scholarly journals Investigation of Pathogenic Bacterial Transport by Waterbirds: A Case Study of Flooded and Non-Flooded Rice Systems in Mississippi

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1833
Author(s):  
Alexandra G. Firth ◽  
Beth H. Baker ◽  
John P. Brooks ◽  
Renotta Smith ◽  
Raymond B. Iglay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
External Input ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Pathogen Indicators ◽  
Pathogen Transport ◽  
Before And After

Waterbirds may facilitate pathogen transport in rice fields from autumn to winter. This study investigated pathogen dynamics in two types of rice fields, those considered conventionally managed and a low-external-input-sustainable-agriculture (LEISA) rice system in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, winter 2017–2018. In each system, fields were (1) left unflooded or (2) flooded from November to March. Fecal indicator and pathogenic bacteria (enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp.) were quantified in soil before and after winter flooding, and bird fecal matter estimated on both farm types. Water samples were tested for enterococci, C. perfringens and E. coli before fields were drained. The LEISA flooded fields had greater detections of C. perfringens in the soil than conventional non-flooded fields. There was an observed decreasing trend of C. perfringens detection associated with lower bird abundances among treatment groups. All observed pathogen levels in both systems were below EPA standards. Results suggest that long-term waterbird stopovers can influence pathogen indicators in soil, but not at levels to threaten human and environmental health standards. Future studies should focus on long-term monitoring of pathogen introduction in rice fields that harbor wintering waterfowl or other waterbirds.

Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Ready-To-Use Vegetables for Health-Care Food Services

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 954-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH A. ODUMERU ◽  
SHEILA J. MITCHELL ◽  
DAVID M. ALVES ◽  
JOHN A. LYNCH ◽  
ARLENE J. YEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Before And After

The microbiological quality of ready-to-use (RTU) vegetables, including chopped lettuce, salad mix, carrot sticks, cauliflower florets, sliced celery, coleslaw mix, broccoli florets, and sliced green peppers was determined before and after processing. Microbial profiles were obtained 24 h after processing and on days 4, 7, and 11 after storage at 4 and 10°C to simulate temperature abuse. In addition, the microbial profiles of four RTU vegetables, coleslaw mix, salad mix, cauliflower florets, and sliced green peppers were determined 7 days after distribution to a select group of Ontario hospitals. RTU vegetables, with the exception of green peppers, showed up to a 1-log decrease in aerobic colony counts after processing. These counts increased to preprocessing levels after 4 days of storage at both 4 and 10°C. RTU vegetables stored at temperature abuse conditions (10°C)had significantly higher counts (P < 0.001) on days 4 to 11 as compared to those stored at 4°C. Green peppers had the highest bacterial counts while cauliflower and chopped lettuce had the lowest counts at both storage temperatures (P < 0.05). Increased levels of Listeria monocytogenes in RTU vegetables were associated with temperature abuse. Levels of >100 MPN/g for L. monocytogenes were detected in 8 of 120 (6.7%) samples stored at 10°C but not in 175 samples stored at 4°C after 7 days (P < 0.05). Overall, L. monocytogenes was detected in 13 of 120 (10.8%) RTU vegetables stored for up to 11 days at 10°C and 5 of 176 (2.8%) samples stored at 4°C (P < 0.05). E. coli was detected in 2 of the 120 (1.7%) processed RTU vegetables after day 7 of storage at 10°C and 1 of the 65 (1.5%) unprocessed vegetables from the same batches of vegetables used for processing. This indicator organism was not detected in RTU vegetable samples stored at 4°C or in any of the RTU vegetable samples obtained from hospital coolers. Other pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia enterocolitica (serotype O:3) and verocytotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) were not detected in any of the RTU vegetables tested, Recommendations regarding processing, distribution, and storage of these products are presented.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drug Resistance Before and After Biofilm Formation of Bacteria Causing Wound Infection and Detection of Their Protease Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasnuba Tabassum Proma ◽  
Tasnia Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Wound Infection ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Almost All

Background: Wound infection is a highly common problem in hospital settings, where microbes are often resistant and difficult to treat due to rapid exposure to antibiotics. While treating wound infection, bacteria often enter the deep tissue; as therapy needs long exposure time, bacteria have sufficient time to develop biofilm, which makes them much more resistant to antibiotics. Objectives: The current study was performed to identify wound-infecting bacteria and determine their protease production activity. Methods: The ability to produce biofilm was evaluated by the Congo red agar and tube methods. Antibiotic resistance pattern was assessed before and after biofilm formation to detect the changes in resistance due to biofilm formation. Results: We identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Corynebacteriumxerosis., Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacterspp., Klebsiellapneumonia, Staphylococcus spp., Shigella spp., and Salmonella spp. in 20 wound samples, among which about 10 isolates were found to be biofilm producers. Almost all the biofilm producers showed complete resistance or a much smaller inhibition zone. Conclusions: Pathogenic bacteria can be more difficult to eradicate by antibiotic treatment if they are able to produce biofilm; thus, it is essential to prevent biofilm formation.

