scholarly journals A Rentier State under Blockade: Qatar’s Water-Energy-Food Predicament from Energy Abundance and Food Insecurity to a Silent Water Crisis

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussam Hussein ◽  
Laurent Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Rentier State ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Supply Disruptions ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
Production Subsidies

This article investigates Qatar’s sustainability crisis of the high levels of water, electricity and food use. The high levels of consumption have been enabled by Qatar’s significant hydrocarbons wealth, a generous rentier state’s redistributive water governance, and structural dependence on imported food and food production subsidies. The water crisis is silent because it does not generate supply disruptions nor any public discontentment. The geopolitical blockade Qatar is experiencing sparked discussions in policy circles on the best ways to ensure food security, but has only exacerbated its water insecurity. The blockade makes more urgent than ever the necessity to maximize and increase synergies among different sectors.

Food Security in Hawai‘i

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kent
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
State Government ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Local Food ◽  
The State ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Low Income Consumers

This chapter challenges the uncritical pursuit of food self-sufficiency that has been rationalized as increasing the state’s preparedness against shipping disruption. It argues that this effort might increase food’s cost, and reiterates the point that local food is not necessarily fair as low-income consumers could be sidelined in the push for food localization. In contrast to the enthusiasm for promoting agriculture and local food production in the state, relatively little has been done in addressing food insecurity of the poor, especially by the state government. Food democracy needs to consider food security for all—particularly the poor and the marginalized.

The place of organizational and legal forms of the agro-industrial complex in the formation of resources for ensuring national food security

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Tkach ◽  
◽  
Alexander S. Nechitailov ◽  
Olga I. Zhukova ◽  
Alexander S. Zhukov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Medical Standards ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
Domestic Products ◽  
National Food Security

The place of various organizational and legal forms of the agricultural sector of the economy in the formation of national food security resources, as well as in the formation of food resources of the regions of Russia is considered, the urgency of the problem is revealed, statistical indicators for the provision of food to the population are given. The main sources of food supply to the country’s food fund are characterized. The main problems of the national food security of Russia are revealed, measures to strengthen the country’s food security are proposed. The assessment of the replacement of imported food with domestic products is given, food production is considered in the context of the country’s regions. The level of food production that provides the population with the necessary domestic food products is revealed. The dynamics of production and consumption of agricultural products by the population of Russia in comparison with medical standards is given. The article considers the development of the food processing industry in Russia.

Towards Food Security: the Prediction of Climatic Factors in Nigeria using Random Forest Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Charity Ojochogwu Egbunu ◽  
Matthew Tunde Ogedengbe ◽  
Terungwa Simon Yange ◽  
Terlumun Gbaden ◽  
Malik Adeiza Rufai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Random Forest Algorithm ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Impact

With the explosive growth in the world’s population which has little or no corresponding rise in the food production, food insecurity has become eminent, and hence, the need to seek for opportunities to increase food production in order to cater for this population is paramount. The second goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (i.e., ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture) set by the United Nations (UN) for the year 2030 clearly acknowledged this fact. Improving food production cannot be achieved using the obsolete conventional methods of agriculture by our farmers; hence, this study focuses on developing a model for predicting climatic conditions with a view to reducing their negative impact, and boosting the yield of crop. Temperature, wind, humidity and rainfall were considered as the effect of these factors is more devastating in Nigeria as compared to sun light which is always in abundance. We implemented random forest algorithm using Python programming language to predict the aforementioned climate parameters. The data used was gotten from the Nigerian Meteorological (NiMet) Agency, Lokoja, Kogi State between 1988 and 2018. The result shows that random forest algorithm is effective in climate prediction as the accuracy from the model based on the climatic factors considered was 94.64%. With this, farmers would be able to plan ahead to prevent the impact of the fluctuations in these climatic factors; thus, the yield of crops would be increased. This would dwarf the negative impact of food insecurity to the populace.

scholarly journals Food Security in Bangladesh: Insight from Available Literature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashis Roy ◽  
Debashish Sarker Dev ◽  
Shonia Sheheli
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance

