scholarly journals Prediction of Seasonal Frost Heave Behavior in Unsaturated Soil in Northeastern China Using Interactive Factor Analysis with Split-Plot Experiments and GRNN

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan ◽  
Bian ◽  
Wu ◽  
Sun ◽  
Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Soluble Salt ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Interaction Factors

Abstract: Few studies of frost heave mechanisms have considered multifactor interactions, particularly in unsaturated saline soils typical of northeastern China. We collected soil samples in western Jijin Province and assessed their potential frost heave behavior with reference to four controllable factors: soluble salt content (CSS), compactness (C), temperature (T), and water content (WC) using a two-level split-plot experiment. The resulting frost heave ratio was between −0.6% and 2.1%. Analysis of variance showed that water content, compactness, and temperature had significant effects on frost heave behavior, with water content having the strongest correlation (factor coefficient of 0.82), while content of soluble salt (CSS) had no significant effect. The interaction factors (products of single factors) CSS × WC and C × WC had significant effects on frost heave behavior. A correlation analysis using these interaction factors with experimental data drawn from previous research showed results consistent with the improved frost heave experiment as the significant effects of single factors on frost heave behavior ranked from WC > C > T and the interaction factors CSS × WC and C × WC gain had significant effects. We then established two generalized regression neural network (GRNN) models based on the single and interaction factors in order to predict frost heave behavior, showing that adding the latter to the input dataset improved the model accuracy. Thus, future research on predicting frost heave behavior in unsaturated saline soils should consider multiple interacting factor for greater accuracy.

scholarly journals Establishment of a Cultivation Mode of Glycine soja, the Bridge of Phytoremediation and Industrial Utilization

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Zongchang Xu ◽  
Tingting Ren ◽  
Prince Marowa ◽  
Xiangwei You ◽  
Xueli Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Soluble Salt ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
Cultivation Mode ◽  
Improvement Programs

Soil salinity is a growing challenge for today’s agriculture. It is one of the most brutal abiotic factors limiting crop productivity globally. Millions of hectares of agricultural land throughout the world are too saline to produce economic crop yields and the area affected by salt accumulation is increasing day by day. Saline soils could however be a potential land resource with utilization value under the process of phytoremediation. Wild soybean (Glycine soja) is a salt-tolerant plant widely used in the cosmetic and pharmaceuticals industries as well as in crop improvement programs. This crop shows potential value for saline soil phytoremediation. However, due to its procumbent growth habit, accumulation of biomass is reduced and consequently reducing its value in phytoremediation. In this study, artificial facilities were used to make wild soybeans grow upright. Compared to the control plants, which yielded 1629.74 kg/ha of seed and 6075.76 kg/ha above ground biomass, erect wild soybean plants yielded 2608.10 kg/ha of seed and 10,286.40 kg/ha of above ground biomass (dry weight). The potential phytoremediation ability of wild soybean was also studied. The wild soybean could absorb up to 264.57 kg soluble salt/ha/year with an average of 25.72‰ salt content. The soluble salt content in the wild soybean rhizosphere was 1.50‰ higher than that in the bulk soil, suggesting that the rhizosphere of wild soybean can enrich soluble salt. The K–Na ratio of seed, leaf, shoot, and capsule were all greater than 1 suggesting that the wild soybean has a good salt tolerance capacity. Additionally, the bioaccumulation factor (BF) value of Na in roots was >1 suggesting that the root of wild soybean was the main organ for Na+ storage and suitable for Na phytostabilization. Furthermore, wild soybean could be potentially play an important role in Ca and Mg phytostabilization due to their corresponding BF values, which were greater than 1 in different organs. In other words, the establishment of a cultivation mode of wild soybean, as demonstrated in this study, will be a bridge towards phytoremediation of saline soils and better industrial utilization of the crop.

Power of Modified Brown-Forsythe and Mixed-Model Approaches in Split-Plot Designs

Methodology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Livacic-Rojas ◽  
Guillermo Vallejo ◽  
Paula Fernández ◽  
Ellián Tuero-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Low precision of the inferences of data analyzed with univariate or multivariate models of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in repeated-measures design is associated to the absence of normality distribution of data, nonspherical covariance structures and free variation of the variance and covariance, the lack of knowledge of the error structure underlying the data, and the wrong choice of covariance structure from different selectors. In this study, levels of statistical power presented the Modified Brown Forsythe (MBF) and two procedures with the Mixed-Model Approaches (the Akaike’s Criterion, the Correctly Identified Model [CIM]) are compared. The data were analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation method with the statistical package SAS 9.2, a split-plot design, and considering six manipulated variables. The results show that the procedures exhibit high statistical power levels for within and interactional effects, and moderate and low levels for the between-groups effects under the different conditions analyzed. For the latter, only the Modified Brown Forsythe shows high level of power mainly for groups with 30 cases and Unstructured (UN) and Autoregressive Heterogeneity (ARH) matrices. For this reason, we recommend using this procedure since it exhibits higher levels of power for all effects and does not require a matrix type that underlies the structure of the data. Future research needs to be done in order to compare the power with corrected selectors using single-level and multilevel designs for fixed and random effects.

