scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic: Influence of Schools, Age Groups, and Virus Variants in Italy

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269
Author(s):  
Giovanni Sebastiani ◽  
Giorgio Palù
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Government

The estimated smooth curve of the percentage of subjects positive to SARS-CoV-2 started decreasing in Italy at the beginning of January 2021, due to the government containment measures undertaken from Christmas until 7 January. Approximately two weeks after releasing the measures, the curve stopped to decrease and remained approximately constant for four weeks to increase again in the middle of February. This epidemic phase had a public health care impact since, from the beginning of the fourth week of February, the curve of the intensive care unit’s occupancy started to grow. This wave of infection was characterized by the presence of new virus variants, with a higher than 80% dominance of the so-called “English” variant, since 15 April. School activities in Italy started at different times from 7 January until 8 February, depending on every region’s decision. Our present data on the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in different age groups in Italy are in agreement with literature reports showing that subjects older than 10 years are involved in virus transmission. More importantly, we provide evidence to support the hypothesis that also individuals of age 0–9 years can significantly contribute to the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Integrated universal HIV testing with public health care program: an exploratory study of 1.1 million people from Eastern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiansheng Xie ◽  
Fumin Liu ◽  
Nanping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Health Care Program

Abstract Objective By investigating the large-scale HIV antibody screening of more than 1 million people, we explored weather the strategy of integrated universal HIV testing in a public health care program was useful. Methods We used a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method in a community-based investigation of 30 sample points within 9 counties in the Zhejiang province. The HIV antibody was detected, and demographic information was collected. Results Of the 1 113 030 people screened for HIV, 310 tested positive (adjusted HIV prevalence, 3.45/10000; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.41–3.48). The HIV prevalence was higher in men(5.62/10000 ) than in women(1.17/10000) of all ages; those in the 25–34 and 35–44 age groups were highest (compared with the < 15 age group, the adjusted odds ratios were 25.69 and 18.48, respectively). The HIV prevalence at the medium gross domestic product (GDP) level (adjusted HIV prevalence, 5.28/10000; 95% CI, 4.53–6.04) was significantly higher than those at high and low GDP levels Especially in the male 25–34 and 35–44 age groups. Compared with the native HIV positive population, the migrants were younger, did not have a stable sexual partner, and had a lower level of education. Conclusion By using universal HIV testing integrated into a public health care program was feasible and (perhaps) effective in finding new HIV cases. We should pay more attention to the 25–44 age male population, as well as migrants in our HIV/AIDS control strategies, especial in industrial activity district.

scholarly journals MEMAKNAI PENTINGNYA PERAWATAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS HIDUP

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Dwi Sogi Sri Redjeki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
The Government

 Latar belakang: Pembangunan perawatan kesehatan merupakan bentuk aktivitas dalam rangka mengisi kemerdekaan bangsa supaya dapat mewujudkan masyarakat yang sehat dan kuat. Salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan penyelenggaraan pelayanan kesehatan. Pelayanan kesehatan adalah sebuah kegiatan yang diberikan kepada individu maupun masyarakat oleh pemerintah dengan tujuan untuk mencegah dan menyembuhkan penyakit individu maupun masyarakat.Tujuan: Perawatan kesehatan masyarakat mengacu pada kemampuan untuk: a) membuat dan memelihara hubungan dengan orang lain; b) berinteraksi dengan baik dengan orang-orang dan lingkungan, sehingga dengan pemahaman kesehatan tersebut dapat menunjukkan kemampuan untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan yang berubah serta bertujuan memberikan pemaknaan sebagai kemampuan seseorang untuk berpikir secara konkrit, obyektif dalam norma dan kepatutan yang layak dalam sebuah atau suatu sistem (misal: keluarga, atau masyarakat) dalam rangka untuk merespons secara adaptif terhadap berbagai tantangan lingkungan. Metode: Penulisan ilmiah ini dilakukan dengan melakukan analisa akademik dari aspek berbagai sumber rujukan relevan sehingga menemukan makna teoritis baru dalam rangka menjawab tantangan perawatan kesehatan yang terjadi di masyarakat.Hasil: Paradigma perawatan kesehatan masyarakat merupakan suatu strategi baru pembangunan kesehatan yang memandang masalah kesehatan sebagai suatu variable kontinyu, direncanakan dalam suatu sistem desentralisasi, dengan kegiatan pelayanan yang senantiasa bersifat promotif untuk mengentaskan kesehatan masyarkat, oleh tenaga kesehatan professional bersama masyarakat yang partisipatif. Kata kunci: perawatgan kesehatan, kesehatan masyarakat, hidup sehat AbstractBackground: Health care development is a form of activity to fill the nation's independence which has a role to create a healthy and strong society. One of them is by conducting health services. Health service is an activity provided to individuals and communities by the government to prevent and cure individual and community diseases. Purpose: Public health care refers to the ability to: a) make and maintain relationships with others; b) interacts well with people and the environment, so that understanding of health can demonstrate the ability to adapt to a changing environment and aims to provide meaning as a person's ability to think concretely, objectively inappropriate norms and appropriateness in a system or system (e.g. family, or community) to respond adaptively to various environmental challenges. Method: This scientific paper is carried out by conducting academic analysis from various aspects of relevant reference sources to find new theoretical meaning to answer the challenges of health care that occur in society. Results: The public health paradigm is a new health development strategy that views health issues as a continuous variable, planned in a decentralized system, with service activities that are always promotive to alleviate public health, by professional health workers together with participatory communities. Keywords: health care, public health, healthy living 