Background: Bangladesh is a developing country; so, it is faced with the great challenge of food insecurity. In spite of achieving self-sufficiency in food production, a huge number of people experience the food insecure situation in this country. Since long time ago, scientists are striving to feed the growing population of Bangladesh. However, this study was conducted to assess the present situation of food security in Bangladesh. Methods: This systematic study investigated the available literature and recorded the related and different dimensions of food security in Bangladesh. Results: Bangladesh has made remarkable improvements in food availability, access, and utilization in the last few decades, but it is not the case regarding the food stability. The country experiences numerous challenges regarding food insecurity. Bangladesh has made significant improvement in cereals (rice) production. Despite the increase in the income of people, the food quality is not good. Unequal land ownership and income distribution have made the food access below par. Food utilization has improved but balanced food intake is still far below the standard. A notable portion of people are still severly food insecure and malnourished. To ensure food security, government of Bangladesh has undertaken several programs but they were not sufficient to cope with this everlasting issue. Conclusion: Despite the improvement in many aspects of food security, people of Bangladesh still lack dietary diversification, which leads to nutritional imbalance. In addition, several factors challenge the food security. Therefore, GOs and NGOs should work from the same platform to address the challenges affecting food security in Bangladesh efficiently.

Hunger and Malnutrition

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-60
Author(s):  
Gordon Conway ◽  
Ousmane Badiane ◽  
Katrin Glatzel
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
Hidden Hunger ◽  
Working Together

This chapter looks at the challenges presented by hunger and malnutrition. After all, despite significant advances, severe hunger and malnutrition are all too common. Hence, the chapter explains that detailed nutrition and food security surveys can provide valuable information on how to reduce vulnerability and food insecurity. Undoubtedly the most shocking statistic of all is the incidence of child malnutrition, often referred to as “hidden hunger,” which measures the lack of essential micronutrients. This complex challenge involves distinct disciplines and agencies, but in recent years there have been successes by experts in health, nutrition, and agriculture working together over the life of the child to intervene in various ways and at different stages in the child's life. At the same time, Africa is urbanizing rapidly. A steep surge in the growth of the African middle class has taken place, especially in the 2000s. The effect of such an increase is rising urban demand for more and better food, which provides opportunities to increase and diversify food production in rural areas, resulting in greater value capture and rising incomes for smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Documenting the Food Insecurity Experiences and Nutritional Status of Women in India: Study Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3769
Author(s):  
Fiona H McKay ◽  
Preethi John ◽  
Alice Sims ◽  
Gaganjot Kaur ◽  
Jyotsna Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Women In India

Background: Despite significant growth and change in India over the past two decades, some public health indicators have failed to keep pace. One such indicator is food insecurity. India is home to the largest number of people experiencing hunger and food insecurity. Food security is described as “a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”. While there has been considerable research investigating the role of crop yields, policy interventions, and food production in alleviating food insecurity in India, there is insufficient research investigating the social and cultural influences of food insecurity, including the role of women. The primary aim of this research is to investigate the experience of food insecurity among women in India. The objectives of this research are (1) to determine the role of women in food production and its contribution to household food security; (2) to examine the gender roles within households and the decision-making processes that influence food security, and (3) to investigate household nutritional status and food insecurity experience. Methods: Participants will include women who live in a village in Punjab, India. Interviews with 100 households, drawn from a convenience sample will be conducted. Interviews will be conducted in Punjabi with simultaneous English translation, and will include: food related experiences, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist, and hip) and dietary assessment (24-h diet recall, two non-consecutive days), dwelling facilities, agriculture related information, including household agriculture activities undertaken, food security status (via the United States Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Scale Measurement), and demographic information. Discussion: This study aims to investigate a range of determinants of food insecurity among a rural population. It will allow for the identification of some of the components of household food insecurity among women in India and will go part of the way to understanding how and why India continues to experience food and nutritional insecurity despite growth and progress in a range of other indicators.

scholarly journals Assessing the cross-sectional and inter-temporal validity of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) in Burundi

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 2775-2785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Desiere ◽  
Marijke D’Haese ◽  
Sanctus Niragira
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Food Insecurity Access

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the cross-sectional and inter-temporal validity of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for rural households in Burundi.DesignLongitudinal survey about food security and agricultural production, individually administered by trained interviewers in June 2007 and 2012.SettingNgozi, north of Burundi.SubjectsThree hundred and fourteen household heads were interviewed.ResultsTobit models showed that the HFIAS was significantly correlated with objective measures of food security, in this case total annual food production (P<0·01), livestock keeping (P<0·01) and coffee production (P<0·01) in both 2007 and 2012. This confirms that the HFIAS is cross-sectionally valid and corroborates the findings of previous studies. However, while total food production decreased by more than 25 % in terms of energy between 2007 and 2012, households reported an improvement in their perceived food security over the same period, with the HFIAS decreasing from 13·9 to 10·8 (P<0·001). This finding questions the inter-temporal validity of the HFIAS. It may be partly explained through response shifts, in which households assess their own food security status in comparison to that of their peers.ConclusionsThe evidence from our study suggests that the HFIAS is cross-sectionally valid, but may not be inter-temporally valid, and should not be used as a single indicator to study temporal trends in food security.

