scholarly journals Valorification of Ulva rigida Algae in Pulp and Paper Industry for Improved Paper Characteristics and Wastewater Heavy Metal Filtration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10763
Author(s):  
Florina-Cristiana Caprita ◽  
Antoaneta Ene ◽  
Alina Cantaragiu Ceoromila
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
Ulva Rigida ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Wastewater Filtration ◽  
Breaking Length

This paper presents preliminary results on the possibility of incorporating stranded macroalgae into the papermaking process; analyses of the physical-mechanical properties of filter paper, with the addition of stranded macrophytic marine algae from Ulva rigida species obtained previously; results of SEM–EDX analyses of filter paper samples; and results obtained from the filtration of a wastewater from the metallurgical industry, using the improved filter paper samples. In the filter paper recipe, stranded macrophytic seaweed of the species Ulva rigida was added at different percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%, and the addition was calculated in relation to the absolute dry material. The physicomechanical properties analyzed are grammage, thickness, density, moisture, ash content, breaking load, breaking length, tear resistance, bursting resistance, folding endurance, porosity, smoothness, water absorption and Cobb60 index. Additional information related to the homogeneity of the distribution of elements in the paper mass was obtained by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX). The addition of macroalgae to the paper mass improved the strength characteristics of the paper, such as breaking load, breaking length, tearing resistance, folding endurance and water absorption. Following industrial wastewater filtration using filter paper with added seaweed, positive results were obtained in terms of reduction of total Cr, Cu, total Fe and Zn concentrations.

Treatment system response to transient AOX (adsorbable organic halogen) loadings

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
D. A. Barton ◽  
J. D. Woodruff ◽  
T. M. Bousquet ◽  
A. M. Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
System Response ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Organic Halogen ◽  
Aox Removal ◽  
Variable Operating Conditions ◽  
Plant Shutdown

If promulgated as proposed, effluent guidelines for the U.S. pulp and paper industry will impose average monthly and maximum daily numerical limits of discharged AOX (adsorbable organic halogen). At this time, it is unclear whether the maximum-day variability factor used to establish the proposed effluent guidelines will provide sufficient margin for mills to achieve compliance during periods of normal but variable operating conditions within the pulping and bleaching processes. Consequently, additional information is needed to relate transient AOX loadings with final AOX discharges. This paper presents a simplistic dynamic model of AOX decay during treatment. The model consists of hydraulic characterization of an activated sludge process and a first-order decay coefficient for AOX removal. Data for model development were acquired by frequent collection of influent and effluent samples at a bleach kraft mill during a bleach plant shutdown and startup sequence.

Accelerated Aging of Deacidified and Untreated Book Paper in 1967 Compared with 52 Years of Natural Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-152
Author(s):  
Tali H. Horst ◽  
Richard D. Smith ◽  
Antje Potthast ◽  
Martin A. Hubbe
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Surface Ph ◽  
Room Temperature Storage ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Endurance Tests ◽  
Breaking Length ◽  
Temperature Storage

AbstractThree copies of a book that had been optionally deacidified using two different procedures in 1967, and then subjected to accelerated aging, were tested again after 52 years of natural aging. Matched copies of the book Cooking the Greek Way, which had been printed in Czechoslovakia on acidic paper, were evaluated. Nonaqueous treatment of two of the copies with magnesium methoxide dissolved in chlorofluorocarbon solvent had been found in 1967 to have decreased the susceptibility to embrittlement, as evidenced by the results of the accelerated aging, followed by folding endurance tests. Retesting of the same books in 2019, after 52 years of room temperature storage, showed that the deacidification treatments had achieved the following benefits in comparison to the untreated book: (a) higher brightness; (b) higher folding endurance; (c) tensile breaking length higher in the cross-direction of the paper; (d) substantial alkaline reserve content, (e) an alkaline surface pH in the range 7.1–7.4, and (f) higher molecular mass of the cellulose. Remarkably, some of the folding endurance results matched those of unaged samples evaluated in 1967. Scanning electron micrographs showed no differences between the treated and untreated books.

