scholarly journals Industrial Animal Farming and Zoonotic Risk: COVID-19 as a Gateway to Sustainable Change? A Scoping Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9251
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Brozek ◽  
Christof Falkenberg
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Sustainable Change ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Animal Farming ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Societal Actors

The threat of zoonoses (i.e., human infectious diseases transmitted from animals) because of industrial animal farming may be receiving less attention in society due to the putative wildlife origin of COVID-19. To identify societal responses to COVID-19 that do address or affect the risk of future zoonoses associated with industrial animal farming, the literature was screened for measures, actions, proposals and attitudes following the guidelines of a scoping review. Forty-one articles with relevant information published between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2021 were identified directly or indirectly via bibliographies from 138 records retrieved via Google Scholar. Analysis of relevant content revealed ten fields of policy action amongst which biosecurity and change in dietary habits were the dominant topics. Further searches for relevant records within each field of policy action retrieved another eight articles. Identified responses were furthermore classified and evaluated according to groups of societal actors, implying different modes of regulation and governance. Based on the results, a suggested policy strategy is presented for moving away from food production in factory farms and supporting sustainable farming, involving the introduction of a tax on the demand side and subsidies for the development and production of alternative meat.

scholarly journals Avoidable Blood Loss in Critical Care and Patient Blood Management: Scoping Review of Diagnostic Blood Loss

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Philipp Helmer ◽  
Sebastian Hottenrott ◽  
Andreas Steinisch ◽  
Daniel Röder ◽  
Jörg Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Patient Blood Management ◽  
Blood Management ◽  
Intensive Care Patients ◽  
Blood Collection Tubes

Background: Anemia remains one of the most common comorbidities in intensive care patients worldwide. The cause of anemia is often multifactorial and triggered by underlying disease, comorbidities, and iatrogenic factors, such as diagnostic phlebotomies. As anemia is associated with a worse outcome, especially in intensive care patients, unnecessary iatrogenic blood loss must be avoided. Therefore, this scoping review addresses the amount of blood loss during routine phlebotomies in adult (>17 years) intensive care patients and whether there are factors that need to be improved in terms of patient blood management (PBM). Methods: A systematic search of the Medline Database via PubMed was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The reported daily blood volume for diagnostics and other relevant information from eligible studies were charted. Results: A total of 2167 studies were identified in our search, of which 38 studies met the inclusion criteria (9 interventional studies and 29 observational studies). The majority of the studies were conducted in the US (37%) and Canada (13%). An increasing interest to reduce iatrogenic blood loss has been observed since 2015. Phlebotomized blood volume per patient per day was up to 377 mL. All interventional trials showed that the use of pediatric-sized blood collection tubes can significantly reduce the daily amount of blood drawn. Conclusion: Iatrogenic blood loss for diagnostic purposes contributes significantly to the development and exacerbation of hospital-acquired anemia. Therefore, a comprehensive PBM in intensive care is urgently needed to reduce avoidable blood loss, including blood-sparing techniques, regular advanced training, and small-volume blood collection tubes.

La percezione della qualitŕ dei prodotti tipici da parte del consumatore in Sicilia

2012 ◽  
pp. 143-172
Author(s):  
Gaetano Chinnici ◽  
Biagio Pecorino ◽  
Alessandro Scuderi
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
National Level ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Farm Produce ◽  
The Common ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Increasing Demand

The common agricultural policy over the years has expanded the tools of promotion and protection of farm produce quality. At the national level but also from Europe we are witnessing a change in consumer behavior: they become more and more relevant information needs, safety and food security, increasing demand for quality products and the willingness to pay for those products that meet consumer expectations. The paper focuses on the perceived quality of local products in order to identify those variables that influence purchasing decisions and dietary habits and consumer group. The survey was conducted using a principal components analysis to summarize the information that characterizes the choices of consumption, followed by cluster analysis which allowed us to confirm the presence of different segments of consumers of local products.

scholarly journals The Association between Chronotype and Dietary Pattern among Adults: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatin Hanani Mazri ◽  
Zahara Abdul Manaf ◽  
Suzana Shahar ◽  
Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cross Sectional

