Towards Regional Scale Stormwater Flood Management Strategies through Rapid Preliminary Intervention Screening

This paper presents the advantages and opportunities for rapid preliminary intervention screening to enhance inclusion of green infrastructures in regional scale stormwater management. Stormwater flooding is widely recognised as a significant and worsening natural hazard across the globe; however, current management approaches aimed at the site scale do not adequately explore opportunities for integrated management at the regional scale at which decisions are made. This research addresses this gap through supporting the development of stormwater management strategies, including green infrastructure, at a regional scale. This is achieved through upscaling a modelling approach using a spatially explicit inundation model (CADDIES) coupled with an economic model of inundation loss (OpenProFIA) to support widescale evaluation of green infrastructure during the informative early-stage development of stormwater management strategies. This novel regional scale approach is demonstrated across a case study of the San Francisco Bay Area, spanning 8300 sq km. The main opportunity from this regional approach is to identify spatial and temporal trends which are used to inform regional planning and direct future detailed modelling efforts. The study highlights several limitations of the new method, suggesting it should be applied as part of a suite of landscape management approaches; however, highlights that it has the potential to complement existing stormwater management toolkits.

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Building Climate Resilient City through Multiple Scale Cooperative Planning: Experiences from Copenhagen

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1203 (3) ◽

pp. 032063

Author(s):

Haiyun Xu ◽

Li Liu ◽

Peng Ding

Keyword(s):

Public Participation ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Stormwater Management ◽

Large Scale ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Early Stage ◽

Organizational Capacity ◽

Small Scale ◽

Multiple Stakeholders ◽

Key Words Climate Change

Abstract Copenhagen, as one of the well-known European green capitals, has dedicated efforts to implement a series of policies and take action on climate adaptation strategies from 2008 to 2020 to address the challenge brought by global warming. Climate adaptation in new urban planning for stormwater management opens up the dialogue in-between new possibilities for cooperation with multiple stakeholders and climate adaptation projects are developed in multilevel governance. However, in many cities, the organizational capacity of multiple stakeholders at the various level required to combine climate resilience with further sustainability targets may not be available. The paper focuses on the Copenhagen climate adaptation case, and further explores how the city strategically meta-govern the boundaries between the expert governed large-scale water management scheme against small-scale place-based bottom-up projects in collaboration with citizens and other placebased stakeholders. Furthermore, we summarize the experiences of building a climate adaptation city in Copenhagen, which refers to adequate data preparation in the early stage and rigorous planning, well- integration of stormwater management design & landscape design of urban space coordination of various stakeholder’s interests and public participation. Key words: Climate change adaptation; Urban stormwater management; Sustainable cities; Public participation; Green infrastructure

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Cold Stress in Wheat: Plant Acclimation Responses and Management Strategies

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.676884 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad A. Hassan ◽

Chen Xiang ◽

Muhammad Farooq ◽

Noor Muhammad ◽

Zhang Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Cold Tolerance ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Wheat Plant ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Management Approaches ◽

Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

Unpredicted variability in temperature is associated with frequent extreme low-temperature events. Wheat is a leading crop in fulfilling global food requirements. Climate-driven temperature extremes influence the vegetative and reproductive growth of wheat, followed by a decrease in yield. This review describes how low temperature induces a series of modifications in the morphophysiological, biochemical, and molecular makeup of wheat and how it is perceived. To cope with these modifications, crop plants turn on their cold-tolerance mechanisms, characterized by accumulating soluble carbohydrates, signaling molecules, and cold tolerance gene expressions. The review also discusses the integrated management approaches to enhance the performance of wheat plants against cold stress. In this review, we propose strategies for improving the adaptive capacity of wheat besides alleviating risks of cold anticipated with climate change.

