scholarly journals Closing the Gap: Sustainable Intensification Implications of Increased Corn Yields and Quality for Second-Crop (Safrinha) in Mato Grosso, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13325
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Pinheiro ◽  
Diego M. S. Santos ◽  
Alan R. R. Martins ◽  
Wininton M. da Silva ◽  
Cláudio V. de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Corn Grain

Corn grown as second-crop (safrinha) immediately after soybeans contributes to Brazil’s recent sustainable intensification of efforts to land spare and reduce deforestation. Brazil’s Mato Grosso state is very important for corn production with a large number of available hybrids for producers with different characteristics. Evaluating as many hybrids as possible increases the likelihood of identifying those that are more productive. Our experiment used a randomized block design to evaluate 20 corn hybrids for yield and quality in the western Cerrado savannah region of Mato Grosso state. There were significant differences in silage quality and grain yield between hybrids. Silage quality was correlated with higher grain yield. Corn grain yields for 10 higher-yielding hybrids (average = 11,425 kg/hectare) were significantly greater than the two lowest yielding hybrids (6974 and 8207 kg/hectare) and 64% more than the 2020 average in Mato Grosso. Precipitation was not limiting during our experiment but may be in the drier Cerrado area and during other years. Higher silage quality with lower lignin content and higher in vitro digestibility can improve beef productivity as Brazil transitions from extensive grazing to more intensified systems such as pasture supplementation. Increasing corn grain yields in Mato Grosso can hedge against lower crop yields elsewhere.

scholarly journals Mechanisms Underlying Nutrient Interaction of Compost and Mineral Fertilizer Application in Maize (Zea mays L.) Cropping System in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicta Essel ◽  
Robert Clement Abaidoo ◽  
Andrews Opoku ◽  
Nana Ewusi-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Mechanisms underlying interactive effects of nutrient inputs on crop yields are poorly understood especially throughout sub-Saharan Africa. This research thus sought to evaluate the possible mechanisms causing the interaction effects from compost and mineral fertilizer and quantify the relative contribution(s) of the mechanisms to added benefits in grain yield. The research involved a 3-year field experiment followed by a greenhouse incubation study. Both field and incubation experiments were 5 × 5 factorial arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design and Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications, respectively. The factors considered were five levels of mineral fertilizer (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of 90:60:70 kg ha−1 N:P2O5:K2O) and compost (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of 5 Mg ha−1 compost). The mechanisms evaluated were nutrient synchrony, priming, general soil fertility improvement (GFI), and balanced ratio of nutrients. The conjoint application of compost and mineral fertilizer significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced grain yields of maize, with 50%RRMF + 100%RRCo producing the highest average grain yields in 2015 and 2017 with relative average grain yield increases of 167 and 98% over the control (no application), respectively. The conjoint application of nutrients resulted in synergistic and antagonistic interactions. Synergistic interactions were observed in the first 2 years of the study, followed by antagonistic interactions in the third year. Three principal components cumulatively explained 86% of the variation among the mechanisms. The mechanisms which contributed most to the added benefits were priming effect, balanced nutrient ratio, and nutrient synchrony.

scholarly journals Corn grain quality at different harvesting times

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 703-709
Author(s):  
Madison W. S. Cordeiro ◽  
Dionei Ribeiro ◽  
Roseli A. Ferrari ◽  
Flávio C. Dalchiavon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Corn Grain

ABSTRACT Harvesting time is one of the main factors that influences grain quality, largely due to their exposure to biotic and abiotic factors during pre-harvest. As such, this study aimed to assess corn grain quality in response to different harvesting times in the municipality of Campo Novo do Parecis, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. A randomized block design was used with a strip-plot scheme, consisting of three corn hybrids (NS90 PRO, NS92 PRO 2 and BG7439), five harvesting times (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after physiological maturity - DAPM), with three repetitions. The variables grain yield, 1000 grain weight, bulk density, electrical conductivity and proximate composition were analyzed at each of the proposed harvesting times and lipid composition was assessed only at 0 and 28 DAPM. Data were submitted to ANOVA, regression analysis and Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). Delayed harvesting influenced all the variables studied, except ash concentration. The longer the grains remain on the plant after physiological maturity, the worse the grain yield and their physical, chemical and nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance of Soybean With Seeds Treated With an Algae Extract Base Biostimulant