Chronotype reflects an individual’s preferred time of the day for an activity/rest cycle and individuals can be classified as a morning, intermediate, or evening type. A growing number of studies have examined the relationship between chronotype and general health. This review aimed to map current evidence of the association between chronotype and dietary intake among the adult population. A systematic search was conducted across five databases: EBSCO Host, Medline & Ovid, Pubmed, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria were adult subjects (more than 18 years old), and included an assessment of (i) chronotype, (ii) dietary behaviour/nutrient intake/food group intake, and (iii) an analysis of the association between chronotype and dietary behaviour/nutrient intake/food group intake. A total of 36 studies were included in the review. This review incorporated studies from various study designs, however, the majority of these studies were based on a cross-sectional design (n = 29). Dietary outcomes were categorized into three main groups, namely dietary behaviour, nutrient intake, and specific food group intake. This scoping review demonstrates that evening-type individuals are mostly engaged with unhealthy dietary habits related to obesity and were thus hampered in the case of weight loss interventions. Hence, this review has identified several dietary aspects that can be addressed in the development of a personalised chrono-nutrition weight loss intervention.

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of The Efficacy of Virtual Reality and Exergaming on Patients of Musculoskeletal System Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ting Lin ◽  
Yen-I Li ◽  
Wen-Pin Hu ◽  
Chun-Cheng Huang ◽  
Yi-Chun Du
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders

To assess the effects of virtual reality on patients with musculoskeletal disorders by means of a scoping review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The databases included PubMed, IEEE, and the MEDLINE database. Articles involving RCTs with higher than five points on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale were reviewed for suitability and inclusion. The methodological quality of the included RCT was evaluated using the PEDro scale. The three reviewers extracted relevant information from the included studies. Fourteen RCT articles were included. When compared with simple usual care or other forms of treatment, there was significant pain relief, increased functional capacity, reduced symptoms of the disorder, and increased joint angles for the virtual reality treatment of chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, burn patients with acute pain were able to experience a significant therapeutic effect on pain relief. However, virtual reality treatment of patients with non-chronic pain such as total knee replacement, ankle sprains, as well as those who went through very short virtual reality treatments, did not show a significant difference in parameters, as compared with simple usual care and other forms of treatment. Current evidence supports VR treatment as having a significant effect on pain relief, increased joint mobility, or motor function of patients with chronic musculoskeletal disorders. VR seems quite effective in relieving the pain of patients with acute burns as well.

scholarly journals Lower-Body Positive Pressure Treadmill Training for Pediatric Gait Disorders: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Yosra Cherni ◽  
Léandre Gagné-Pelletier ◽  
Laurent Bouyer ◽  
Catherine Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Lower Body Positive Pressure ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the literature on the use of anti-gravity treadmills and its effects on lower-limb motor functions in children and adolescents with locomotor impairments. Method: Four databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science) were searched for articles from inception to August 2021. Inclusion criteria were: (1) experimental or quasi-experimental studies using anti-gravity training as the primary intervention; (2) studies conducted in pediatric participants; (3) articles reporting outcomes related to lower-limb functions; and (4) studies published in French or English. Results: Fifteen articles were included in the review. Studies included children and adolescents aged 4–18 years with locomotor impairments. Intervention duration ranged from 2 to 12 weeks, with 2–5 sessions per week. Included studies reported that anti-gravity training induces improvements in muscle strength, balance, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and walking endurance in children with locomotor impairments. Conclusion: This review provides relevant information about interventions, outcomes and limits associated with anti-gravity training in pediatrics. Overall, anti-gravity treadmill training could be viewed as a valuable training modality, specifically for children with cerebral palsy. However, a more precise and comprehensive description of anti-gravity training protocols would be useful.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Historis dan Perspektif Pengembangan Kelembagaan Irigasi di Era Otonomi Daerah

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
NFN Saptana ◽  
NFN Hendiarto ◽  
NFN Sunarsih ◽  
NFN Sumaryanto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Resources Management