The role of probiotics in correction of microbiocenosis and cytokine balance of the oral cavity of patient with chronic inflammatory disease of periodont

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
E. S. Ovcharenko ◽  
V. V. Erichev ◽  
S. I. Risovannij ◽  
T. V. Aksenova ◽  
S. V. Melekhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Before And After

Relevance. A long-term inflammation in the oral cavity, unreasonable treatment of periodontal patients with antibiotics cause imbalance between certain types of fungal-bacterial associations accompanied by oral dysbiosis and change of local immune status. So, development and application of new comprehensive diagnosis and treatment techniques in periodontal patients, use of products for correction of microbiota and local immunity are a current and a long-term task. Purpose is to optimize the comprehensive treatment protocol of inflammatory periodontal diseases by introducing probiotics and evaluation of oral microbiome and cytokine profile.Materials and methods. 140 patients were examined. Of these 60 patients had chronic generalized plaque-induced gingivitis and 60 patients suffered from moderate chronic generalized periodontitis. Bacterial and fungal microbiome was assessed and the host immune response was evaluated in all patients before and after the treatment. Half of the patients were treated conventionally and the other half were treated according to a modified scheme: probiotic “Bifidumbacterin Forte” was added.Results. A large number of yeast-like fungi Candida and commensal bacteria were detected in periodontal pockets of patients with chronic generalized plaque-induced gingivitis and moderate chronic generalized periodontitis. That correlates with a significant increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL—8), decrease of concentration of INF-γ and increase of antiinflammatory cytokine IL-4.Conclusion. Changes in clinical, microbiological and immunological values during a modified combination therapy with a probiotic and during a conventional treatment demonstrated that effectiveness of treatment of chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis increased by 40% and 37% respectively.

Distribution of Enteric Viruses and Microorganisms in Long-Term Sewage-Treated Soil

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Filip ◽  
K Seidel ◽  
H Dizer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Sewage Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
West Berlin ◽  
Aerobic Soil

To determine whether long-term sewage treatment can take place without a pollution risk for soil and groundwater, samples from sewage irrigation fields in West Berlin which have been in use since about 1890 were analyzed for enteric viruses and microorganisms. Enteric viruses were detected in only seven samples from a total number of eighty seven taken from different soil depths. With only one exception, no viruses were found below 60 cm. No viruses were detected in groundwater samples. Long-term sewage irrigation did not result in significant changes in the colony courts of aerobic soil bacteria, but the counts of anaerobic bacteria and actinomycetes were slightly elevated and those of microscopic fungi slightly decreased. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were not detected in soil below 90 cm.

Direct Detection of Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Estuarine Water Using Nucleic Acid Probes

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivor T. Knight ◽  
Jocelyne DiRuggiero ◽  
Rita R. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Estuarine Water ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection

Direct detection and enumeration of pathogenic bacteria, rather than indicator organisms, in aquatic environments is desirable but hindered by the difficulties of culturing and identifying specific pathogens from these environments. We have developed a method for concentrating bacteria from water samples and extracting their DNA and RNA for use as targets for pathogen-specific gene probes. The method has been used to detect and enumerate Salmonella spp. in estuarine water samples. The probe binds Salmonella DNA quantitatively, making it possible to estimate relative amounts of target in each sample. Salmonella spp. were detected in samples which yielded no Salmonella spp. using culturing. Since the probe method does not require culturing the target organism, both culturable and non-culturable forms are detected. We have also used polymerase chain reaction to amplify a region of the enterotoxin gene in enterotoxigenic Escherichiacoli and Vibriocholerae (ltx and ctx, respectively). The amplified products are then identified with ctx and ltx probes, making specific, highly sensitive detection possible.

