scholarly journals Water Footprint for Pulse, Cereal, and Oilseed Crops in Saskatchewan, Canada

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianyuan Ding ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Hui Guo ◽  
Xueyan Li ◽  
Jeff Schoenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Major Factors

The water footprint (WF) of crop production is a friendly approach for the analysis of water resource consumption in agricultural production systems. This study assessed the inter-annual variability of the total WF of three types of main crops, namely, cereal (i.e., spring wheat and barley), oilseed (i.e., canola and sunflower) and pulse (i.e., lentils and chickpea), from the perspective of yield and protein. It also determined the major factors that influence the WFs in Saskatchewan province of Canada. Over the period of 1965–2014, the annual precipitation in Saskatchewan fluctuated considerably but increased slightly with time. The grain yield-based WF ranged between 1.08 and 1.80, 0.90 and 1.38, 1.71 and 2.58, 1.94 and 4.28, 1.47 and 2.37, and 1.39 and 1.79 m3 kg−1; whereas the protein yield-based WF ranged between 7.69 and 10.44, 8.27 and 16.47, 3.79 and 7.75, 4.86 and 11.17, 5.09 and 7.42, and 5.51 and 10.69 m3 kg−1 for spring wheat, barley, canola, sunflower, lentils, and chickpea, respectively. All the WFs of crops generally decreased with time, which could be attributed to precipitation factors. In addition, the scientific and technological progress and agricultural inputs also evidently influenced the grain yield-based WFs of all crops. Pulse crops had a higher grain yield-based WF (an average of 1.59 m3 kg−1 for pulse crops and 1.18 m3 kg−1 for cereal crops) but a lower protein yield-based WF (an average of 6.58 m3 kg−1 for pulse crops and 9.25 m3 kg−1 for cereal crops) than cereal crops. Under conditions of improved protein consumption and healthy living in the future, pulse crops may be a preferred crop.

Spring wheat and canola response to nitrogen placement with no-till side band openers

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
G. E. Hultgreen ◽  
G. L. Hnatowich
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Side Band ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
No Till ◽  
Individual Site

The development of successful no-till crop production systems has led to the practice of applying all the seed and fertilizer in a single field operation. This study was initiated to assist producers in the selection of commercially available bolt-on side banding openers. Field trials were conducted at 10 locations in Saskatchewan over a 2-yr period (1995 and 1996) to evaluate the performance of five bolt-on side band openers on the establishment and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brasica rapa L.). Trial locations were selected to provide a range of soil and environmental conditions. The openers tested included the Flexi-coil Stealth™, Dutch-Vern Eaglebuster™, Swede SW470™, GEN 200 and Morris Edge-On™. Fertilizer nitrogen (N) as urea was applied in the side band at rates of 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha–1 with a side banded starter fertilizer blend of phosphorus, potassium and sulphur. When properly adjusted for individual site soil conditions at seeding, no difference was recorded between the side band openers tested in the establishment and grain yield of spring wheat. Averaged across all N rates, three of the five openers showed poor canola seedling emergence, indicating inadequate seed–fertilizer separation. However, the ability of the canola crop to branch and compensate for poor crop establishment prevented any significant grain yield loss in this study. In cases where differences between openers were observed, the Flexi-Coil Stealth™ and GEN 200™ openers provided the best crop establishment. Given the importance of crop establishment to achieving optimum grain yields, the bolt-on side band openers that provided good crop establishment should be recommended to producers. Key words: Canola, fertilizer placement, no-till, openers, wheat

scholarly journals The effectiveness of weed regulation methods in spring wheat cultivated in integrated, conventional and organic crop production systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Integrated Systems ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Weed Communities

Abstract The research was conducted from 2008 to 2010, and compared the influence of different weed control methods used in spring wheat on the structure of the weed communities and the crop yield. The study was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute in Osiny as part of a long-term trial where these crop production systems had been compared since 1994. In the conventional and integrated systems, spring wheat was grown in a pure stand, whereas in the organic system, the wheat was grown with undersown clover and grasses. In the conventional system, herbicides were applied two times in a growing season, but in the integrated system - only once. The effectiveness of weed management was lower in the organic system than in other systems, but the dry matter of weeds did not exceed 60 g/m2. In the integrated system, the average dry matter of weeds in spring wheat was 4 times lower, and in the conventional system 10 times lower than in the organic system. Weed diversity was the largest in spring wheat cultivated in the organic system. In the conventional and integrated systems, compensation of some weed species was observed (Viola arvensis, Fallopia convolvulus, Equisetum arvense). The comparison of weed communities using Sorenson’s indices revealed more of a similarity between systems in terms of number of weed species than in the number of individuals. Such results imply that qualitative changes are slower than quantitative ones. The yield of grain was the biggest in the integrated system (5.5 t/ha of average). It was 35% higher than in the organic system, and 20% higher than in conventional ones.