<p><strong>English<br /></strong>The primer mover of agriculture development consist of four factors, which are natural resources, human resource, technology, and institution. It is predicted that improvement of both food production and farm income will be driven by the following pressure factors: (1) The implication of globalization and liberalization, as well as international community coersion on environmental aspects; (2) The more limited of government expenditure, (3) The increase of natural resources scarcity and its degradtion, and (4) The launching of autonomy and its implication on decentralization of development. Historically, natural resources management has been managed partially through centralistic and top-down style. Deal with water resources management, the approach affected malfunction of local institution, the out comes was ineficient irrigation. Irrigation should be managed simultaneously both on supply and demand side. Refer to empirical studies it was convenient that enhancement of demand side management will increase food production and farm income significantly. It is useful to review irrigation performance, especially focused on institutional aspects.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Ada empat faktor penggerak utama dalam pembangunan pertanian, yaitu sumberdaya alam, sumberdaya manusia, teknologi, dan kelembagaan. Upaya peningkatan produksi pangan dan pendapatan petani di hadapkan pada arus globalisasi ekonomi, pelestarian lingkungan, anggaran pembangunan yang terbatas, kelangkaan sumberdaya dan pelaksanaan otonomi daerah. Secara historis pengelolaan sumberdaya alam dengan pendekatan sentralistik (top down) telah berdampak pada memudarnya kelembagaan lokal dan inefisiensi pengelolaan sumberdaya alam dan air. Secara teoritis, pengelolaan air irigasi yang efisien membutuhkan pendekatan simultan yakni dari penyediaan air(supply management) dan dari sisi pemanfaatan (demand management). Secara empiris, pendekatan dari sisi pemanfaatan masih sangat membutuhkan perbaikan mempunyai peluang yang besar untuk dapat memberikan  kontribusi yang nyata dalam peningkatan produksi pangan dan pendapatan petani. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan tinjauan historis kelembagaan irigasi, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja kelembagaan irigasi, menarik benang merah yang merupakan simpul-simpul kritis dalam pengembangan kelembagaan irigasi, dan merumuskan pengembangan kelembagaan irigasi di era otonomi daerah.</p>

scholarly journals Habits of Food Consumers in the Post COVID Era

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
María Aránzazu Sulé Alonso ◽  
Tea Rushit ◽  
Elvira Delgado-Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Impact

Humankind has faced various pandemics in history. The food supply chain is one of the foremost vital sectors of the economy, and COVID-19 has had a clear bearing on it from the field to the consumer. In the light of recent challenges in the food supply chain, there is currently considerable concern regarding food production, processing, distribution, and demand. COVID-19 resulted in the movement restrictions of staff, changes in the demands of consumers, closure of food production facilities, restrictive food trade policies, and monetary pressures in the food supply chain.&nbsp; This study describes the impact of the COVID-19 health crisis on people&rsquo;s interests, opinions, and behaviour towards food. Additionally, an online questionnaire (Spanish population, n&nbsp;=&nbsp;232) studied the changes in food shopping habits during the pandemic. To try to cover the whole L&eacute;on territory and reach the greatest number of persons through mobile phones, tablets, and computers, the questionnaire was created using the Google Forms tool and distributed using instant messaging apps such as WhatsApp, social media such as Facebook and Twitter, social networking sites such as LinkedIn and ResearchGate, and email through snowball sampling. The statistical analysis was carried out under the SPSS programme. The results are presented in the form of means and distributions. The differences between subgroups have been evaluated using student&rsquo;s t-test. The level of statistical significance used in all cases was p &lt; 0.05. This study is focused on evaluating changes in food consumption habits of the Spanish adult population throughout the COVID-19 lockdown. The study is supported by a web-based survey targeting the adult general population. From this study, we are able to conclude that the studied Spanish adult population is extremely close to from having good healthy dietary habits, considering the Mediterranean Diet as a reference of healthy uptake. An improvement of dietary behaviours throughout the COVID-19 confinement has been discovered. Health-related food selections involved increased intake of fruits, vegetables, and legumes and decreased intake of red meat, alcohol, fried foods, or pastries compared to their pre-pandemic habits.