The Role of Personal Control in Adaptive Functioning

2009 ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Controllable Factors

A sense of personal control is an important resource that helps people maintain emotional stability and successfully negotiate their way through life. People foster their perceived control by focusing on reachable goals, creating new avenues for control, and accepting difficult-to-change circumstances. In general, perceived control need not be realistic in order to have beneficial effects, although in the area of health promotion, overestimating one's control can reduce the motivation to engage in protection. Research on ethnic differences in the benefits of a sense of personal control suggests that those from more collectivistic cultures or subcultures may be less benefited by a sense of personal control, relying instead on a socially derived sense of control. Successful interventions to enhance personal control include programs that bolster coping skills, give options and decisions to participants, and provide training that encourages attributions to controllable factors. Future research should further explore ethnic differences in the effects of personal control, the consequences of unrealistic control perceptions, and interventions to enhance the sense of control.

scholarly journals PENGOLAHAN WADI IKAN PATIN (Pangasius hypophthalmus) PROSES CEPAT DAN TIDAK ASIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Restu Yuda Bakrie
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Fermented Product

This study aims to determine processing of wadi patin fish (Pangasiu hypophthalmus) quick process and not salty, It is a fermented product from fish, in the form of a wet material through a salting process, the addition of spices then followed by fermentation for several days until it produces an aroma and taste. This traditional food is the result of fermentation assisted by synergistic microorganisms, namely lactic acid bacteria. The results of the study by washing fish after the salting process were able to accelerate fermentation from 7 days to 3 days. The best treatment is to wash the fish meat twice after the salting process. the specifications of the resulting wadi are as follows: protein content = 18.64%; salt content = 0.79%; Water content = 58.65%; Fat content = 3.29%; total microbes (LAB) 6.5x104; organoleptic value (taste) = 7.55.

scholarly journals Design of Monitoring System for Salt Concentration in Milkfish Ponds using Android

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Nuzlya Ramadhana
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Ph Sensors

In the cultivation of milkfish, water quality is very concerned about in order to minimize fish mortality when cultivated. Several important factors in the cultivation of milkfish are the level of salt content in the water, temperature and pH. Currently, farmers monitor water quality manually by coming directly to see water quality. If there are dead fish, the cultivator will replace the new water. This will have an impact on fish production which will decrease. The milkfish pond uses brackish water for pond waters. The salt content is between the sea water content and the fresh water content. The grade level may change from season to season. This change is due to biological processes that occur in these waters as well as the interaction between pond waters and the surrounding environment. The results showed that the results of the design of the salt concentration monitoring system in the milkfish ponds that have been carried out using Arduino Uno, conductivity sensors, pH sensors, temperature sensors, wifi modules, Mi-Fi and Smartphones to access android applications. The results of testing the microcontroller functionality that have been made are in accordance with the design and are running well. The system designed to transmit information in the form of salinity values, pH sensors, temperature sensors and TDS values ??with sensor accuracy that is linear with measurement results using conventional measuring instruments with the highest error values ??of 1.3%, 2.06%, 0.702% and 1.5 respectively. %.

EFFECT OF METHOD OF IRRIGATION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF SALTS IN A CHIN LOAM SOIL

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
E. H. Hobbs ◽  
G. C. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Salt Content ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Salt ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Irrigation Practices

Fields of Chin loam soil, one irrigated by sprinkler methods and the other by surface methods, were sampled to a depth of 5 feet. Analysis of the samples showed the soluble salt content of the sprinkled field, at all depths sampled, to be consistently higher than that of the surface-irrigated field. It is suggested that present sprinkler irrigation practices in this area should be modified to provide additional water for leaching purposes.

scholarly journals Physical Processes in Temperate Glaciers

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (74) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lliboutry
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Past History ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Glacier Ice ◽  
History Of

AbstractIn a temperate glacier ice the water content results from the past history of the ice, and the temperature adjusts itself to the appropriate value. Results obtained by the Laboratoire de Glaciologie are summarized. Several facts seem to prove some migration of the liquid phase and a coalescence of liquid inclusions. The enthalpy flux is calculated, but it cannot be proved that a spontaneous gathering together of liquid inclusions could occur. The water-rich, small grain-size layers should come from the lowering of the viscosity when the water content increases, as discovered by Duval. The form of Weertman’s sliding law without cavitation can be derived from simple dimensional considerations. Numerically, it cannot account for high sliding velocities, for which subglacial cavitation must be introduced. The cavities are infilled with more stagnant regelation ice than water. Two subglacial hydraulic regimes are distinguished: autonomous and interconnected. The effect which the salt content may have on cavitation is estimated.

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