A Preliminary Study on the Effect of WEC Cleaner Papermaking Chemical on the Improvement of Paper Physical Strength

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Yong Qiang Zhu ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Ping Cao ◽  
Zhan Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Wood Pulp ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Preliminary Study

In this paper, the stiffness and folding endurance of the paper were investigated with three kinds of pulp, such as the mechanical wood pulp, chemical pulp and composite pulp, after using common additives and cleaning additives. The results indicated that the stiffness of the paper can be increased by 20% ~ 30% and folding endurance can improve 20% ~ 60% after using new kind of cleaning additives no matter what kind of filler. New cleaning additives can not only improve the physical properties of paper, but also change "acidic papermaking" of the traditional paper industry into clean neutral papermaking environment. Especially, it is suitable for the production of food card paper.

scholarly journals FURANIUM COMPOSITE MATERIAL BASED ON TALL OIL AND ITS FATTY ACIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Oleg E. Nasakin ◽  
Pavel A. Egorov ◽  
Alevtina A. Sazanova ◽  
Elvira N. Shalfeeva ◽  
Svetlana Yu. Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Polymer Composite Material ◽  
Tall Oil ◽  
Oil Additives ◽  
Tall Oil Fatty Acids

A new polymer composite material based on furfural-acetone monomer, crude tall oil and its fatty acids, which are waste from the pulp and paper industry, was obtained. In this paper, the effect of crude tall oil and its fatty acids on furfural-acetone monomer binder in a composite material is considered. The composition for the composite material, consisting of FA monomer, filler and catalyst p-toluenesulfonic acid, was modified with crude tall oil additives or tall oil fatty acids. It was shown that the compressive strength of composite samples after 30-day exposure at room temperature, obtained with a reduced amount of furfural-acetone monomer and the introduction of 100% fatty acids of tall oil from the furfural-acetone monomer content, increases by 37%, with the introduction of 150% fatty acids of tall oil, the strength increases slightly - by 1.5%, but the density increases significantly and water absorption decreases with respect to the standard sample. Additives of crude tall oil (up to 150% of furfural-acetone monomer) lead to an increase in density, a decrease in water absorption - by 84%, but reduce the compressive strength of samples by 12%. The improvement in the physicochemical properties of the composite material was explained by the alleged chemical interaction of tall oil fatty acids with mono- and difurfurilideneneacetone (furfural-acetone monomer), which takes place with the formation of new polymers. This is confirmed by DTA data, chromatograms of the furfural-acetone monomer - fatty acids of tall oil (TLC) mixture, and IR spectra. The use of fatty acids of tall oil or crude tall oil, non-expensive, non-toxic products of natural origin in the composite material, can reduce the consumption rates of furfural-acetone monomer and improve the quality of the polymer.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPOSITIONAL MODIFIER FOR MODIFICATION OF WOOD BY SPECIFIED PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Aleksey Aksenov ◽  
Sergey Malyukov ◽  
A. Solntsev
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Friction Units ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Impregnated Wood ◽  
Modified Wood

In recent years, the production of modified wood has been actively developing abroad. This article discusses the composition of a complex modifier for modified wood, which will improve the performance of friction units with bearings made of modified wood by reducing intermolecular interactions between contacting bodies, increase dimensional stability and hardness of modified wood, and will also comply with environmental requirements. The density of the liquid components of the impregnating compositions was determined. The number of components necessary for the preparation of impregnating compositions was calculated. The impregnation technology is as follows: the impregnating composition is poured into a tin can, heated on an electric stove to 120 0C. Prepared (dried, weighed, measured on three sides and marked) samples of 15 pieces in each impregnating composition are immersed in a hot impregnating solution. Tin cans with samples are placed in a pre-heated autoclave, closed, and brought to a pressure of 40 atm. At this pressure, the samples are kept for 5 minutes. Then the pressure is brought to atmospheric pressure, the samples are removed, dried with filter paper and placed in a desiccator for cooling to a temperature of 20 ± 2 0С. After cooling, the samples are weighed on an analytical balance to the nearest 0.002 g and the three sides of the sample are measured with a caliper. The quality of impregnation of the samples was determined. Water absorption, moisture absorption, linear swelling of the samples of impregnated wood were determined.

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF CHITOSAN- SULFATHIAZOLE FILMS WITH POTENTIAL BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
Dilyana Zvezdova ◽  
Snezhina Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Positively Charged

A series of novel chitosan-zeolite-sulfathiazole nanocomposite (CSFZ) films were prepared by using solvent casting method for wound healing application. The physicochemical properties namely thickness, folding endurance, water absorption capacity, and water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) of the films were studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to ascertain the interaction between negatively charged zeolite and positively charged chitosan. The surface morphology of the prepared composite films was also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Due to strong hydrophilic nature of zeolite, it great lyenhances the water absorption capacities of the prepared nanocomposite films. In addition, the presence of zeolite in the said films also increases the mechanical strength. The above analysis suggested that the CSFZ films could be used as potential candidates for wound healing application.

scholarly journals Effect of pulp consistency during refining on physical and mechanical characteristics of handsheets

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (5) ◽  
pp. 052035
Author(s):  
A V Ushakov ◽  
Y D Alashkevich ◽  
VA Kozhukhov ◽  
R A Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Main Requirement ◽  
Pulp Consistency ◽  
Breaking Length ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Paper Product ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

Abstract At the moment, the pulp and paper industry produces a wide variety of types of paper and board, which can serve as an alternative to plastic packaging products. The main requirement for paper packaging is high strength properties, which include: breaking length, resistance to breaking, bursting and tearing. The required strength properties can be ensured at the stage of refining the semi-finished product from which the paper product will be made by changing the consistency of the pulp. Since the influence of the consistency of the pulp during refining on the strength characteristics of the finished product has not been fully studied, it was of interest to find out how the strength properties of castings change when refining the pulp with a change in concentration.

