scholarly journals Work-Related Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) Infection: A Systematic Review

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1753
Author(s):  
Angela Stufano ◽  
Hamid Reza Jahantigh ◽  
Francesco Cagnazzo ◽  
Francesca Centrone ◽  
Daniela Loconsole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Familial Cluster ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Adult T Cell Leukemia ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) belong to the delta group of retroviruses which may cause a life-long infection in humans, HTLV-1 leading to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and other diseases. Different transmission modes have been described, such as breastfeeding, and, as for other blood-borne pathogens, unsafe sexual activity, intravenous drug usage, and blood transfusion and transplantation. The present systematic review was conducted to identify all peer-reviewed studies concerning the work-related infection by HTLV-1/2. A literature search was conducted from January to May 2021, according to the PRISMA methodology, selecting 29 studies: seven related to health care workers (HCWs), five to non-HCWs, and 17 to sex workers (SWs). The findings showed no clear evidence as to the possibility of HTLV-1/2 occupational transmission in HCWs, according to the limited number and quality of the papers. Moreover, non-HCWs showed a higher prevalence in jobs consistent with a lower socioeconomic status or that could represent a familial cluster, and an increased risk of zoonotic transmission from STLV-1-infected non-human primates has been observed in African hunters. Finally, a general increase of HTLV-1 infection was observed in SWs, whereas only one paper described an increased prevalence for HTLV-2, supporting the urgent need for prevention and control measures, including screening, diagnosis, and treatment of HTLV-1/2, to be offered routinely as part of a comprehensive approach to decrease the impact of sexually transmitted diseases in SWs.

scholarly journals Climate Change, Weather, Housing Precarity, and Homelessness: A Systematic Review of Reviews

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5812
Author(s):  
Mariya Bezgrebelna ◽  
Kwame McKenzie ◽  
Samantha Wells ◽  
Arun Ravindran ◽  
Michael Kral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
The Impact

This systematic review of reviews was conducted to examine housing precarity and homelessness in relation to climate change and weather extremes internationally. In a thematic analysis of 15 reviews (5 systematic and 10 non-systematic), the following themes emerged: risk factors for homelessness/housing precarity, temperature extremes, health concerns, structural factors, natural disasters, and housing. First, an increased risk of homelessness has been found for people who are vulnerably housed and populations in lower socio-economic positions due to energy insecurity and climate change-induced natural hazards. Second, homeless/vulnerably-housed populations are disproportionately exposed to climatic events (temperature extremes and natural disasters). Third, the physical and mental health of homeless/vulnerably-housed populations is projected to be impacted by weather extremes and climate change. Fourth, while green infrastructure may have positive effects for homeless/vulnerably-housed populations, housing remains a major concern in urban environments. Finally, structural changes must be implemented. Recommendations for addressing the impact of climate change on homelessness and housing precarity were generated, including interventions focusing on homelessness/housing precarity and reducing the effects of weather extremes, improved housing and urban planning, and further research on homelessness/housing precarity and climate change. To further enhance the impact of these initiatives, we suggest employing the Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA).

scholarly journals What is the impact of multimorbidity on the risk of hospitalisation in older adults? A systematic review study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e049974
Author(s):  
Luciana Pereira Rodrigues ◽  
Andréa Toledo de Oliveira Rezende ◽  
Letícia de Almeida Nogueira e Moura ◽  
Bruno Pereira Nunes ◽  
Matias Noll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Review Study ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe development of multiple coexisting chronic diseases (multimorbidity) is increasing globally, along with the percentage of older adults affected by it. Multimorbidity is associated with the concomitant use of multiple medications, a greater possibility of adverse effects, and increased risk of hospitalisation. Therefore, this systematic review study protocol aims to analyse the impact of multimorbidity on the occurrence of hospitalisation in older adults and assess whether this impact changes according to factors such as sex, age, institutionalisation and socioeconomic status. This study will also review the average length of hospital stay and the occurrence of hospital readmission.Methods and analysisA systematic review of the literature will be carried out using the PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria will incorporate cross-sectional, cohort and case–control studies that analysed the association between multimorbidity (defined as the presence of ≥2 and/or ≥3 chronic conditions and complex multimorbidity) and hospitalisation (yes/no, days of hospitalisation and number of readmissions) in older adults (aged ≥60 years or >65 years). Effect measures will be quantified, including ORs, prevalence ratios, HRs and relative risk, along with their associated 95% CI. The overall aim of this study is to widen knowledge and to raise reflections about the association between multimorbidity and hospitalisation in older adults. Ultimately, its findings may contribute to improvements in public health policies resulting in cost reductions across healthcare systems.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. The results will be disseminated via submission for publication to a peer-reviewed journal when complete.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021229328.

