welcome by the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. On phase 1 the improvement was 81.53% . It improved to 86.15% on phase 3. Therefore, The improvement ofstudent’ response can be categorized good.

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