Fighting Dog-Mediated Rabies in Namibia—Implementation of a Rabies Elimination Program in the Northern Communal Areas

The major part of the global burden of dog-mediated rabies falls on Africa and Asia, where still an estimated 60,000 people die of the disease annually. Like in many African countries, dog-mediated rabies is a major public health concern in Namibia, costing the country an estimated 242 human deaths during the past two decades, in particular in the Northern Communal Areas (NCAs). Consequently, under the “One Health” concept, the Namibian government adopted a National Rabies Control Strategy in 2015, which strives to contribute to the global goal of ending dog-mediated human rabies deaths by 2030. A key component of this strategy was the implementation a dog rabies elimination program in the NCAs in 2016, being designed as a stepwise regional rollout strategy by building on experience gained in a pilot project area. The area of implementation covers approximately 263,376 km2 and 64 constituencies, with around 1.2 million inhabitants and estimated 93,000 dogs.

Download Full-text

73 Antimicrobial Resistance, Agriculture, and the One Health Continuum

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 40-40

Author(s):

Ed Topp

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Direct Contact ◽

One Health ◽

Animal Health ◽

Health Concern ◽

Health And Wellness ◽

Transdisciplinary Approach ◽

Health Concept ◽

The One

Abstract The One Health concept specifies that the microbiomes of humans and animals are connected, both through direct contact, and indirectly through the environment. Managing the flow of microorganisms of human or animal health concern across the One Health continuum requires a transdisciplinary approach to address problems at the intersection of people, animals, and their environments. This presentation will use the management of antimicrobial resistance as an example of how a One Health approach can identify and develop solutions to improve the health and wellness of people, animals, and the environment.

Download Full-text

Human rabies control in Lebanon: a call for action

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026881800300x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. F. Kassir ◽

T. El Zarif ◽

G. Kassir ◽

A. Berry ◽

U. Musharrafieh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Human Rabies ◽

Neglected Disease ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

The Past ◽

Successful Vaccine ◽

Rabies Control ◽

The Status ◽

Notable Increase ◽

Rabies Exposure

AbstractThe status of rabies as a neglected disease has made its eradication rather challenging in different parts of the world despite the availability of a successful vaccine. Lebanon, in particular, is a country endemic to the disease with several cases of rabies deaths reported over the past 30 years. The risk of rabies, however, has taken a new turn over the past few years in Lebanon with two emerging situations that have made the control of the disease rather challenging: the neighbouring Syrian war and the local garbage crisis. Both of these milestone events might have contributed to an increase in the number of disease vectors as well as individuals at risk, thus nourishing the cycle of disease transmission. In this observational study, the effect of these two events are investigated, with an update on the status of this preventable, yet often neglected, disease in the country. Both events were found to be concomitant with a notable increase in the number of dog bites and thus possible rabies exposure. Current regulations are explored through interviews with veterinarians, and custom recommendations, ranging from policies to control dog populations to awareness campaigns in high-risk individuals, are then proposed to help control the disease.

Download Full-text

One Health (r)Evolution: Learning from the Past to Build a New Future

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v10120725 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 725 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ilaria Capua ◽

Giovanni Cattoli

Keyword(s):

One Health ◽

Human Beings ◽

The Past ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Health Concept ◽

The One ◽

Evolution Learning

The One Health concept recognizes that the health of human beings, animals, plants and the environment is interconnected and interdependent. This idea has been shaped over the centuries and has gained momentum and traction as anatomy, physiology, microbiology and other disciplines have substantiated earlier theories. Here we recall major historical milestones which have contributed to shaping the One Health concept as it is today, and discuss the past and future drivers in view of future challenges in an evolving scenario.

Download Full-text

Rabies mortality and morbidity associated with animal bites in Africa: A case for Integrated Rabies Diseases Surveillance, Prevention and Control - A Scoping review

10.1101/2020.07.29.20164483 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Nyasulu ◽

Jacqueline Weyer ◽

Rea Tschopp ◽

Adane Mihret ◽

Abraham Aseffa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Animal Health ◽