scholarly journals Exploring the comorbidity of musculoskeletal and personality disorders among adults: a scoping review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shae E. Quirk ◽  
Heli Koivumaa-Honkanen ◽  
Risto Honkanen ◽  
Jeremi Heikkinen ◽  
Bianca E. Kavanagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background Separately, mental and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are prevalent across the life course and are leading contributors to disability worldwide. While people with personality disorder (PD) have been shown to have an increased risk of certain physical health comorbidities—associations with MSDs have not been thoroughly explored. The proposed scoping review aims to explore the existing clinical- and population-based literature on the comorbidity of PD and MSDs among adults ≥ 18 years and the burden associated with their comorbidity, identify knowledge gaps on this topic, and propose recommendations for future research. Methods This protocol describes the methodology to undertake the scoping review. It is guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the extensions recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. A comprehensive search strategy will be used to identify relevant articles, which will be underpinned by Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) inclusion criteria. One author will perform the search and two authors will independently screen titles/abstracts followed by a full-text review for articles considered relevant. The supervising author will confirm the final selection of articles to be included. One author will extract relevant information from the articles using a predetermined charting form, while a second will perform validation of all information entered. Discussion Information will be synthesised to inform a discussion of what is known regarding associations between PD and MSDs, and the burden associated with their comorbidity in different contexts, with future research directions proposed. Systematic review registration This protocol is registered in Open Science Framework Registries (https://osf.io/mxbr2/).

scholarly journals Socioeconomic settings and food consumption patterns of 2–5-year-old children in developed countries: a scoping review

FACETS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1495-1509
Author(s):  
Se’era May Anstruther ◽  
Erin Barbour-Tuck ◽  
Hassan Vatanparast
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Inclusion Criteria

Introduction: Early childhood overweight and obesity, as a result of unhealthy dietary habits and sedentary life, is a growing global public health concern, particularly in Canada. There are limited data on how socioeconomic factors influence dietary habits of young children living in developed countries. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to examine the existing literature on how socioeconomic settings influence food consumption patterns of children 2–5 years old in developed countries. The inclusion criteria were relevant articles in the English language between 2007 and 2019. Results: From the initial 1854 articles, only 12 articles from Europe, Canada, and the United States met the inclusion criteria. There are differences in eating patterns of preschool-aged children based on parental education, whereas income level did not have a clear influence on dietary patterns. The existing studies suffer from a variety of limitations that limit a cohesive conclusion. Conclusion: Studies with children 2–5 years old are scarce. Parental education seems to influence the dietary habits of young children, whereas the role of income is not clear. There is a need for further high-quality research, preferably longitudinal studies, to inform health promotion initiatives and preventive strategies to facilitate healthy growth and development in young children.

Factors Influencing the Implementation of Nutrition Policies in Schools: A Scoping Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie-Lee D. McIsaac ◽  
Rebecca Spencer ◽  
Kaleigh Chiasson ◽  
Julia Kontak ◽  
Sara F. L. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Local System ◽  
School Nutrition ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Childhood Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Policies ◽  
Common Purpose ◽  
Healthy Food Access

Background. Although school nutrition policies (SNPs) have been highlighted as an important intervention to support childhood nutrition, their implementation and maintenance within real-word settings is complex. There is a need to understand the factors that influence implementation by consolidating existing research and identifying commonalities and differences. Aims. The purpose of this review is to determine what is known about the influence of broad and local system factors on the implementation of SNPs internationally. Method. This scoping review involved identifying and selecting relevant literature that related SNP implementation in primary and secondary schools. Following the search process, 2,368 articles were screened and 59 articles were synthesized and charted and emerging themes were identified. Results. Across the final studies identified, factors emerged as barriers and facilitators to the implementation of SNPs, with system implications that related to five areas to support policy action: providing macro-level support may encourage policy implementation; addressing the financial implications of healthy food access; aligning nutrition and core school priorities; developing a common purpose and responsibility among stakeholders; recognition of school and community characteristics. Discussion. While SNPs can help to support childhood nutrition, strategies to address issues related to policy implementation need to be taken to help schools overcome persistent challenges. Conclusion. The results of this review provide opportunities for action across multiple system levels to ensure synergy and coordinated action toward SNP goals to foster the creation supportive nutrition environments for children.

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