scholarly journals Occurrence and Effects of Antimicrobials Drugs in Aquatic Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13428
Author(s):  
Ronield Fernandez ◽  
Nieves R. Colás-Ruiz ◽  
Hernando José Bolívar-Anillo ◽  
Giorgio Anfuso ◽  
Miriam Hampel
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Poor Absorption

Currently, thanks to the development of sensitive analytical techniques, the presence of different emerging pollutants in aquatic ecosystems has been evidenced; however, most of them have not been submitted to any regulation so far. Among emerging contaminants, antimicrobials have received particular attention in recent decades, mainly due to the concerning development of antibiotic resistance observed in bacteria, but little is known about the toxicological and ecological impact that antimicrobials can have on aquatic ecosystems. Their high consumption in human and veterinary medicine, food-producing animals and aquaculture, as well as persistence and poor absorption have caused antimicrobials to be discharged into receiving waters, with or without prior treatment, where they have been detected at ng-mg L−1 levels with the potential to cause effects on the various organisms living within aquatic systems. This review presents the current knowledge on the occurrence of antimicrobials in aquatic ecosystems, emphasizing their occurrence in different environmental matrixes and the effects on aquatic organisms (cyanobacteria, microalgae, invertebrates and vertebrates).

scholarly journals Environmental contamination by fluoroquinolones

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verônica Maria Fadário Frade ◽  
Meriellen Dias ◽  
Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira ◽  
Mauri Sergio Alves Palma
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Additional Input ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Over the past few decades, a high number of pharmaceuticals have been detected in surface, ground and drinking waters. This contamination comes from domestic sewage, livestock, hospitals and chemical-pharmaceutical industries. Typical examples of these pollutants are the fluoroquinolones - powerful antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. The presence of fluoroquinolones in the environment can pose a serious threat to the ecosystem and to human health due to their high consumption globally: in 1998, around 120 tons were produced. Even at low environmental concentrations, antibiotics stimulate bacterial resistance. The consequences of the presence of fluoroquinolones in the environment are not fully understood, but are known to be toxic to plants and aquatic organisms. Approximately 85% of the fluoroquinolones present in influents can be removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants, but the removed fraction is frequently accumulated in the sludge, which is sometimes used as fertilizer, representing an additional input route into the environment. The removal of fluoroquinolones by biological treatment is ineffective, and it is believed that only advanced oxidation technologies are able to destroy these emerging pollutants.

scholarly journals Removal of Emerging Pollutants from Water Using Environmentally Friendly Processes: Photocatalysts Preparation, Characterization, Intermediates Identification and Toxicity Assessment

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Nina Finčur ◽  
Paula Sfîrloagă ◽  
Predrag Putnik ◽  
Vesna Despotović ◽  
Marina Lazarević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Simulated Sunlight ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Mgo Nanoparticles ◽  
Emerging Pollutant ◽  
Wheat Germination ◽  
Modern Technologies

Pharmaceuticals and pesticides are emerging contaminants problematic in the aquatic environment because of their adverse effects on aquatic life and humans. In order to remove them from water, photocatalysis is one of the most modern technologies to be used. First, newly synthesized photocatalysts were successfully prepared using a sol–gel method and characterized by different techniques (XRD, FTIR, UV/Vis, BET and SEM/EDX). The photocatalytic properties of TiO2, ZnO and MgO nanoparticles were examined according to their removal from water for two antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone) and two herbicides (tembotrione and fluroxypyr) exposed to UV/simulated sunlight (SS). TiO2 proved to be the most efficient nanopowder under UV and SS. Addition of (NH4)2S2O8 led to the faster removal of both antibiotics and herbicide fluroxypyr. The main intermediates were separated and identified for the herbicides and antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Finally, the toxicity of each emerging pollutant mixture and formed intermediates was assessed on wheat germination and biomass production.

scholarly journals The Role of Aquatic Ecosystems (River Tua, Portugal) as Reservoirs of Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonas spp.

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 698
Author(s):  
Sónia Gomes ◽  
Conceição Fernandes ◽  
Sandra Monteiro ◽  
Edna Cabecinha ◽  
Amílcar Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Resistance Rates

The inappropriate use of antibiotics, one of the causes of the high incidence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from aquatic ecosystems, represents a risk for aquatic organisms and the welfare of humans. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance rates among riverine Aeromonas spp., taken as representative of the autochthonous microbiota, to evaluate the level of antibacterial resistance in the Tua River (Douro basin). The prevalence and degree of antibiotic resistance was examined using motile aeromonads as a potential indicator of antimicrobial susceptibility for the aquatic environment. Water samples were collected from the middle sector of the river, which is most impacted area by several anthropogenic pressures. Water samples were plated on an Aeromonas-selective agar, with and without antibiotics. The activity of 19 antibiotics was studied against 30 isolates of Aeromonas spp. using the standard agar dilution susceptibility test. Antibiotic resistance rates were fosfomycin (FOS) 83.33%, nalidixic acid (NA) 60%, cefotaxime (CTX) 40%, gentamicin (CN) 26.67%, tobramycin (TOB) 26.67%, cotrimoxazole (SXT) 26.67%, chloramphenicol (C) 16.67%, and tetracycline (TE) 13.33%. Some of the nalidixic acid-resistant strains were susceptible to fluoroquinolones. Multiple resistance was also observed (83.33%). The environmental ubiquity, the natural susceptibility to antimicrobials and the zoonotic potential of Aeromonas spp. make them optimal candidates for studying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquatic ecosystems. Aquatic environments may provide an ideal setting for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance because anthropogenic activities frequently impact them. The potential risk of multi- and pan-resistant bacteria transmission between animals and humans should be considered in a “One Health—One World” concept.