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Biology, Ecology and Management of the Invasive Navua Sedge (Cyperus aromaticus)—A Global Review

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091851 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1851

Author(s):

Boyang Shi ◽

Olusegun O. Osunkoya ◽

Aakansha Chadha ◽

Singarayer K. Florentine ◽

Kunjithapatham Dhileepan

Keyword(s):

Integrated Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Climate Data ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Management Options ◽

Pasture Production ◽

South Wales ◽

Ecological Patterns ◽

Cyperus Aromaticus ◽

Management Approaches

Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus (Ridley) Mattf. & Kukenth) is an invasive perennial sedge, native to tropical Africa, which is threatening many natural ecosystems and agroecosystems, especially in northern Queensland, Australia. Crop and pasture production have been impacted by Navua sedge and it is also directly causing reductions in dairy and beef production in affected regions. This review documents the biology, ecology and potential management options to minimise the spread and impact of Navua sedge. The weed reproduces both sexually (seeds) and vegetatively (via underground rhizomes). Its tiny seeds can be spread easily via wind, water, vehicles, farm machinery and animals, whilst the rhizomes assist with establishment of dense stands. The CLIMEX model (which uses distribution and climate data in native and novel ranges) indicates that in Australia, Navua sedge has the potential to spread further within Queensland and into the Northern Territory, New South Wales and Victoria. Several management strategies, including mechanical, chemical and agronomic methods, and their integration will have to be used to minimise agricultural production losses caused by Navua sedge, but most of these methods are currently either ineffective or uneconomical when used alone. Other management approaches, including biological control and mycoherbicides, are currently being explored. We conclude that a better understanding of the interaction of its physiological processes, ecological patterns and genetic diversity across a range of conditions found in the invaded and native habitats will help to contribute to and provide more effective integrated management approaches for Navua sedge.

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Benefits of synergy of urban green infrastructure and integrated stormwater management approaches: theoretical perspective and examples from Vienna

Facta universitatis - series Architecture and Civil Engineering ◽

10.2298/fuace190312008v ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 145-157

Author(s):

Magdalena Vasilevska ◽

Ljiljana Vasilevska

Keyword(s):

Green Infrastructure ◽

Stormwater Management ◽

Theoretical Perspective ◽

Simultaneous Application ◽

Urban Green ◽

Urban Planning And Design ◽

Functional Forms ◽

Urban Green Infrastructure ◽

Management Approaches ◽

Urban Conditions

This paper deals with multiple benefits and outcomes at a lower spatialfunctional city levels generated by the synergy of Urban Green Infrastructure approach and integrated stormwater management approaches, resulting from their simultaneous application in the process of urban planning and design. The conducted research examines and analyzes key characteristics of Green Infrastructure and integrated stormwater management approaches, as well as their relationship in terms of principles, spatial-functional forms, types and benefits of their implementation. Since both of them are based on supporting and mimicking the natural environment in urban conditions, which makes them environmentally friendly and allows a greater presence of nature in many urban circumstances, the focus is on investigation of two common main principles and benefits of their implementation - closer connection with nature and increase of biodiversity in urban environment. The research platform consists of selected examples from Vienna which represent different types of lower spatialfunctional levels in which both approaches are applied, making them suitable for examining the effects of their synergy.

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Are local losses of biodiversity causing degraded ecosystem function?

10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Vellend

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Function ◽

Species Interactions ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Biodiversity Loss ◽

Large Degree ◽

Global Scale ◽

Degraded Ecosystem ◽

Biodiversity Change ◽

Local Extirpation

This chapter highlights the scale dependence of biodiversity change over time and its consequences for arguments about the instrumental value of biodiversity. While biodiversity is in decline on a global scale, the temporal trends on regional and local scales include cases of biodiversity increase, no change, and decline. Environmental change, anthropogenic or otherwise, causes both local extirpation and colonization of species, and thus turnover in species composition, but not necessarily declines in biodiversity. In some situations, such as plants at the regional scale, human-mediated colonizations have greatly outnumbered extinctions, thus causing a marked increase in species richness. Since the potential influence of biodiversity on ecosystem function and services is mediated to a large degree by local or neighborhood species interactions, these results challenge the generality of the argument that biodiversity loss is putting at risk the ecosystem service benefits people receive from nature.