The untold story of plight of Ayurveda in pre and post-independent India

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Shriram Savrikar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Health Care Sector ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Unethical Practices ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medicine Today ◽  
Population Ratio

India will exceed WHO recommended Doctor: population ratio of 1:1000 in 2024 with only MBBS doctors. Thereafter 8 lac registered ISM&H doctors will become surplus. They will have no place to go and no means to survive. Otherwise also as a doctor they were never a part of modern medicine oriented public health care sector. Occasionally whenever they are entertained in this sector, care is taken to keep their status and wages lower than that of a nursing personnel. Delivery of Ayurveda services was never allowed through public health care sector since pre-independence. The script of this neglect was written by Bhore committee in 1946. The Indian administrators in post-independent India, followed the same script. Outside the government, in absence of clear policy on permission or prohibition to practice modern medicine, and without any appropriate training, Ayurveda practitioners, facing occasional prosecutions, continued to practice modern medicine. Today their fate remains undecided. Still 50000+ ISM&H graduates come out every year from Universities to try their luck. This is totally unethical on the part of every responsible Indian and the concerned authorities. This is amounting to mass unemployment and frustration among this youth power. Prohibition on delivery of Ayurveda service through public health service, keeping ambiguity on the issue of permission or prohibition of practice of modern medicine by Ayurveda practitioner, allowing exposure of people to Ayurveda practitioners for receiving modern medicine treatment, when the Ayurveda practitioner is not trained for delivery of such service and allowing exponential increase in number of ISM&H practitioners to the tune of 52000 every year in absence of assured survival means; all these activities are extremely unethical on the part of government authorities. Immediate steps need to be taken to stop these unethical practices and save this deterioration and plight of Ayurveda.

Spain's COVID-19 situation is particularly precarious

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government ◽  
Parliamentary Support ◽  
The Eu

Significance The lack of coordination between regions, an inefficient system of testing and tracing and the rapid reopening of society and the economy have contributed to this poor performance. However, the number of deaths has not increased significantly, sparing the healthcare system from the pressure it faced earlier this year. Impacts The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on Spain's economy will prompt Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez to seek more assistance from the EU. The government can no longer expect parliamentary support from the Republican Left of Catalonia party. Pressures to expand investment in public health care will grow, but resource constraints will limit the government's response.

scholarly journals Disparities in Health in State of Haryana

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Tarun Bala
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Government

<div><p><em>Equitable health care is feasible through proper resource allocation and access to health care is resolute by health needs and utilization of public health services.</em><em> </em><em>Access to health care, as a determinant of health,  may be unequally distributed if over a period of time  proper policies and reforms are not introduced. Increasing urban-rural socio-economic disparities jeopardized the fairness in social welfare and particularly the equity of access to health care, which has been widely considered a key objective of health care policies, in turn putting the disadvantaged communities in especially vulnerable position by increasing their health risks. The present study is primarily concerned with the analyzing the progress/ availability of public health care facilities during the periods of development in the state of Haryana, India  and  differences in  District level health indicators while discussing the provision, availability, accessibility and utilization of health care facilities in the study area i.e. shortlisted from the State of Haryana. This study concludes disparities in health indictors over a period of time as disparities among the Districts /regions in the   availability of infrastructure and other health indictors. Though, the government has declared socially backwards Districts of Haryana, as  high priority Districts yet, the situation seems as it is and has sans improved or marginally improved .Similarly the lack of proper awareness w.r.t. utilization of available health care facilities  as provided by the Governments both Union and State also contributed to widening of disparities in some backward Districts of Haryana. There has been a dire  need to motivate the people about the proper utilization of available health care services provided by the respective Governments and reconsideration and Redressal of  the health issues  is also required at both levels -  consumption as well services providing provisions .  Access issues is  also essential for informing public decision- and policy-making aimed at  providing better life to its citizen. </em></p></div>

scholarly journals The Privatization of Health Care System in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863292093449
Author(s):  
Redwanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Health Care Sector ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care System