Accurate Liquid Water Path Retrieval from Low-Cost Microwave Radiometers Using Additional Information from a Lidar Ceilometer and Operational Forecast Models

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1562-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Gaussiat ◽  
Robin J. Hogan ◽  
Anthony J. Illingworth
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Liquid Water Path ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Water Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Water Path ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microwave Radiometers

Abstract Water clouds have an important impact on the radiative balance of the earth. The use of ground-based dual-frequency microwave radiometers to derive both liquid water path (LWP) and water vapor path (WVP) is well established, but uncertainties over the dry, water vapor, and liquid water absorption coefficients and the radiometric calibration can lead to errors in the retrieved LWP. A method in which additional information from a lidar ceilometer is used to identify the presence of liquid water clouds and their altitude is described. When such clouds are absent, the radiometric calibrations of the two frequencies are optimally adjusted so that the retrieved LWP is forced to zero; when they are present the calibrations are interpolated from the nearest clear-sky periods before and after, and the temperature of the cloud is used to refine the liquid water absorption coefficient (with the temperature profile taken from a forecast model). This procedure is insensitive to the choice of absorption model, removes the troublesome negative values of LWP that can be retrieved, and provides more accurate values of low LWP in thin clouds. Analysis shows that LWP as low as 10 g m−2 can be reliably retrieved, 90% of the time the error being less than 50%, and for LWP greater than 20 g m−2 the error is less than 10%. An additional advantage is that the retrieval can tolerate uncertainties in the various absorption coefficients and is unaffected by slow drifts in brightness temperature errors of up to 5 K. Previous techniques have required that these temperatures be accurate to 0.5 K or better, which entails careful calibration and can be quite difficult to achieve.

Preparation of Starch Polyacrylamide Graft Copolymer and its Application in Paper Packaging Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 1268-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Xiao Liu ◽  
Wen Cai Xu ◽  
Jin Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Breaking Length

The influences of concentration of initiator, reaction temperature, concentation of monomer and reaction time on the graft rate, the graft efficiency and the monomer conversion rate of starch polyacrylamide graft copolymer were studied by orthogonal trials, and the corresponding optimum conditions were investigated firstly. Then the synthesized starch polyacrylamide graft copolymer was used to treat waste water from the bleaching workshop of one papermaking mill. Finally the first pass retention of furnish to make paper packaging material and the influences of starch polyacrylamide graft copolymer on the mechanical properties of paper packaging material were investigated. It shows that the first pass retention of furnish to make paper packaging material with the increase of dosage of starch polyacrylamide graft copolymer. With the increase of dosage of starch polyacrylamide graft copolymer, the tensile strength, the breaking length of paper packaging material increase, but the tear strength and the folding endurance decrease.

Les caractéristiques papetières du bois attaqué par la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 986-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nlombi ◽  
Z. Koran
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Burst Strength ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
The Past ◽  
Breaking Length

Chemithermomechanical pulp was manufactured from a supply of budworm-killed balsam fir wood in a pilot plant at the Université du Québec. The physical properties of these pulps were evaluated according to the standard methods of the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association and compared with those of a corresponding sample of experimental pulp prepared from a supply of sound balsam fir wood under the same experimental conditions. It was found that the trees killed 3 years before they were cut produced significant reductions in tear strength (50%), breaking length (25%), burst (24%), and in its brightness (4.5%). The decreases were accompanied by a corresponding increase in the opacity of the sheet (5%) and a significant decrease in energy consumption (15%), the latter representing an important reduction in the electric energy cost of refining. Since in practice budworm-killed wood is always used in some blends with sound wood, the reductions in tear and tensile properties will be directly proportional to the proportions of each type of wood. Thus, in a 50/50 blend of chips made up of sound wood and budworm-killed wood, the burst strength is reduced only by 12%, but at the same time the decrease in the electric bill is also cut in half. Thus, if the budworm-killed forest is harvested not later than 3 years after the trees have been killed, the utilization of this wood in the pulp and paper industry is more promising than we were led to believe in the past.

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