scholarly journals THE SAFEST REVIEW: THE SHOCK-ABSORBING FLOORING EFFECTIVENESS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IN CARE SETTINGS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S492-S493
Author(s):  
Amy K Drahota ◽  
Bethany E Keenan ◽  
Chantelle Lachance ◽  
Lambert Felix ◽  
James P Raftery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Clinical Trial Registries ◽  
Injurious Falls ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Implementation Studies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Falls in hospitals and care homes are a major issue of international concern. Falls cost the US $34 billion a year, with injurious falls being particularly life-limiting and costly. Shock-absorbing flooring decreases the stiffness of the ground surface to reduce the impact of a fall. There is a growing body of evidence on flooring for fall-related injury prevention, however no systematic review exists to inform practice. We systematically reviewed the evidence on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of shock-absorbing flooring use for fall-related injury prevention in care settings. We searched six databases, clinical trial registries, conference proceedings, theses/dissertations, websites, reference lists, conducted forward citation searches, and liaised with experts in the field. We conducted study selection, data collection, and critical appraisal independently in duplicate. We evaluated the influence of shock-absorbing flooring on fall-related injuries, falls, and staff work-related injuries. We adopted a mixed methods approach considering evidence from randomised, non-randomised, economic, qualitative, and implementation studies. We assessed and reported the quality of outcomes using the GRADE approach and Summary of Findings Tables. This review, conducted over the course of 2019, summarises the certainty of the evidence on whether and which shock-absorbing floors influence injuries from falls, the chance of someone falling over, and work-related injuries in staff (e.g. from manoeuvring equipment across softer floors). Our findings are applicable to health and social care professionals, buildings and facilities managers, carers, older adults, architects, and designers. Funded by National Institute for Health Research, Health Technology Assessment (ref 17/148/11); registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019118834).

scholarly journals P070: Mixed effectiveness of emergency department diversion strategies: a systematic review

CJEM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. S102
Author(s):  
S.W. Kirkland ◽  
A. Soleimani ◽  
B.H. Rowe ◽  
A.S. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Diverting patients away from the emergency department (ED) has been proposed as a solution for reducing ED overcrowding. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the effectiveness of diversion strategies designed to either direct patients seeking care at an ED to an alternative source of care. Methods: Seven electronic databases and grey literature were searched. Randomized/controlled clinical trials and cohort studies assessing the effectiveness of pre-hospital and ED-based diversion interventions with a comparator were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened the studies for relevance, inclusion, and risk of bias. Intervention effects are reported as proportions (%) or relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Methodological and clinical heterogeneity prohibited pooling of study data. Results: From 7,306 citations, ten studies were included. Seven studies evaluated a pre-hospital diversion strategy and three studies evaluated an ED-based diversion strategy. The impact of diversion on subsequent health services was mixed. One study of paramedic practitioners reported increased ED attendance within 7 days (11.9% vs. 9.5%; p=0.049) but no differences in return visits for similar conditions (75.2% vs. 72.1%; p=0.64). The use of paramedic practitioners was associated with an increased risk of subsequent contact with health care services (RR=1.21, 95% CI 1.06, 1.38), while the use of deferred care was associated with no increase in risk of subsequently seeking physician care (RR=1.09, 95% CI 0.23, 5.26). While two studies reported that diverted patients were at significantly reduced risk for hospitalization, two other studies reported no significant differences between diverted or standard care patients. Conclusion: The evidence regarding the impact of pre-hospital and ED-based diversion on ED utilization and subsequent health care utilization is mixed. Additional high-quality comparative effectiveness studies of diversion strategies are required prior to widespread implementation.

Prevalence of HIV-1, HIV-2 and HTLV antibody, in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil, 1993-1994

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Broutet ◽  
A. de Queiroz Sousa ◽  
F. Placido Basilio ◽  
H. Luis Sa ◽  
F. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Hiv 1

To evaluate the respective part of HIV-1, HIV-2 and human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection in Fortaleza, the principal city of the Ceara state (Northeast of Brazil), a cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey was conducted from July 1993 to February 1994 in 6 selected groups: pregnant women, tuberculosis (Tb) patients, sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients, female and male commercial sex workers (CSWs) and prisoners. Sera were screened by Mixt HIV-1/HIV-2 commercial enzyme immunoassay and ELISA HTLV I/II. Each serum found positive by ELISA was confirmed by Western blot. A total of 2917 persons were interviewed, of whom 2754 (94.4%) agreed to participate and gave a blood sample. Twenty-eight were found to be HIV-1 antibody positive. The prevalence ranged from 0.25% in pregnant women to 2.9% in male CSWs. The prevalence was 1% in STD patients and 0.44% in Tb patients. None of the sera was found positive for HIV-2. The prevalence of antibodies to HTLV-I varied from 0.12% in pregnant women to 1.21% in female CSWs. Five sera were positive for HTLV-II. These results confirm the hypothesis that the HIV epidemic in Northeastern Brazil is still limited to high risk groups. Repeated cross-sectional surveys of this type should be performed as a surveillance tool to study the dynamics of this epidemic in low prevalence areas. Defining risk factors should allow targeting of intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Effect of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents on the efficacy of intravesical BCG treatment of bladder cancer: A systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Fahmy ◽  
Alejandro Lazo-Langner ◽  
Alla E. Iansavichene ◽  
Stephen E. Pautler
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Intravesical Bcg ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