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Forensic Investigation of Four Monitored Green Infrastructure Inlets

Water ◽

10.3390/w13131787 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 1787

Author(s):

Leena J. Shevade ◽

Franco A. Montalto

Keyword(s):

Measurement Uncertainty ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Stormwater Management ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Low Flow ◽

Inflow Rate ◽

Forensic Investigation ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

The Mean

Green infrastructure (GI) is viewed as a sustainable approach to stormwater management that is being rapidly implemented, outpacing the ability of researchers to compare the effectiveness of alternate design configurations. This paper investigated inflow data collected at four GI inlets. The performance of these four GI inlets, all of which were engineered with the same inlet lengths and shapes, was evaluated through field monitoring. A forensic interpretation of the observed inlet performance was conducted using conclusions regarding the role of inlet clogging and inflow rate as described in the previously published work. The mean inlet efficiency (meanPE), which represents the percentage of tributary area runoff that enters the inlet was 65% for the Nashville inlet, while at Happyland the NW inlet averaged 30%, the SW inlet 25%, and the SE inlet 10%, considering all recorded events during the monitoring periods. The analysis suggests that inlet clogging was the main reason for lower inlet efficiency at the SW and NW inlets, while for the SE inlet, performance was compromised by a reverse cross slope of the street. Spatial variability of rainfall, measurement uncertainty, uncertain tributary catchment area, and inlet depression characteristics are also correlated with inlet PE. The research suggests that placement of monitoring sensors should consider low flow conditions and a strategy to measure them. Additional research on the role of various maintenance protocols in inlet hydraulics is recommended.

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Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Judit Barroso ◽

Nicholas G. Genna

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Seeding Rate

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha−1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha−1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.

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Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Green Infrastructure Practices for Urban Watersheds Using an Engineering–Environmental–Economic (3E) Model

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094678 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4678

Author(s):

Yi-Jia Xing ◽

Tse-Lun Chen ◽

Meng-Yao Gao ◽

Si-Lu Pei ◽

Wei-Bin Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Environmental Economic ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Stormwater Management ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Urban Watersheds ◽

Comprehensive Performance ◽

Detention Basins

Green infrastructure practices could provide innovative solutions for on-site stormwater management and runoff pollution control, which could relieve the stress of nonpoint pollution resulting from heavy rainfall events. In this study, the performance and cost-effectiveness of six green infrastructure practices, namely, green roofs, rain gardens, pervious surfaces, swales, detention basins, and constructed wetlands, were investigated. The comprehensive performance evaluation in terms of the engineering performance, environmental impact, and economic cost was determined in the proposed engineering–environmental–economic (3E) triangle model. The results revealed that these green infrastructure practices were effective for stormwater management in terms of runoff attenuation, peak flow reduction and delay, and pollutant attenuation. It was suggested that for pollution control, detention basins can efficiently reduce the total suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and lead. The implementation of detention basins is highly recommended due to their higher engineering performance and lower environmental impact and economic cost. A case study of a preliminary cost–benefit analysis of green infrastructure practice exemplified by the Pearl River Delta in China was addressed. It suggested that green infrastructure was cost-effective in stormwater management in this area, which would be helpful for sustaining healthy urban watersheds.

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Biological control agents in the integrated nematode management of potato in Egypt

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-020-00325-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Economic Value ◽

Potato Production ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Main Body ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Economic Significance

Abstract Background Potato represents Egypt’s largest vegetable export crop. Many plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are globally inflicting damage to potato plants. In Egypt, their economic significance considerably varies according to PPN distribution, population levels, and pathogenicity. Main body This review article highlights the biology, ecology, and economic value of the PPN control viewpoint. The integration of biological control agents (BCAs), as sound and safe potato production practice, with other phytosanitary measures to manage PPNs is presented for sustainable agriculture. A few cases of BCA integration with such other options as synergistic/additive PPN management measures to upgrade crop yields are reviewed. Yet, various attributes of BCAs should better be grasped so that they can fit in at the emerging and/or existing integrated management strategies of potato pests. Conclusion A few inexpensive biocontrol products, for PPNs control on potato, versus their corresponding costly chemical nematicides are gathered and listed for consideration. Hence, raising awareness of farmers for making these biologicals familiar and easy to use will promote their wider application while offering safe and increased potato yield.

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