scholarly journals Measuring Educational Intervention Impacts on Food Security and Nutrition among Rural Farmers in El Salvador: A Mixed Methods Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Rafael Landaverde ◽  
Amy Boren Alpízar ◽  
Sarahi Morales ◽  
Matt Baker ◽  
John Rayfield
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Rural Farmers ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food And Nutrition

Food insecurity in rural El Salvador has been a long-standing problem. This mixed-methods study explored rural farmers’ perceptions of their food security situation, identified critical food security needs, and examined farmers’ intentions to adopt measures to enhance their food security after an educational intervention to combat food insecurity in the area. For this community, the results reveal that access and utilization are the food security dimensions in which farmers perceive the most significant challenges. To mitigate these challenges, farmers participated in an educational intervention that addressed food and nutrition security issues, including household food production, food safety, and drinking water treatments. Postintervention results show an increase in farmers' intentions to adopt new food production, processing, and preparation practices that improve household food and nutrition security. However, the results highlight farmers' need for continuing education to fully address all food problems in the community

scholarly journals Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture as A Pathway to Food Security: A Review Mapping the Use of Food Sovereignty

Challenges ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Chihambakwe ◽  
Paramu Mafongoya ◽  
Obert Jiri
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Renewed interest in the nexus between sustainability and food security has led to growing discussions on the use of food sovereignty principles in agricultural practice. As a result of the transfiguration of the urban and socioeconomic landscape in the global South, urban and peri-urban agriculture has been touted as a potential response to increasing food insecurity in cities. Yet, both urban and peri-urban agriculture and food sovereignty have attracted cursory scholarship and programming in Zimbabwe due to fixation on more dominant rural and conventional agriculture. Beyond the rudimentary idea that the urban landscape is unfit for food production, literature has demonstrated that urban households have ingrained urban and peri-urban agriculture into their livelihoods. Regardless, institutional arrangements governing the practice remain ambivalent towards the practice, bringing to question the ability of households to fully exploit the benefits of the practice. This review underscores that failure to involve of all stakeholders undermines urban and peri-urban agriculture, consequently leading to heightened food insecurity and use of unsustainable practices. By delving into the political economy of food, we hope to stimulate discussion centered on food sovereignty within and urban spaces and beyond.

scholarly journals Interdisciplinary progress in food production, food security and environment research

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL F. ACEVEDO
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Potential Productivity

SUMMARYThis review examines contributions of interdisciplinary (ID) research to understanding interactions between environmental quality, food production and food security. Global patterns of food insecurity and crop production are reviewed in relation to climate, land use and economic changes, as well as potential productivity increases compatible with environmental conservation. Interactions between food production and global processes make food insecurity a complex problem that requires ID analysis at local to global scales. Census and satellite data contribute to understanding of global cropland distribution. Analysis of land-use change exemplifies research between natural and social sciences. Quantitative modelling of global climate change impacts indicates relatively greater potential food insecurity in developing countries. International food security is increasingly interconnected through economic globalization and incentives for increased food production are required. Societies may not be able to expand available cropland without significant environmental risks; enhanced land and water productivity are the major opportunities available to increase food production. This requires renewed efforts in ID work to design and implement sound and efficient agricultural management practices. Models need to be informed by data from field experiments, long-term measurements and watershed monitoring by ground and remote sensing methods. Agricultural intensification may spare natural land but lead to increased pollution and water demand; reconciling conservation and productivity is a critical need. ID work provides many opportunities for synergies including conservation agriculture at the local level, efficient use of inputs, smarter land use taking into account spatial patterns and landscape ecology principles, and improved water management at field, system, watershed and basin levels. Goal-directed ID research is crucial, since producers, practitioners and policy makers should be involved. Geospatial, biotechnological and precision agriculture technologies linked with models can help inform strategies to achieve sustainable food production increases that maintain environmental quality. Implementation also requires ID work to overcome impediments due to human factors and facilitate adoption by farmers.

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