scholarly journals Rapid Resolution of Non-Effusive Feline Infectious Peritonitis Uveitis with an Oral Adenosine Nucleoside Analogue and Feline Interferon Omega

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1216
Author(s):  
Diane Addie ◽  
Johanna Covell-Ritchie ◽  
Oswald Jarrett ◽  
Mark Fosbery
Keyword(s):  
Nucleoside Analogue ◽  
Prednisolone Acetate ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Keratic Precipitates ◽  
Dose Oral ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Feline Coronavirus ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment

This is the first report of a successful treatment of a non-effusive feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) uveitis case using an oral adenosine nucleoside analogue drug and feline interferon omega, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) as an indicator of recovery. A 2-year-old male neutered Norwegian Forest Cat presented with uveitis, keratic precipitates, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and weight loss. The cat was hypergammaglobulinaemic and had a non-regenerative anaemia. Feline coronavirus (FCoV) RNA was detected in a mesenteric lymph node fine-needle aspirate by a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction—non-effusive FIP was diagnosed. Prednisolone acetate eye drops were administered three times daily for 2 weeks. Oral adenosine nucleoside analogue (Mutian) treatment started. Within 50 days of Mutian treatment, the cat had gained over one kilogram in weight, his globulin level reduced from 77 to 51 g/L and his haematocrit increased from 22 to 35%; his uveitis resolved and his sight improved. Serum AGP level reduced from 3100 to 400 μg/mL (within normal limits). Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) was above normal at 28 μg/dL, reducing to 14 μg/dL on the cessation of treatment; whether the SDMA increase was due to FIP lesions in the kidney or Mutian is unknown. Mutian treatment stopped and low-dose oral recombinant feline interferon omega begun—the cat’s recovery continued.

scholarly journals Detection of feline coronavirus spike gene mutations as a tool to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Felten ◽  
Karola Weider ◽  
Stephanie Doenges ◽  
Stefanie Gruendl ◽  
Kaspar Matiasek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Objectives Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an important cause of death in the cat population worldwide. The ante-mortem diagnosis of FIP in clinical cases is still challenging. In cats without effusion, a definitive diagnosis can only be achieved post mortem or with invasive methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a combined reverse transcriptase nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) and sequencing approach in the diagnosis of FIP, detecting mutations at two different nucleotide positions within the spike (S) gene. Methods The study population consisted of 64 cats with confirmed FIP and 63 cats in which FIP was initially suspected due to similar clinical or laboratory signs, but that were definitively diagnosed with another disease. Serum/plasma and/or effusion samples of these cats were examined for feline coronavirus (FCoV) RNA by RT-nPCR and, if positive, PCR products were sequenced for nucleotide transitions within the S gene. Results Specificity of RT-nPCR was 100% in all materials (95% confidence interval [CI] in serum/plasma 83.9–100.0; 95% CI in effusion 93.0–100.0). The specificity of the sequencing step could not be determined as none of the cats of the control group tested positive for FCoV RNA. Sensitivity of the ‘combined RT-nPCR and sequencing approach’ was 6.5% (95% CI 0.8–21.4) in serum/plasma and 65.3% (95% CI 50.4–78.3) in effusion. Conclusions and relevance A positive result is highly indicative of the presence of FIP, but as none of the control cats tested positive by RT-nPCR, it was not possible to confirm that the FCoV mutant described can only be found in cats with FIP. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the usefulness of the sequencing step including FCoV-RNA-positive cats with and without FIP. A negative result cannot be used to exclude the disease, especially when only serum/plasma samples are available.

Immunohistochemical Methods to Diagnose Atraumatic Spleen Rupture in Feline Infectious Peritonitis of Tiger (Panthera tigris)

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1057
Author(s):  
Cristina Horhogea ◽  
Viorel Floristean ◽  
Mircea Lazar ◽  
Carmen Cretu ◽  
Carmen Solcan
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Intestinal Lamina Propria ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

A body of an eight-year-old male tiger, originated from a Romanian zoo was brought in for pathological diagnosis to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. The necropsy revealed uveitis, sero-hemorrhagic peritonitis, fatty liver and kidney, haemorrhagic-necrotic lesions on the spleen, catarrhal enteritis, serous pericarditis and pulmonary anthracosis. Amyloidosis was found in the intestine, liver, lungs and kidney and spleen, associated with necrosis and the presence of hematin blocks. Positive macrophages for feline coronavirus (FCoV) were highlighted by immunohistochemistry in liver, kidney, lungs and intestinal lamina propria. Immunofluorescence (IF) examination of pericardial and peritoneal fluid was positive for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Confirmation of FIP coronavirus was made by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The systemic amyloidosis and the presence of hematin in peritoneal fluid and spleen parenchyma are lesions that were not mentioned as specific for FIP until now.

scholarly journals A comparative study of techniques used for the diagnosis of effusive feline infectious peritonitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
A. Hellemans ◽  
D. D. Acar ◽  
V. J. E. Stroobants ◽  
S. Theuns ◽  
L. M. B. Desmarets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease caused by feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). At present, neither a licensed treatment nor an accurate ante-mortem diagnosis are available. In the present study, three available tests were evaluated for their diagnostic power on effusion samples. High feline coronavirus antibody titers, measured with an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA), were correlated with FIP but its low specificity precluded a reliable diagnosis. The in-house 5’ reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) provided a much better specificity and high sensitivity. Given the low sensitivity of immunofluorescence staining (IF) of effusive cells, the RT-qPCR alone or in combination with IPMA represents a good alternative for IF. In the majority of the effusion samples from FIP positive animals, Sanger sequencing of the open reading frame encoding the spike protein (ORF S) revealed not only mutations that were previously associated with FIP (M1058L, S1060A, I1106T and D1108Y/E/G) but also two new, closely related mutations (T1112S/N).