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 highlights the development of the health care sector through privatization. This study examines the factors that prompted the privatization of the health care sector in Saudi Arabia. This is a scoping review based on an extensive review of both published and unpublished documents. We have accessed different search engines and databases to collect various research publications, journal articles, government reports, policy and planning documents, and relevant press reports/articles. While privatization of the health care sector in Saudi Arabia has experienced an upward trend, the public health care sector remains vital to bring in overall improvements in the health of all sections of Saudi Arabia’s population. Keeping this in view, the government must strengthen its public health care sector to ensure affordable, accessible, and high-quality health care for all. This manuscript focuses on the policy aspect of the privatization of health care and is based on secondary research material. Increased privatization leads to rising expenses in health care, while adversely affecting equity and accountability in the provision of its services. Although this study is an independent analysis of Saudi Arabia’s health care system, lessons learned from this context could be used widely for policy-making in other countries with similar socioeconomic settings.

scholarly journals Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Ibu Hamil Melakukan Tes HIV di Puskesmas Kota Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Dwi Mutia Wenny ◽  
Yanri Wijayanti Subronto ◽  
Mohammad Hakimi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
The Government

Factors affecting pregnant women’s participation in HIV screening test in public health care centers of YogyakartaPurposeThis study aimed to explore the behavioral factors that influence pregnant women’s participation in HIV testing in public health centers of Yogyakarta. MethodsThis research used quantitative and qualitative methods with a quantitative analytical descriptive design and cross-sectional observational approach to determine any association between independent variables and the dependent variable. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted to support the results of the quantitative research. ResultsResults showed 92.94% of respondents had been HIV tested with an average age of 25-34 years. Almost all pregnant women had an HIV test in a clinic although not all mothers have the knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and perceived benefits. While the exposure information, and support of health workers were high, and there was a perception of low resistance, since the HIV test is a test done by health workers and an initiative of the government program. ConclusionThis study recommends that counseling and information on HIV and HIV testing from health workers and support from related agencies are needed. Subsequent research could examine factors that affect healthcare workers' performance in providing education to health-care users.

scholarly journals Pembinaan desa wisata sehat gabungan dengan melibatkan mahasiswa interprofesi dalam melatih kader Program Indonesia Sehat – Pendekatan Keluarga (PIS-PK)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widyandana Widyandana ◽  
Tutik Kusdaryanti ◽  
Dimas S.E.W Sumunar ◽  
Dianing Pratiwi ◽  
Fitriana Fitriana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Healthy Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

The Government of Republic of Indonesia launched Healthy Indonesia Program with Family-Centered Approach (PIS-PK). This program intended to improve public health in commons beneath the management of public health care. However, it remains challenging for public health care to reach all families in the working area. Active participation from volunteers or cadres to encourage the implementation of this program is required. Gabugan Tourism Village is an educational tourism village in a vision to develop the concept of "healthy tourism village". Determination from the local government to achieve healthy tourism village taken by joining collaboration with Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada (FK-KMK UGM).Together with interprofessional students from the campus, local government arranged training for cadre and assist during program implementation. This study aimed to identify the Healthy Family Index (HFI) of residents in the Gabugan Tourism Village and evaluate the cadre’s level of knowledge before and after training sessions. This was action research with a quantitative descriptive method. Data collected from August 4th, 2018 to September 7th, 2018. Research subjects were family and health cadres. Sample of 50 families from 100 families population surveyed to discover Healthy Family Index (HFI), while cadres were receiving training session related to "healthy tourism villages". Pre-test and post-test followed by cadres during the training session. Survey results analyzed using quantitative descriptive, meanwhile, Wilcoxon tests set to compare pre-test and post-test scores. From 50 families an HFI average of 0.810 obtained. The highest indicator of healthy family index was access to clean water facilities and the use of healthy latrines. The lowest index found at hypertension patients taking regular medication. The results of pre-test and post-test cadres indicated rising average with value of 3,823 and p = 0,000. Families in Gabugan Tourism Village generally in the healthy group. Training program involving interprofessional students proven to significantly increase the knowledge of health cadres.

scholarly journals Optimal Population Policy with Health Care and Lethal Pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Lehmijoki ◽  
Tapio Palokangas
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Social Optimum ◽  
Private Health Care ◽  
Pigouvian Tax ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Optimal Population ◽  
The Government

AbstractOptimal population policy is examined in the following setup. Families invest in capital, spend on health care and determine their number of children. Firms produce output from labor, capital and pollutants. Pollution increases, but private and public health care decrease mortality dynamically, with lags. Our main findings are the following. A marginal increase in public health care improves welfare as long as it diminishes the mortality rate more than that in private health care. The government can decentralize the social optimum by a parental tax on newborns and a Pigouvian tax on pollutants. Private health care should not be taxed.

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