We performed a systematic review of publications describing a correlation between oral anticoagulant medications and intravesical BCG outcome. We collected information on the impact of such medications on tumour recurrence and progression and we excluded papers not reporting outcome correlations. Patients were divided into group 1 and 2 based on whether they were taking or not taking any anticoagulant medications. A total of 7 manuscripts published between 1990 and 2009 were included in this study. Data heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. In studies combining all anticoagulant medications, 3 out of 5 (60%) publications did not identify any difference in outcome, while 2 (40%) documented significantly more recurrences in group 1 patients. In studies performing multivariate analysis and only examining the intake of 1 medication, warfarin alone seemed to be associated with increased risk of bladder tumour recurrences and progression following intravesical BCG treatment, while ASA alone seemed to be associated with more protective effects. There is no strong evidence to support the allegations of a protective role of ASA and a deleterious role for warfarin. Further, well-designed experimental and clinical studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of action of intravesical BCG along with possible drug interactions. 

scholarly journals Neurocognitive Deficits Associated With ADHD in Athletes: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poyrung Poysophon ◽  
Ashwin L. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Symptom Reporting ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Context: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder and is frequently diagnosed in young adults. Emerging studies suggest a relationship between ADHD and concussion. Objective: To determine whether athletes with ADHD are at increased risk for neurocognitive deficits related to concussion risk, symptom reporting, and recovery. Data Sources: A comprehensive search of PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Studies conducted between 2006 and 2017 were reviewed, although only those between 2013 and 2017 met inclusion criteria. Study Selection: Studies that examined neurocognitive deficits in adolescent and young adult athletes aged 15 to 19 years who had ADHD and reported using notable neuropsychological evaluation tools were included. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Results: A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of ADHD in athletes varied between 4.2% and 8.1%. Overall, athletes with ADHD demonstrated lower scores on neurocognitive testing such as the ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test), increased risk for concussion, and increased symptom reporting. There was no evidence that treatment with stimulant medication changed these risks. Conclusion: ADHD is associated with increased neurocognitive deficits in athletes, although pathophysiology remains unclear. Evidence for stimulant treatment in athletes with ADHD continues to be sparse.

ON THE DYNAMICS MALARIA-DYSENTERY CO-INFECTION MODEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 453-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZEEM OARE OKOSUN
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Treatment Measures ◽  
Existence And Stability ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, a mathematical model for malaria-dysentery co-infection was formulated in order to study and examine its dynamic relationship in the presence of malaria and dysentery preventive and treatment measures. First, analysis of the single infection steady states was done and then the basic reproduction number was obtained. Furthermore, investigation into the existence and stability of equilibria carried out. The single infection models were found to exhibit the possibility of backward bifurcation. Thereafter, the impact of malaria on the dynamics of dysentery is further investigated. Second, incorporating time-dependent controls, using Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, the necessary conditions for the optimal control of the disease was derived. It is found that malaria infection may be associated with an increased risk of dysentery. Also, that dysentery infection may be associated with an increased risk for malaria. Therefore, to effectively control malaria, the malaria intervention strategies by policy makers must at the same time it also includes effective prevention and control measures for dysentery. Policy makers should take efforts on preventive strategies in combating dysentery and malaria.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Treponema Pallidum Infections in Nigerian Patients with Leprosy

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
C M Nwosu ◽  
S N N Nwosu ◽  
K C Okoye
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Leprosy Patient ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Fifty-one patients were selected from 4 leprosaria in eastern Nigeria and were examined for evidence of syphilis. They were screened serologically for treponemal and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Information about their sexual behaviour and demographic data were obtained to determine the factors associated with increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STD). They were compared with 115 controls. The results showed that positive treponemal tests were more common in those patients living outside the leprosaria ( P<0.05). Age and sex of the patients living inside the leprosaria were not factors associated with treponemal infections. Leprosy appeared to be a factor for T. pallidum infection when compared with the control group ( P < 0.05; OR 476; CI 1.16,19.5). One leprosy patient and one control subject had positive HIV tests and there was no significant association between leprosy and HIV infection. These findings suggest the possibility of the spread of sexually transmitted diseases amongst the leprosy patient population. The importance with respect to control measures is that leprosy patients living outside leprosaria may constitute a potential reservoir for introducing sexually transmitted diseases into the leprosaria.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document