348 Integration of Nutrition with Air and Water Environmental Concerns

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 195-195
Author(s):  
Alan Rotz
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Excretion ◽  
Important Concern

Abstract The dairy and beef cattle industries face a number of environmental challenges related to air and water quality as well as the use of limited resources such as water and fossil energy. Mitigation strategies are available and being developed to reduce environmental impacts, but economical solutions remain a challenge. Assessment of mitigation strategies requires a comprehensive evaluation to assure that benefits in one component are not offset by harm in another. Process-based modeling and life cycle assessment provide tools for conducting this type of integrated evaluation. The most cost-effective strategies often begin with animal feeding. The diet of the animal affects resource use and nutrient excretion where the amount and form of nitrogen and phosphorus excreted affect air and water emissions. National assessments of the U.S. beef and dairy industries indicate where mitigation is most needed. Although greenhouse gas emissions receive most of the concern today, water consumption is another important concern, particularly for producers in drier regions such as the western United States. Over 90% of the water consumed in beef and dairy production is used in irrigated feed-crop production. Therefore, animal diets that use byproduct or other feeds not related to irrigated production can provide large reductions in the water footprint of beef and dairy products. Another emerging concern is that of ammonia emission where beef and dairy cattle may contribute more than half of the national emission inventory. Efficient protein feeding is the most economical and effective step that can be taken to reduce this environmental impact. Simulation of mitigation strategies using production system models provides comprehensive evaluation and prioritization among available and possible options, giving direction toward more sustainable ruminant animal production systems.

Organic materials applied as seed treatments or foliar sprays fail to increase grain yield of wheat

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Miers ◽  
MW Perry
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Application Rates

Organic materials derived from fish, seaweed or bacterial cultures, and being sold as 'natural' aids to crop production, were tested for their effects on wheat yield in Western Australia. Six products based on seaweed (Seasol powder and liquid, Kelpak 66), fish (Eco, 10.8.8, Crop Booster) or bacterial culture (Cytozyme Seed Plus), and Complesal, an inorganic nutrient spray, were tested as seed treatments or foliar sprays. Thirty-two replicated field trials (plot size 100 m2) were conducted over 3 years using recommended rates of fertiliser and 'commercial' weed and pest control practices. No statistically significant increases in grain yield were detected from the use of any product in any trial. Average treatment grain yields in 18 trials in 1982 ranged from 99.4 to 10 1.2% of the control and in 12 trials in 1983 from 96.2 to 99.3% of the control. The results give no indication that, at the application rates used, organic materials applied as seed dressings or foliar sprays can increase the grain yield of cereal crops in commercial cultivation.

scholarly journals Bio-Green Foliar Spray Enhances Rice Growth and Productivity in Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tak Tha ◽  
Ply Preap ◽  
Seyha Sorl ◽  
Pao Srean ◽  
Visalsok Touch
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growing Period

The use of bioproducts as biostimulants to stimulate plant growth and to increase yields as an alternative to chemical fertilizers are currently being promoted for cost-effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices of crop production systems. The objective of the study was to determine plant growth and productivity of rice responded to Bio Green application. A short growing period (90 – 95 days) OM-5451 rice variety was used in this study. The rice plants were cultivated in the randomized-completed block with two treatments and six replications in the plot of 2 m * 2 m.  Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer was applied once at a rate of 100 kg/ha. For treatment, Bio-green with a solution of 1% (v/v) was weekly applied as foliage spray; and without Bio-Green as control. The results showed the grain yield was 3.7 t/ha in the treatment and 2.83 t/ha in the control, indicating that 36.4% of the grain yield was increased. The Bio-Green could be significantly used as plant biostimulants to promote plant growth and grain yield in rice in Cambodia.

