scholarly journals Ocular Manifestations after Receiving COVID-19 Vaccine: A Systematic Review

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1404
Author(s):  
Yu-Kuei Lee ◽  
Yi-Hsun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Life Threatening

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had profound and lasting consequences since 2019. Although vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed and approved under emergency use authorization, various adverse events have also been reported after COVID-19 vaccination. This review was undertaken to help clinicians recognize the possible manifestations and systemic pathogenesis, especially those related to the eye, after receiving COVID-19 vaccination. A systemic search was performed on 22 August 2021 through Embase, Medline, and Cochrane Library for publications on ocular manifestations after COVID-19 vaccination. Two case-control studies/retrospective cohort studies, one cross-sectional study, three case series, sixteen case reports, two images, and seven letters were included. Ocular manifestations after receiving COVID-19 vaccines may appear on the eyelid, cornea and ocular surface, retina, uvea, nerve, and vessel. The ocular manifestations occurred up to forty-two days after vaccination, and vaccine-induced immunologic responses may be responsible. Although the incidence rate of ocular symptoms is considerably lower in the vaccinated subjects than in COVID-19 patients, physicians should be aware of the possible associations between COVID-19 vaccines and ocular symptoms for the early diagnosis and treatment of vision problems or life-threatening complications.

scholarly journals Probable Neuropsychological & Cognitive Complications due to Cytokine Storm in Patients With COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Zahra Keshtgar ◽  
◽  
GH. Reza Chalabianloo ◽  
Niloofar Esmaeili ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tnf Α

Introduction: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) was identified in China in December 2019 for the first time and is rapidly spreading throughout the world as a pandemic. As COVID-19 causes mild to severe acute respiratory syndrome, most studies in this context have focused on pathogenesis primarily in the respiratory system. However, evidence shows that the central nervous system (CNS) may also be affected by COVID-19. Since COVID-19 is spreading, it is imperative to study its possible cognitive effects in patients suffering and recovering from COVID-19. Methods: The articles used in this study were searched by keywords such as Cytokine storm and covid-19, covid-19 and executive dysfunction, cognitive disorder and covid-19, CNS and covid 19, Coronavirus, Neuroinvasion in science direct, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist. The study will assess all observational studies published between December 2019 and April 2021 in peer-reviewed journals, including cross-sectional, cohort, case-control studies, case reports and case series. The search result was 106 articles, of which 73 articles related to Covid-19, the stages of infection by this virus, its effect on the nervous system and neurological symptoms, the cytokine storm caused by this infection, and the possible cognitive consequences caused by this virus in patients, has been reviewed. Other articles were not checked due to their limited relevance to the topic under discussion. Results: Studies show that neurons may be directly affected by SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, various studies indicate that systemic inflammation (so-called "cytokine storm") is also responsible for brain damage induced by infection with SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Such a way that this patients showed elevated levels of interleukin (IL-), 6, 8, and 10 and of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) in their blood. Conclusion: Various cognitive defects following an increase level of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6,8 have been observed. Therefore, due to the increase level of these pro-inflammatory factors in the brains of these patients, cognitive deficits can be expected, which need further investigation.

The Frequency of Scleroderma Renal Crisis over Time: A Metaanalysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1350-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Turk ◽  
Janet E. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Scleroderma Renal Crisis ◽  
Cohort Size ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Renal Crisis ◽  
Over Time

Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) leads to a high mortality from internal organ involvement. Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) usually occurs in the diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) subset early in the disease, often with acute severe hypertension and renal failure. Prevalence of SRC since its classification in the early 1970s was determined in publications to assess whether the prevalence of SRC has changed over time because the proportion with the dcSSc subset is smaller in contemporary cohorts.Methods.A review of the literature was conducted up to May 2015 using the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Articles were included if they mentioned the prevalence of SRC and were cohort or cross-sectional studies with 50 or more patients with SSc. Articles were excluded if they were not in English or were a case series of SRC or case-control studies.Results.Of the 5317 citations identified, 22 qualified. Years of publication were from 1983 to 2011, and cohort size varied from 68 to 8554 patients with SSc totaling 21,908 patients (9248 with dcSSc, 42%). There was no statistical reduction in the temporal prevalence of SRC noticed in the overall patients (4%), patients with dcSSc (7%–9%), or patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc; 0.5%–0.6%) based on either the start date of the cohort or publication date.Conclusion.It appears that SRC remains uncommon in lcSSc and the rate in the dcSSc group may be stable over time. However, increasing awareness of SRC could lead to higher rates in more recent years and/or better survival from SRC, but this was not observed.

scholarly journals Oral Manifestations of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12511
Author(s):  
Giulia Orilisi ◽  
Marco Mascitti ◽  
Lucrezia Togni ◽  
Riccardo Monterubbianesi ◽  
Vincenzo Tosco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Ulcers ◽  
Global Pandemic

Background: COVID-19 disease first appeared in 2019 and quickly spread worldwide, causing a global pandemic. The oral cavity represents a target of SARS-CoV-2, and oral lesions are observed in both non-hospitalized and hospitalized patients. This systematic review aims to investigate the frequency of oral manifestations in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, including articles published up to September 2021. The review protocol was based on PRISMA-P. The risk of bias of the studies was assessed using the Joana Briggs Institute. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE instrument. Results: Fifty-nine articles were included: 19 case reports, 17 case series, 2 case-control studies, 13 cross-sectional studies, 4 observational studies, and 4 retrospective studies. Oral ulcers, cheilitis, and tongue lesions were more common in patients before hospitalization, while perioral pressure ulcers, macroglossia, blisters, and oral candidiasis were more recurrent in patients during hospitalization. The first could be related directly to COVID-19, while the latter could be caused by medical devices, treatments, prone position, and immunological impairment. Conclusions: An accurate oral examination during the hospital admission of all confirmed COVID-19 cases is encouraged to recognize oral early manifestations and to apply appropriate treatments.

625 EFFICACY OF MYOTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH SIGMOID MEGAESOPHAGUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Orlandini ◽  
Maria Carolina Serafim ◽  
Letícia Datrino ◽  
Clara Santos ◽  
Luca Tristão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heller Myotomy ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
The Mean

Abstract   Megaesophagus progress to sigmoid megaesophagus (SM) in 10–15% of patients, presenting tortuosity and sigmoid colon aspect. Esophagectomy is the choice treatment but is associated with high complications and mortality rates. To avoid the esophagectomy inherent morbidity, several authors recommend Heller myotomy (HM) with pull-down technique for SM, mainly for patients with comorbidities and the elderly. This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first to analyze the effectiveness of HM for treating SM. Methods A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library Central, Lilacs (BVS), and manual search of references. Inclusion criteria were: a) clinical trials, cohort studies, case series; b) patients with SM and esophageal diameter ≥ 6 cm; and c) patients undergoing primary myotomy. The exclusion criteria were: a) reviews, case reports, cross-sectional studies, editorials, letters, congress abstracts, full-text unavailability; b) animal studies, c) previous surgical treatment for achalasia; and d) pediatric studies. There were no restrictions on language or date of publication, and no filters were applied for the selection process. Random model and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used. Results Sixteen articles were selected, encompassing 231 patients. The mean age ranged from 36 to 61 years old, and the mean follow-up ranged from 16 to 109 months. The analyzed outcomes include mortality, complications (pneumonia, pneumothorax, gastroesophageal reflux), need for reintervention (remyotomy, dilation and esophagectomy), and results classified as ‘good’ and ‘excellent’. Mortality rate was 0.035 (CI: 0.017–0.07; p < 0.01). Complications rate was 0.08 (CI: 0.04–0.153; p = 0.01). Need for retreatment rate was 0.161 (CI: 0.053–0.399; p < 0.01). Probability of good or excellent outcomes after myotomy was 0.762 (CI: 0.693–0.819; p < 0,01). Conclusion Heller myotomy is an option for avoiding esophagectomy in achalasia, with a low morbimortality rate and good results. It is effective for most patients but will fail in a minority of patients and demand retreatment, be it a remyotomy, endoscopic treatment or esophagectomy.