scholarly journals Concordance between Histology, Immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Angelica Stranieri ◽  
Donatella Scavone ◽  
Saverio Paltrinieri ◽  
Alessia Giordano ◽  
Federico Bonsembiante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Information ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have been used to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), but no information regarding the comparison of their diagnostic performances on the same organ is available. The aims of this study were to determine the concordance among these tests and to evaluate which combination of tests and organs can be used in vivo. Histology, IHC, and nested RT-PCR (RT-nPCR) for feline coronavirus (FCoV) were performed on spleen, liver, mesenteric lymph node, kidney, large and small intestine, and lung from 14 FIP and 12 non-FIP cats. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and concordance were calculated. IHC and RT-nPCR had the highest concordance in lung and liver, histology and IHC in the other organs. The sensitivity of histology, IHC, and RT-nPCR on the different organs ranged from 41.7 to 76.9%, 46.2 to 76.9%, and 64.3 to 85.7%, respectively, and their specificity ranged from 83.3 to 100.0%, 100% and 83.3 to 100.0%. Therefore, IHC is recommended when histology is consistent with FIP. If RT-nPCR is performed as the first diagnostic approach, results should always be confirmed with IHC. Lung or liver provide accurate information regardless of the method, while IHC is preferred to RT-nPCR to confirm FIP in the kidney or intestine.

scholarly journals The detection of feline coronaviruses in blood samples from cats by mRNA RT-PCR

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kezban Can-Şahna ◽  
Veysel Soydal Ataseven ◽  
Dilek Pınar ◽  
Tuba Çiğdem Oğuzoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

In this study, 26 blood samples were collected from 25 healthy cats and one cat with clinical signs suggestive of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), namely, fever, weight loss, enlarged abdomen, and ascites. Blood samples were tested for feline coronavirus (FCoV) messenger RNA (mRNA) by an reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay which has previously been described to have a high specificity in the diagnosis of clinical FIP [Simons AF, Vennema H, Rofina JE, Pol JM, Horzinek MC, Rottier PJM, Egberink HF (2005) A mRNA PCR for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis. Journal of Virological Methods124, 111–116]. Overall we found 14 (54%) of the cats were positive for FCoV including the cat with clinical disease, but the high rate of positivity among healthy cats suggested a poor specificity for the clinical diagnosis of FIP among these cats. It was observed that the positivity rate was highest in cats aged between 6 months–1 year old. Our findings suggest that FCoVs may be present in the blood samples from healthy cats as well as cats with clinical FIP.

scholarly journals Feline coronavirus quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on effusion samples in cats with and without feline infectious peritonitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Longstaff ◽  
Emily Porter ◽  
Victoria J Crossley ◽  
Sophie E Hayhow ◽  
Christopher R Helps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Objectives The aim of the study was to determine whether feline coronavirus (FCoV) RNA in effusion samples can be used as a diagnostic marker of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP); and in FCoV RNA-positive samples to examine amino acid codons in the FCoV spike protein at positions 1058 and 1060 where leucine and alanine, respectively, have been associated with systemic or virulent (FIP) FCoV infection. Methods Total RNA was extracted from effusion samples from 20 cats with confirmed FIP and 23 cats with other diseases. Feline coronavirus RNA was detected using a reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay (qRT-PCR), and positive samples underwent pyrosequencing of position 1058 with or without Sanger sequencing of position 1060 in the FCoV spike protein. Results Seventeen (85%) of the effusion samples from 20 cats with FIP were positive for FCoV RNA, whereas none of the 23 cats with other diseases were positive. Pyrosequencing of the 17 FCoV-positive samples showed that 11 (65%) of the cats had leucine and two (12%) had methionine at position 1058. Of the latter two samples with methionine, one had alanine at position 1060. Conclusions and relevance A positive FCoV qRT-PCR result on effusions appears specific for FIP and may be a useful diagnostic marker for FIP in cats with effusions. The majority of FCoVs contained amino acid changes previously associated with systemic spread or virulence (FIP) of the virus.

Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Prednisolone Acetate Vs Difluprednate Vs Loteprednol Eye drops Post Cataract Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaliya Ambereen ◽  
Shankar C ◽  
Adnan Mohamed Matheen ◽  
Premnath G ◽  
Stephen Sudhakar
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Prednisolone Acetate ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Safety And Efficacy

scholarly journals Subarachnoid diverticulum associated with feline infectious peritonitis in a Siberian cat

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205511692094147
Author(s):  
Christopher Hoey ◽  
George Nye ◽  
Angela Fadda ◽  
Janet Bradshaw ◽  
Emi N Barker
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Choroid Plexitis ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Case summary A 7-month-old Siberian cat was presented for investigation of acute onset multifocal neurological deficits. Neurological examination documented dull mental status and an ambulatory left hemiparesis. Serum biochemistry documented marked hyperglobulinaemia. MRI of the brain identified marked leptomeningeal contrast enhancement extending along the brainstem caudally to involve the cranial cervical spinal cord. MRI of the cervical spine further identified a subarachnoid diverticulum that extended from the level of the obex to the C2–C3 vertebrae. Cerebrospinal fluid quantitative RT-PCR was positive for the presence of feline coronavirus. Histopathology revealed pyogranulomatous meningitis and choroid plexitis, uveitis and nephritis. Relevance and novel information This article describes the first reported case of a subarachnoid diverticulum associated with feline infectious peritonitis.

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