Effect of composts and inorganic fertilizers on spring wheat growth and N uptake

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gagnon ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
R. Robitaille ◽  
M. Goulet ◽  
R. Rioux
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Total N

The nutrient availability of composts has to be known for their safe use in crop production. A field study was carried out to assess the effect of a spring application of composts and inorganic fertilizers on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Messier') growth and N uptake in eastern Québec (Canada). The experiment was conducted in 1994 and 1995 on two different soils: a Kamouraska clay (Orthic Humic Gleysol) and a Saint-André sandy loam (Fragic Humo-Ferric Podzol). Four composts were applied at rates of 0, 90, 180 and 360 kg total N ha−1. Inorganic fertilizers were applied at rates of 0, 50, 100 and 200% of wheat N, P or K requirements. Treatments in which inorganic fertilizers (IN) were added to composts were also included. Grain yield was increased by N rates whereas composts alone at 90 kg total N ha–1 resulted in lower yields than the control in the first year on the sandy loam. Commercial composts resulted in higher yields than dairy manure composts. Wheat showed no significant response to P and K fertilizers on either soil. Compost rates had no effect on grain N content but commercial composts increased straw N by 36 to 63%. Addition of IN to composts increased grain yield by 0.1 to 1.5 Mg ha−1 and N uptake by 4 to 55 kg N ha−1, depending on soil and weather conditions. Apparent recovery efficiency of added N for composts was −14 to 15% whereas it ranged from 24 to 56% for IN. In spring wheat production, composts should be considered more as organic matter amendments because of their limited N efficiency. Key words: Composted dairy manure, shrimp wastes, peat moss, apparent N recovery

scholarly journals Dynamics of Major Cereals Productivity in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaya Gairhe ◽  
Hari Krishna Shrestha ◽  
Krishna Timsina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Major Factors

Cereal crops have played major roles in addressing food security issues in Nepal. In recent years there have been fluctuations in crop production and demands situations due to various reasons. Thus, the present study aims to analyze the dynamics of major cereals productivity in Nepal from 1995 to 2014. Focus group discussions were done in mid-hills and tarai of Nepal in 2015. Percentage change, compound growth rate, annual rate of change, coefficient of variation, instability index were calculated to analyze results. The result shows that the area, production and productivity of major cereals had an increasing trend over the study period. The major factors contributing on productivity increase in cereal crops were irrigation facilities, use of improved and hybrid seeds, chemical fertilizer and better technical knowhow among the farmers. For effective adoption of research outputs to improve the productivity emphasis should also be given on promotion of public private partnership (PPP) in research and development.

scholarly journals Improving Lodging Resistance: Using Wheat and Rice as Classical Examples

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liaqat Shah ◽  
Muhammad Yahya ◽  
Syed Mehar Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Ahmad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Crop Harvest ◽  
Major Factors

One of the most chronic constraints to crop production is the grain yield reduction near the crop harvest stage by lodging worldwide. This is more prevalent in cereal crops, particularly in wheat and rice. Major factors associated with lodging involve morphological and anatomical traits along with the chemical composition of the stem. These traits have built up the remarkable relationship in wheat and rice genotypes either prone to lodging or displaying lodging resistance. In this review, we have made a comparison of our conceptual perceptions with foregoing published reports and proposed the fundamental controlling techniques that could be practiced to control the devastating effects of lodging stress. The management of lodging stress is, however, reliant on chemical, agronomical, and genetic factors that are reducing the risk of lodging threat in wheat and rice. But, still, there are many questions remain to be answered to elucidate the complex lodging phenomenon, so agronomists, breeders, physiologists, and molecular biologists require further investigation to address this challenging problem.

AAC Perform red spring wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
H.S. Randhawa ◽  
P.D. Brown ◽  
J. Mitchell Fetch ◽  
R. Dhariwal ◽  
T. Fetch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Market ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Registration Trial

AAC Perform, an awned hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, combines high grain yield and good agronomic characteristics with excellent resistance to leaf, stem, and stripe rust. Based on 43 station years of registration trial data from 2017 to 2019, the grain yield of AAC Perform was about 6% higher than AAC Foray and about 12% over AAC Penhold. AAC Perform was significantly shorter than AAC Foray and had straw strength similar to AAC Penhold. It was about two days later maturing than AAC Foray. AAC Perform had similar test weight, smaller kernel size and lower protein concentration as compared with AAC Foray. AAC Perform had milling and baking quality suitable for grades of the Canada Prairie Spring Red wheat market class.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document