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Gabriel Bressiani Melo ◽  
Alessandro Guerra da Silva ◽  
Adriano Perin ◽  
Guilherme Braga Pereira Braz ◽  
Christiano Lima Lobo de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The use of biostimulants in the treatment of soybean seeds can provide beneficial effects on the crop due to the synergism between the organic components present in products from natural compounds. Due to the scarcity of results of research on biostimulants in the treatment of soybean seeds, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of doses of a biostimulant in the treatment of seeds, on agronomic characteristics, productivity components and profitability of soybean culture. Therefore, two experiments were carried out in the field in the 2016/17 and 2017/18 harvests, using a randomized block design with six replications and four treatments referring to doses of 0.00; 0.05; 0.10; and 0.15 L 100 kg seeds-1. The agronomic characteristics of soybeans, grain yield and profitability of using the biostimulant were evaluated. From the obtained results, it can be seen that the dose of 0.15 L 100 kg seeds-1 provided greater profitability in both harvests. In addition, doses above 0.12 L 100 kg seed-1 provide higher grain yields and a higher grain mass, in addition to other productivity components.

scholarly journals Does the nitrogen application associated with Azospirillum brasilense inoculation influence corn nutrition and yield?

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elton M. de Souza ◽  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
Paulo R. T. da Silva ◽  
Arthur C. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
No Till ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Corn Grain

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect between inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen application, thus enabling a higher efficiency of nitrogen fertilization, as evaluated by nutritional value, components production, and grain yield of irrigated corn. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria, MS, Brazil, under a no-till system, on an Oxisol in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with four replications, in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement: four patterns of nitrogen application [application of 30 kg ha-1 of N at sowing and 150 kg ha-1 as cover (30 + 150); 30 kg ha-1 of N at sowing, split into two applications of 75 kg ha-1 as cover (30 + 75 + 75); 180 kg ha-1 of N at sowing (180); and 150 kg ha-1 of N at sowing and 30 kg ha-1 as cover (150 + 30)]; with and without inoculation of the seeds with A. brasilense. The application of 30 kg ha-1 of N at sowing and a single application of 150 kg ha-1 or two applications of 75 kg ha-1 in topdressing, inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense provided better nutrition and development, with a positive reflection on irrigated corn grain yield in the Brazilian Cerrado.

scholarly journals Green ear yield and grain yield of maize after harvest of the first ear as baby corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio L e Silva ◽  
Paulo Igor B e Silva ◽  
Ana Karenina F de Sousa ◽  
Kamila M Gurgel ◽  
Israel A Pereira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Female Inflorescence ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Corn Grain

Baby corn (BC) consists of the corn ear harvested two or three days after silk emergence. BC is a profitable crop, making possible a diversification of production, aggregation of value and increased income. Removing the first female inflorescence induces corn to produce others, making possible to produce several BC ears or, alternatively, BC (by harvesting the first ear) and green ears or grain. The objective of this work was to evaluate green ear yield and grain yield, after harvesting the first ear as BC. Corn cultivar AG 1051 was submitted to the following treatments, in a random block design with ten replicates (52 plants per plot): BC harvesting; green ear harvesting (grain moisture content between 60 and 70%); mature ear harvesting; BC harvesting and harvesting of other ears as green or mature ears. Marketable green ears yield or grain yield produced without removing the first inflorescence were superior to the green ears yield or grain yield produced after removal of the first inflorescence harvested as baby corn. Harvesting only the first ear as baby corn, and then harvesting green ears or the mature ears, provided lower baby corn yields than that obtained by harvesting all ears as baby corn. Economically, the best net revenues would be obtained by exploring the crop for the production of green ears, green ears + baby corn, baby corn, baby corn + grain, and grain, in this order.