scholarly journals Frequency and distribution of neglected tropical diseases in Mozambique: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Berta Grau-Pujol ◽  
Marilia Massangaie ◽  
Jorge Cano ◽  
Carmen Maroto ◽  
Alcino Ndeve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than one billion people living in vulnerable conditions. In spite of initiatives recently contributing to fill NTDs gaps on national and local prevalence and distribution, more epidemiological data are still needed for effective control and elimination interventions. Main text Mozambique is considered one of the countries with highest NTDs burden although available data is scarce. This study aims to conduct a systematic review on published available data about the burden and distribution of the different NTDs across Mozambique since January 1950 until December 2018. We identified manuscripts from electronic databases (Pubmed, EmBase and Global Health) and paper publications and grey literature from Mozambique Ministry of Health. Manuscripts fulfilling inclusion criteria were: cross-sectional studies, ecological studies, cohorts, reports, systematic reviews, and narrative reviews capturing epidemiological information of endemic NTDs in Mozambique. Case-control studies, letters to editor, case reports and case series of imported cases were excluded. A total of 466 manuscripts were initially identified and 98 were finally included after the revision following PRISMA guidelines. Eleven NTDs were reported in Mozambique during the study span. Northern provinces (Nampula, Cabo Delgado, Niassa, Tete and Zambezia) and Maputo province had the higher number of NTDs detected. Every disease had their own report profile: while schistosomiasis have been continuously reported since 1952 until nowadays, onchocerciasis and cysticercosis last available data is from 2007 and Echinococcosis have never been evaluated in the country. Thus, both space and time gaps on NTDs epidemiology have been identified. Conclusions This review assembles NTDs burden and distribution in Mozambique. Thus, contributes to the understanding of NTDs epidemiology in Mozambique and highlights knowledge gaps. Hence, the study provides key elements to progress towards the control and interruption of transmission of these diseases in the country.

scholarly journals Diagnosis, investigation and management of breast implant illness

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Daniel WH Wong ◽  
Tai K Lam
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Breast Implant ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Breast Implants ◽  
Silicone Implants ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Silicone Breast Implants ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies

Introduction: An increasing pool of literature proposes a link between silicone implants and autoimmune-related symptoms known colloquially as breast implant illness (BII). We describe the history of BII, reported symptoms, risk factors and previously published diagnostic criteria to aid clinicians in the diagnosis, investigations and management of patients presenting with symptoms that they attribute to their silicone breast implants. Methods: A literature search was performed using MEDLINE®, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effect (DARE) and PubMed in September 2018. The search terms ‘autoimmune inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants’, ‘breast implants’ and ‘silicone’ were used alone and in combination. Results: Thirty-four studies were reviewed including three case reports, 12 case series, 14 retrospective cohort studies, four case control studies and one prospective cohort study. Within this cohort, 18 studies were found regarding the explantation of implants relating to BII. Conclusion: Studies have demonstrated no association between silicone breast implants and any known autoimmune diseases, but there exists a pool of literature suggestive of a relatively undefined condition colloquially known as BII. Serological testing and imaging play an important role in the assessment of patients to exclude other pathology, but these tests remain non-diagnostic for BII. Although medical treatment has shown promise, there is no established treatment for patients. The surgical explantation of implants appears to have positive outcomes for patients; however, the exact nature of the surgery required to achieve this remains unclear.