Global Strategy ◽

World Health ◽

Human Rabies ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

African Countries ◽

Rabies Control ◽

And Control

Background: Rabies a neglected tropical disease, mostly affecting poor and vulnerable populations living in remote rural areas in developing countries. The disease continues to pose a significant public health a threat with an estimated 59,000 dog-transmitted human deaths, of which an estimated 21,476 human deaths occur in Africa each year. The global strategy has been set by the quartite World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC), aiming for "zero human deaths associated with dog transmitted rabies by 2030". African countries, however, face several challenges and there are still gaps in controlling rabies. The aim of this study review is to determine rabies prevalence, mortality and associated risk factors in both human population and animal population and to evaluate the presence or absence of integrated one health surveillance response in African nations. Methods and analysis: We will conduct an electronic literature searches on PubMed, CINAHL, (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus, and Web of Science and other relevant databases. Reference lists from identified published articles or reviews and conference abstracts will also be searched for relevant articles. Published and unpublished literatures (grey) will be included in the search. The findings will be presented graphically in terms of mortality, morbidity, interventions for rabies control in Africa, research gaps identified, available research evidence, rabies surveillance, prevention and control and adverse events. Conclusion: This review will contribute to the coordination of interventions for surveillance, prevention, and control with African countries as country-based gaps and challenges and opportunities will be highlighted. In addition, the scaling up of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP rabies will be evaluated in African countries and the projection to achieve the target of "zero deaths of human rabies by 2030" in Africa.

Download Full-text

Rabies surveillance, trends in animal rabies and human post-exposure treatment in Poland, 1990 -2004

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/esm.10.11.00580-en ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 13-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M Sadkowska-Todys ◽

M Rosinska ◽

M Smreczak ◽

M Czerwinski ◽

J F Zmudzinski

Keyword(s):

Immunisation Programme ◽

Health Concern ◽

Human Rabies ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Exposure Treatment ◽

Post Exposure ◽

The Past ◽

Routine Surveillance ◽

Human Use ◽

The Impact

This paper describes recent changes in the epizootical and epidemiological situation of rabies in Poland. Analysis of routine surveillance data on animal cases and human post-exposure treatment was performed in order to examine the impact of introduction of cell culture vaccine for human use and the implementation of the fox immunisation programme. The success of the immunisation programme for wild animals has become evident during the past 3 years, as a 9-fold decrease in animal rabies cases has been observed. To date, however, the downward trend in animal rabies cases has had no effect on the frequency of administration of the post-exposure treatment for humans. Moreover, two cases of locally acquired human rabies have occurred in patients who did not receive post-exposure vaccination. These cases prove that rabies should be still considered a public health concern in Poland.

Download Full-text

Animal and Human Brucellosis in Pakistan

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.660508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Tariq Jamil ◽

Aman Ullah Khan ◽

Muhammad Saqib ◽

Muhammad Hammad Hussain ◽

Falk Melzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

One Health ◽

Animal Species ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Health Concern ◽

Human Brucellosis ◽

The Past ◽

Contaminated Food ◽

The One ◽

And Control ◽

Insight Into

Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease that affects many animal species and can be transmitted to humans via direct contact or via contaminated food. Although brucellosis is a serious health hazard, its public health concern has been neglected in many countries. In some developing countries, such as Pakistan, where brucellosis is endemic, this disease continues to be of importance. A literature search for the past 11 years (2011–2021) provided a comprehensive insight into brucellosis in Pakistan. In this review, particular emphasis was placed on occurrence, diagnostic tests used, and prevention, treatment, and control in the context of the “One Health” approach.

Download Full-text

Rabies Mortality and Morbidity Associated with Animal Bites in Africa: A Case for Integrated Rabies Diseases Surveillance, Prevention and Control - A Scoping Review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-95505/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Nyasulu ◽

Jacqueline Weyer ◽

Rea Tschopp ◽

Adane Mihret ◽

Samuel Victor Nuvor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Animal Health ◽

Global Strategy ◽

World Health ◽

Human Rabies ◽

Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽

African Countries ◽

Rabies Control ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Rabies a neglected tropical disease, mostly affecting poor and vulnerable populations living in remote rural areas in developing countries. The disease continues to pose a significant public health a threat with an estimated 59,000 dog-transmitted human deaths, of which an estimated 21,476 human deaths occur in Africa each year. The global strategy has been set by the quartite World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC), aiming for "zero human deaths associated with dog transmitted rabies by 2030". African countries, however, face several challenges and there are still gaps in controlling rabies. The aim of this study review is to determine rabies prevalence, mortality and associated risk factors in both human population and animal population and to evaluate the presence or absence of integrated one health surveillance response in African nations.Methods and analysis: We will conduct an electronic literature searches on PubMed, CINAHL, (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scopus, and Web of Science and other relevant databases. Reference lists from identified published articles or reviews and conference abstracts will also be searched for relevant articles. Published and unpublished literatures (grey) will be included in the search. The findings will be presented graphically in terms of mortality, morbidity, interventions for rabies control in Africa, research gaps identified, available research evidence, rabies surveillance, prevention and control and adverse events.Conclusion: This review will contribute to the coordination of interventions for surveillance, prevention, and control with African countries as country-based gaps and challenges and opportunities will be highlighted. In addition, the scaling up of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP rabies will be evaluated in African countries and the projection to achieve the target of "zero deaths of human rabies by 2030" in Africa.