scholarly journals Identification of Biomolecules Involved in the Adaptation to the Environment of Cold-Loving Microorganisms and Metabolic Pathways for Their Production

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Eva Garcia-Lopez ◽  
Paula Alcazar ◽  
Cristina Cid
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Light Protection ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Function Discovery

Cold-loving microorganisms of all three domains of life have unique and special abilities that allow them to live in harsh environments. They have acquired structural and molecular mechanisms of adaptation to the cold that include the production of anti-freeze proteins, carbohydrate-based extracellular polymeric substances and lipids which serve as cryo- and osmoprotectants by maintaining the fluidity of their membranes. They also produce a wide diversity of pigmented molecules to obtain energy, carry out photosynthesis, increase their resistance to stress and provide them with ultraviolet light protection. Recently developed analytical techniques have been applied as high-throughoutput technologies for function discovery and for reconstructing functional networks in psychrophiles. Among them, omics deserve special mention, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, glycomics, lipidomics and metabolomics. These techniques have allowed the identification of microorganisms and the study of their biogeochemical activities. They have also made it possible to infer their metabolic capacities and identify the biomolecules that are parts of their structures or that they secrete into the environment, which can be useful in various fields of biotechnology. This Review summarizes current knowledge on psychrophiles as sources of biomolecules and the metabolic pathways for their production. New strategies and next-generation approaches are needed to increase the chances of discovering new biomolecules.

scholarly journals Emerging contaminants : a tutorial mini-review

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Contamination Source ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Reliable Methods

Nowadays, the scientific community has focused and prioritised research on “emerging pollutants”. The term “emerging pollutants” stands for the substances that are released in the environment for which currently no regulations are established for their environmental monitoring. Their occurrence is reported worldwide in a range of aquatic environments, such as lakes, rivers, freshwater catchments, estuaries, reservoirs and marine waters. Nevertheless, due to their large number (ranging in an order of thousands), only few of these compounds are toxicologically evaluated. Published data concerning occurrence and potential toxicological effects is limited. The contamination source of the aquatic environment is mainly the effluents from the sewage treatment plants (STPs). Reliable methods are available for residue analysis of these pollutants down to low ng L-1 levels. However, an urgent need is highlighted for the investigation (primarily in environmental media and following in biological ones) of the toxicity and transformation pathways of all emerging pollutants. The aims of this mini-review are to briefly present: (a) the major classes of emerging pollutants; (b) the reasons why these substances constitute an environmental issue; and (c) developments and applications of environmental analysis in this field.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of two organic UV-Filters by single bacteria strains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentina Laura Chiriac ◽  
Catalina Stoica ◽  
Iuiana Paun ◽  
Florinela Pirvu ◽  
Toma Galaon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Uv Filters ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Salmonella Thyphimurium ◽  
Organic Uv Filters

Abstract Organic UV-filters, including 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-HBP) and 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), are persistent emerging contaminants whose presence in the environment poses a threat to aquatic organisms due to their endocrine disruptor’s properties. For this reason, finding suitable technological processes for their safety and efficient removal from the environment represent a priority for the scientific community. To the author’s knowledge, until now, there are no studies reporting the biodegradation of 4-HBP and BP-1 by a single bacteria strain. In this paper, there were tested the 4-HBP and BP-1 biodegradation potential of two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and two Gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium and Serratia rubidae). The 4-HPB biodegradation process was observed only in the presence of Gram-negative bacterial strains. Thus, the biodegradation rates of 4-HBP reached up to 12.7% after 24h of incubation in presence of Salmonella thyphimurium and up to 24.0% after 24h of incubation with Serratia rubidae. Staphylococcus aureus was able to biodegrade 26.7% of BP-1, while Salmonella thiphymurium was able to biodegrade 14.7% of BP-1 after 24h of incubation. Their biodegradation products generated during the 4-HBP biodegradation process by Serratia rubidae were analyzed through LC-MS/MS analysis. The (bio)degradation products were benzophenone and a multi-hydroxylated derivative of 4-HBP and the degradation pathways were proposed. The data obtained in this study gave important information regarding the 4-HBP and BP-1 potential biodegradation by single bacterial strains.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TOKSISITAS BAHAN PENCEMAR TERHADAP ORGANISME PERAIRAN

OSEANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Triyoni Purbonegoro
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Major Factors

FACTORS THAT AFFECTING THE TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS. There are a large number of pollutants in aquatic environment with various characteristics and factors that can modify and affect the toxicity of pollutants in this environment. The major factors affecting pollutant toxicity include physicochemical properties of pollutants, mode of exposure, time, environmental factors, and biological factors. Moreover, organisms in an aquatic ecosystem are seldom exposed to only single pollutant, and most cases the stress of pollution on aquatic ecosystems is related to the interaction and combined effects of many chemicals. The combined effects may be synergistic or antagonistic, depending on the pollutants and the physiological condition of the organism involved.

scholarly journals Inelastic hyperspectral lidar for aquatic ecosystems monitoring and landscape plant scanning test

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Guangyu Zhao ◽  
Elin Malmqvist ◽  
Klas Rydhmer ◽  
Alfred Strand ◽  
Giuseppe Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Optical Arrangement ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Behavior

We have developed an aquatic inelastic hyperspectral lidar with unrestricted focal-depth and enough sensitivity and spatio-temporal resolution to detect and resolve position and behavior of individual sub-millimeter aquatic organisms. We demonstrate ranging with monitoring of elastic echoes, water Raman signals and fluorescence from chlorophyllbearing phytoplankton and dye tagged organisms. The system is based on a blue CW diode laser and a Scheimpflug optical arrangement.

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