REPEATED LONG-TERM SPACE FLIGHTS: PROTEOMIC INVESTIGATIONS OF COSMONAUTS' BLOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
I.M. Larina ◽  
◽  
D.N. Kashirina ◽  
K.S. Kireev ◽  
A.I. Grigoriev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Space Station ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biochemical Indices

We performed the first ever comparative analysis of modifications in the proteome, ionogram and some other blood plasma biochemical indices of 18 male cosmonauts (44 ± 6 years of age) before and after maiden or repeated long-term missions to the Russian segment of the International space station (ISS RS). Levels of proteins, substrates and ions as well as chemical components were measured using the LC-MS-based proteomics and routine biochemical techniques. A total of 256 to 281 indices were investigated with the methods of descriptive statistic, regression analysis, and access to bioinformatics resources. It was shown that blood indices recovery from the maiden and repeated missions reflects changes in the body systems and goes at a various speed. The results of measurements made prior to launch and on day 7 after landing are dependent on the number of missions. The bioinformatics techniques showed that after maiden missions both the mediator proteins of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and blood proteins with reliably changing concentrations are associated with the bio-processes including stress, metabolism and DNA reparation, apoptosis, catabolism and proteolysis. During early re-adaptation from repeated missions the AP level was affected by bone remodeling, phosphorylation, angiogenesis and coagulation cascade suggesting a distinct and urgent trigger of the processes of bone structure and mineralization.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Enjoyment of Exercise Video Games in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 559-559
Author(s):  
Sara Freed ◽  
Briana Sprague ◽  
Lesley Ross
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Xbox Kinect ◽  
Game Developers

Abstract Interventions using exercise video games, or exergames, have shown short-term cognitive and physical benefits to older adults, though long-term effects are less promising. Enjoyment of exergames may promote exergame use after the intervention period, though little work has examined older adults’ views of exergames before and after gameplay experience. We invited 20 older adults between 65 and 84 years of age (M=73.30, SD=5.95) to play two Xbox Kinect games, Just Dance and Kinect Sports Rivals, for twenty minutes. In our presentation, we will present qualitative and quantitative findings of this pilot study, including findings that older adults reported that they were not likely to play similar exergames in the future and that they did not find the exergames to be more fun compared to other ways of exercising. We will discuss implications for game design and research relevant to game developers, manufacturers, and researchers. Part of a symposium sponsored by Technology and Aging Interest Group.

scholarly journals Endoscopically controlled surgery with open hemilaminectomy for the treatment of intradural extramedullary tumors: an operative technique and short-term outcomes of 20 consecutive cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Yan ◽  
Huiqing Wang ◽  
Cai Li ◽  
Yuanxiang Lin ◽  
Lin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Intradural Extramedullary ◽  
Controlled Surgery

Abstract Background To present a surgical technique for the treatment of intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tumors by using endoscopically controlled surgery with open hemilaminectomy technique. Methods In this study, 20 patients with 22 IDEM tumors were enrolled. An endoscopically controlled surgery with open hemilaminectomy was employed to remove the tumors. Data related to clinical symptoms and medical images before and after surgery were collected for perioperative evaluation and follow-up analysis. Results All the tumors in 20 patients were well removed. The clinical symptoms were significantly reduced in all the patients as well. The short-term follow-up data showed that there was no tumor recurrence or spinal deformity. Conclusion The endoscopically controlled surgery with open hemilaminectomy technique provided favorable exposure and satisfactory resection to the IDEM tumors. It may be an effective surgical method for treating IDEM tumors. Larger samples and longer follow-up data are needed to verify its long-term effectiveness.

scholarly journals The Demerger Impact upon Sustainable Development of Economic Entities: Evidence from Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8316
Author(s):  
Camelia Mirela Baba ◽  
Constantin Duguleană ◽  
Marius Sorin Dincă ◽  
Liliana Duguleană ◽  
Gheorghița Dincă
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Profitability Ratios ◽  
Positive Effect

The Covid-19 induced economic crisis has significantly affected almost all businesses from nearly every sector, causing severe financial problems, lack of cash assets, and decrease of revenues. In this context, the economic entities were forced to look for adjustment and rescue solutions of their activities. One possible solution for the recovery and reorganization of economic entities’ activities is demerger. This paper evaluates the impact of demerger upon the sustainable development of economic entities in terms of economic efficiency and financial performances. To achieve this goal, a statistical analysis of profitability ratios before and after the demerger, as well as a structural analysis of 268 demerger projects for the April 2012–April 2021 period, were performed. The results attest there are no significant differences between the ex-ante and ex-post financial performances. However, demerger seems to have a positive effect upon analyzed companies helping them to overcome economic hardships, rethink their business strategies, and continue their activity in the medium and long-term time horizon.

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