Download Full-text

Prebiotic Effects of Seaweed Polysaccharides in Pigs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061573 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1573

Author(s):

Carlo Corino ◽

Alessia Di Giancamillo ◽

Silvia Clotilde Modina ◽

Raffaella Rossi

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Marine Macroalgae ◽

Gut Health ◽

Brown Seaweeds ◽

Red Seaweeds ◽

The Past ◽

Enteric Diseases ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Health Concept ◽

The One

To ensure environmental sustainability, according to the European Green Deal and to boost the One Health concept, it is essential to improve animals’ health and adopt sustainable and natural feed ingredients. Over the past decade, prebiotics have been used as an alternative approach in order to reduce the use of antimicrobials, by positively affecting the gut microbiota and decreasing the onset of several enteric diseases in pig. However, dietary supplementation with seaweed polysaccharides as prebiotics has gained attention in recent years. Seaweeds or marine macroalgae contain several polysaccharides: laminarin, fucoidan, and alginates are found in brown seaweeds, carrageenan in red seaweeds, and ulvan in green seaweeds. The present review focuses on studies evaluating dietary seaweed polysaccharide supplementation in pig used as prebiotics to positively modulate gut health and microbiota composition.

Download Full-text

Challenges to the Fight against Rabies—The Landscape of Policy and Prevention Strategies in Africa

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1736

Author(s):

Andrea Haekyung Haselbeck ◽

Sylvie Rietmann ◽

Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse ◽

Kerstin Kling ◽

Maria Elena Kaschubat-Dieudonné ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Control Program ◽

Prevention Strategy ◽

Human Rabies ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

African Countries ◽

Rabies Control ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Context Specific ◽

And Control

Nearly 59,000 human deaths worldwide are attributable to rabies annually, of which more than a third occur in Africa. In recent years, progress has been made in both action and collaboration including implementation of surveillance and prevention measures. In this review we assess the scale of surveillance, preventive, and control efforts of canine-transmitted human rabies in African countries. We reviewed literature published from 2014 to 2018, retrieved from electronic databases including MEDLINE, Global Index Medicus, BIOSIS, Science Citation Index, and EMBASE. WHO reports, national disease control program reports, and conference proceedings were also reviewed. The database search was conducted using keywords including rabies, control, and prevention. In forty countries (40/54), some level of rabies control and prevention strategy was available while in fourteen (14/54) countries, no specific national control and prevention strategy for human rabies could be retrieved. Thirty-four (34/54) countries utilized the Stepwise Approach towards Rabies Elimination (SARE) tool to monitor the national rabies control efforts—five of these countries were at the lowest tier (0/5) of the SARE scoring system while no country had achieved the highest score (5/5). High burden countries need to step up the implementation of context specific national rabies control, prevention, and monitoring strategies. As a zoonosis, rabies control and elimination require coordination between human and veterinarian health sectors under the “One Health” umbrella and with national master plans on the prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases ending in 2020, the time to act is now.

Download Full-text

Al-Rasm al-ʿUthmānī: Towards Correct Pronunciation and the Preclusion of Ambiguity

Journal of Qur anic Studies ◽

10.3366/jqs.2011.0029 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 201-171

Author(s):

Nāṣir Al-Dīn Abū Khaḍīr

Keyword(s):

Specific Pattern ◽

Writing Style ◽

The Third ◽

The Past ◽

Different Ages ◽

Correct Pronunciation ◽

The One ◽

The Mind

The ʿUthmānic way of writing (al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī) is a science that specialises in the writing of Qur'anic words in accordance with a specific ‘pattern’. It follows the writing style of the Companions at the time of the third caliph, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, and was attributed to ʿUthmān on the basis that he was the one who ordered the collection and copying of the Qur'an into the actual muṣḥaf. This article aims to expound on the two fundamental functions of al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī: that of paying regard to the ‘correct’ pronunciation of the words in the muṣḥaf, and the pursuit of the preclusion of ambiguity which may arise in the mind of the reader and his auditor. There is a further practical aim for this study: to show the connection between modern orthography and the ʿUthmānic rasm in order that we, nowadays, are thereby able to overcome the problems faced by calligraphers and writers of the past in their different ages and cultures.

Download Full-text