scholarly journals The Behavior of Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Dental Clinics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hala M. Elkamash ◽  
Hatem M. Abuohashish
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Objectives. This review documents published obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) cases with dental and oral conditions with potential impact on the dental procedure. The research question was, what are the psychiatric and behavioral features of people with OCD that might affect dental sessions? Methods. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration No. CRD42020212371). Six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO) were screened for published clinical studies that report dental patients with obsessions or compulsions behaviors as identified by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Inclusion of the studies was performed according to the eligibility criteria. The quality evaluation was carried out using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist. The results were qualitatively assessed for synthesis. Results. After elimination of duplication, 530 articles were screened, and 35 articles were evaluated for eligibility. 17 studies met the inclusion criteria (8 case reports, 5 cross-sectional studies, 1 longitudinal cohort study, and 3 case-control studies) and were included in the review. All case reports demonstrated symptoms of obsessions or compulsions such as fear of germs and contamination, aggressive thoughts, having things symmetric in perfect order, excessive cleaning or handwashing, repeatedly checking things, and compulsive counting. OCD-related behavior was assessed in the included clinical investigations using standardized protocols such as Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, 4-item Corah Dental Anxiety Scale, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and the Crown Crisp Experimental Index. Quality assessment of the 17 included articles revealed 14 articles with low risk of bias and 3 articles with moderate risk of bias. Conclusion. The reported OCD symptoms may implement psychological difficulties during dental procedures without affecting the outcome. Although there was no contraindication for planning or performing dental treatments for a patient with OCD, dental-related procedures and protocols might be modified for successful dental appointments.

Epidemiological study designs and principles of data analysis: A conceptually integrated suite of methods and techniques

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj S. Bhopal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Study Designs

Epidemiological studies are unified by their common goals and by their basis in defined populations. The case series (or register-based study) includes examination of trends in deaths, cancers, notifiable diseases, and hospitalizations. Case–control studies are analysed by comparing the exposure to risk factors in cases to those in controls. In a population studied at a specific time and place (a cross-sectional study), measurements can be made of disease, the factors which may cause disease, or both simultaneously. Cohort studies produce data on disease incidence and are especially good on associations between risk factors and disease outcomes. Trials compare treated and untreated populations and are used, primarily, for information on effectiveness of health interventions. Natural experiments, including Mendelian randomization studies, may provide causal evidence. The principles for the analysis of all studies are similar. The design and interpretation should be in the context of traditional, systematic, and meta-analytic reviews.

scholarly journals Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Diagnostic Experience in a Reference Hospital: A Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Rocio del Pilar López Panqueva ◽  
David A. Suarez-Zamora ◽  
Luis E. Barrera-Herrera ◽  
Mariam Rolón Cadena
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Merkel Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Merkel Cell ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exposed Skin

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, usually located in sun-exposed skin, with aggressive behavior and with high recurrence risk and metastatic disease. In Latin America, case series have been published, and it does not exceed 32 patients in 10 years, and in Colombia, there are case reports. We present a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study in patients diagnosed with MCC in the Department of Pathology and Laboratories at the University Hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá(FSFB) between January 2003 and December 2018. We present the demographic, clinical, and pathological variables of these patients, as well as a literature review.

scholarly journals Safety of azithromycin in paediatrics: a systematic review protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peipei Xu ◽  
Linan Zeng ◽  
Tao Xiong ◽  
Imti Choonara ◽  
Shamim Qazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional

IntroductionAzithromycin is widely used in children not only in the treatment of individual children with infectious diseases, but also as mass drug administration (MDA) within a community to eradicate or control specific tropical diseases. MDA has also been reported to have a beneficial effect on child mortality and morbidity. However, concerns have been raised about the safety of azithromycin, especially in young children. The aim of this review is to systematically identify the safety of azithromycin in children of all ages.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, CINAHL, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts and adverse drug reaction (ADR) monitoring systems will be systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case–control studies, cross-sectional studies, case series and case reports evaluating the safety of azithromycin in children. The Cochrane risk of bias tool, Newcastle-Ottawa and quality assessment tools, and The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools will be used for quality assessment. Meta-analyses will be conducted to the incidence of ADRs from RCTs if appropriate. Subgroup analyses will be performed in different age and azithromycin dosage groups.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required as no primary data are collected. This systematic review will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018112629

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