scholarly journals Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Lima ◽  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
O.F. Oliveira ◽  
K.M.B. Silva ◽  
F.C.L. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

The interference imposed the by weeds on corn decreases practically all vegetative characteristics. As consequence, the green ear and grain yield are also reduced. Losses due to the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) attack can reduce corn grain yield up to 34%. In general, weed and insect control issues are addressed separately in research papers. Nevertheless, interaction between weeds and insects may exist. This study aimed to evaluate green ear and corn grain yield response to weed and fall armyworm control. A completely randomized block design with split-plots and five replicates was adopted. Corn cultivar AG 1051 was grown under weedy conditions or with control by hand hoeings performed at 20 and 40 days after planting. Fall armyworm control (applied to subplots) was performed with sprays of water (control), deltamethrin (5g active ingredient ha-1); neem oil, at 0.5% (diluted in water), and neem leaf extract at 5%. Each product was sprayed three times, at seven-day intervals, starting at the 7th day after planting, using 150 L ha-1 of the tank solution. Dry mass of the above-ground part, internode diameter, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, green ear yield and grain yield of corn were reduced due to the lack of weed control. Fall armyworm control in the weeded plots did not influence green ear yield and grain yield, except green mass of marketable, husked ears, which was reduced when the caterpillar was not controlled. Without weed control, neem extracts and deltamethrin sprays provided highest yields of number and total weight of green ears with husks, number and weight of marketable ears with husks and number of marketable ears without husks. The best results for husked ear mass and for grain yield were obtained with neem extract and deltamethrin, respectively.

scholarly journals Row Arrangements of Maize and Soybean Intercrop on Silage Quality and Grain Yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Vanderson Vieira Batista ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami ◽  
Pedro Valério Dutra de Moraes ◽  
Karine Fuschter Oligini ◽  
Cleverson Luiz Giacomel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Maize Grain

The success of maize + soybean intercrop depends on the plant arrangement. An experiment was carried out to evaluate different row arrangements on intercrop forage yield, silage quality and maize grain yield in relation to maize as a sole crop. The experiment was set up with a randomized complete block design with eight row arrangements between maize and Soybean. Maize biomass yield among crop arrangements were similar, although, lower than the maize sole crop. On the other hand, these treatments showed higher soybean biomass yield, which in turn increased silage crude protein and crude protein yield per unit area. Maize thousand grain weight, grain yield per plant and per area was affected by the intercrop arrangements. The use of two corn rows + two soybean rows (2M+2S-30 cm) and four corn rows + four soybean rows (4M+4S-30 cm) showed higher crude protein yield per area associated with similar maize grain yield in relation to the sole maize crop. In conclusion, alternating four maize rows with four soybean rows was the optimum row ratio in maize + soybean intercrop, though this needs to be further confirmed by more trials.

scholarly journals Physiological and Agronomic Strategies to Increase Mungbean Yield in Climatically Variable Environments of Northern Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashvir S. Chauhan ◽  
Rex Williams
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Variable Environments

Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in Australia has been transformed from a niche opportunistic crop into a major summer cropping option for dryland growers in the summer-dominant rainfall regions of Queensland and New South Wales. This transformation followed stepwise genetic improvements in both grain yields and disease resistance. For example, more recent cultivars such as ‘Crystal’, ‘Satin II’ and ‘Jade-AU‘  have provided up to a 20% yield advantage over initial introductions. Improved agronomic management to enable mechanised management and cultivation in narrow (<50 cm) rows has further promised to increase yields. Nevertheless, average yields achieved by growers for their mungbean crops remain less than 1 t/ha, and are much more variable than other broad acre crops.  Further increases in yield and crop resilience in mungbean are vital. In this review, opportunities to improve mungbean have been analysed at four key levels including phenology, leaf area development, dry matter accumulation and its partitioning into grain yield. Improving the prediction of phenology in mungbean may provide further scope for genetic improvements that better match crop duration to the characteristics of target environments. There is also scope to improve grain yields by increasing dry matter production through the development of more efficient leaf canopies. This may introduce additional production risks as dry matter production depends on the amount of available water, which varies considerably within and across growing regions in Australia. Improving crop yields by exploiting photo-thermal sensitivities to increase dry matter is likely a less risky strategy for these variable environments. Improved characterisation of growing environments using modelling approaches could also better define and identify the risks of major abiotic constraints. This would assist in optimising breeding and management strategies to increase grain yield and crop resilience in mungbean for the benefit of growers and industry.

scholarly journals Surface applied lime dynamics and base saturation index in a consolidated no-tillage area

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Diego Bortolini ◽  
Luís César Cassol ◽  
Jonatas Thiago Piva ◽  
Cristiam Bosi ◽  
Kassiano Felipe Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Tillage System

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of chemical properties and crop yields during five years after liming, in a consolidated no-tillage system area and indicate a base saturation index to serve as a criterion for recommendation. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four repetitions, being the treatments the five lime doses (0, 2.4, 4.8, 7.2 and 9.6 Mg ha-1) applied and maintained on the soil surface. Soil chemical properties were evaluated in eight soil sampling, in the layers 0 to 0.025; 0.025 to 0.05; 0.05 to 0.10; 0.10 to 0.15; 0.15 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.40 m, besides crop grain yield (wheat, soybean and corn) and black oat dry matter yield, totaling five years of evaluation. The surface liming in no-tillage system increased the exchangeable magnesium and calcium contents, base saturation and soil pH and reduced the exchangeable aluminum content. The cumulative grain yield (six crops) and black oat dry matter yield (three crops) was not influenced by liming. These results suggested, from this study conditions, that the value of 50% of base saturation should be adopted as a criterion for liming for crops implanted under consolidated no-tillage systems.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF Pratylenchus brachyurus IN SOYBEAN CROPS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Kethelin Cristine Laurindo de Oliveira ◽  
Dejânia vieira de Araújo ◽  
Angélica Carmos de Meneses ◽  
Jéssica Moreira e Silva ◽  
Rodolfo Luis Cardoso Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Purpureocillium Lilacinum ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus

ABSTRACT The efficiency of biological products combined with biological fertilization for controlling Pratylenchus brachyurus in soybean crops, and effects of these treatments on soybean crops were evaluate. A greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Mato Grosso State University, in Brazil, using a randomized block design with a 10×2 factorial arrangement, and four replications. The treatments consisted of Trichoderma asperellum, B. subtilis, Purpureocillium lilacinum, B. subtilis + T. asperellum, B. subtilis + P. lilacinum, T. asperellum + P. lilacinum, B. subtilis + T. asperellum + P. lilacinum and abamectin, and Controls with, and without nematodes. Nematode population, plant height, stem base diameter, and soil microbiological characteristics (at 60 and 120 days after sowing - DAS), shoot dry weight (60 DAS), and number of pods per plant, and grain yield (120 DAS) were evaluated. The treatments were efficient for the control of phytonematodes at 60 DAS; the efficiency of treatments with biological products increased when combined with biological fertilization. The biological products were more efficient for controlling the nematodes than abamectin at 120 DAS; and the percentage of control were higher when they were combined with biological fertilization, in both growing periods. The biological treatments resulted in better agronomic characteristics, and higher number of pods per plant, and grain yield, affecting the plants in the first growing period, and significant interaction with the biological fertilizer for these variables in the second growing period. The interaction between treatments and biological fertilization was significant for soil microbiological characteristics in the second growing period.

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