State of aquatic bioresources in the area of production of non-metallic building materials on the Irtysh river

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Anna Sergeevna Delva ◽  
Lyubov Leonidovna Porotnikova ◽  
Samat Yerzhanovich Bayldinov ◽  
Leonid Alexandrovich Shipovalov
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Construction Enterprises ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Irtysh River ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Irtysh River

Sands and the sand-gravel mixes (SGM) from which more than a half of nonmetallic construction materials is manufactured in the Russian Federation serve as one of main types of the mineral raw materials used for production of the nonmetallic construction materials (NCM). Production of non-solid building materials (NSM) — sand, gravel, sand and gravel mixture — is necessary for the normal functioning of the construction industry: the larger the settlement, the greater the volume of production of NSM for construction enterprises. Many areas of the NSM are confined to the floodplain or channel of water bodies. Often, the interests of organizations engaged in the extraction of NSM near water bodies conflict with the interests of other water users, so the issue of regulating the production of NSM is very relevant. At the same time, environmental, hydrological aspects are the most important in the regulation, which are largely manifested through the deformation of the channel [1; 13–15]. In this article the assessment of the impact on water bioresources of the Irtysh River when developing fields on extraction of sand and sand-gravel mix on Oseredkovy, Pokrovsk and Molokan fields within the Omsk region is given. Comparative hydrobiological characteristic in the area of each deposit is given. Monitoring studies have shown that the main component of the damage in the extraction of non-solid building materials was fodder organisms. This work revealed changes in hydrobiological indicators in the number and biomass of fodder organisms depending on the location of deposits on the Irtysh River. The maximum amount of damage to water bioresources per 1000 m3 of mined soil is observed at the Molokanskoye deposit, the minimum loss of ichthyomass is noted at the Oseredkov deposit, which is located upstream of the river.

Анализ «Методики разработки нормативов допустимых сбросов веществ и микроорганизмов в водные объекты для водопользователей» в общем контексте водоохранного законодательства (в порядке обсуждения)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Saakian ◽  
Aleksandr, Grigor’ev ◽  
E. Kravets ◽  
E. Rudakov ◽  
A. Faddeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Process Indicators ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
The Impact

Выполнен анализ действующей редакции Методики разработки нормативов допустимых сбросов веществ и микроорганизмов в водные объекты для водопользователей , утвержденной приказом Минприроды России от 17 декабря 2007 г. 333, на предмет непротиворечивости и соответствия нормам водоохранного законодательства. Выявлена неопределенность применения Методики в условиях воздействия на качество воды природных и антропогенных факторов, не зависящих от конкретного водопользователя. Положения Методики противоречат принципам нормирования воздействия на водные объекты на основе наилучших доступных технологий, что было показано на примерах утвержденных технологических показателей содержания загрязняющих веществ в сточных водах различных отраслей промышленности. Анализ системы нормирования допустимых воздействий на водные объекты и географической дифференциации нормативов качества воды в пределах Российской Федерации вместе с системой целевых показателей качества воды также показал несоответствие Методики основным принципам водоохранного законодательства.The analysis of the current edition of the Methods of developing standards for permissible discharges of substances and microorganisms into water bodies for water users , approved by the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia dated December 17, 2007 No. 333 for consilience and compliance with the regulations of the water protection legislation, is carried out. Uncertainty of the application of the Methods in the conditions of the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors that are independent of a specific water user on the quality of water has been identified. The provisions of the Methods contradict the principles of regulating the impact on water bodies based on the best available technologies shown on the examples of approved process indicators of the concentrations of various industrial pollutants in wastewater. An analysis of the system of regulating the permissible impact on water bodies and the geographical differentiation of water quality standards within the boundaries of the Russian Federation, together with the system of water quality targets, also showed that the Methods do not comply with the basic principles of the water protection legislation.

scholarly journals Fire Resistance Behaviour of Geopolymer Concrete:An Overview

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Salmabanu Luhar ◽  
Demetris Nicolaides ◽  
Ismail Luhar
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Thermal Shrinkage ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loss Of Strength

Even though, an innovative inorganic family of geopolymer concretes are eye-catching potential building materials, it is quite essential to comprehend the fire and thermal resistance of these structural materials at a very high temperature and also when experiencing fire with a view to make certain not only the safety and security of lives and properties but also to establish them as more sustainable edifice materials for future. The experimental and field observations of degree of cracking, spalling and loss of strength within the geopolymer concretes subsequent to exposure at elevated temperature and incidences of occurrences of disastrous fires extend an indication of their resistance against such severely catastrophic conditions. The impact of heat and fire on mechanical attributes viz., mechanical-compressive strength, flexural behavior, elastic modulus; durability—thermal shrinkage; chemical stability; the impact of thermal creep on compressive strength; and microstructure properties—XRD, FTIR, NMR, SEM as well as physico-chemical modifications of geopolymer composites subsequent to their exposures at elevated temperatures is reviewed in depth. The present scientific state-of-the-art review manuscript aimed to assess the fire and thermal resistance of geopolymer concrete along with its thermo-chemistry at a towering temperature in order to introduce this novel, most modern, user and eco-benign construction materials as potentially promising, sustainable, durable, thermal and fire-resistant building materials promoting their optimal and apposite applications for construction and infrastructure industries.

scholarly journals Bio-based construction materials for a sustainable future

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijk Block ◽  
Barbara Kuit ◽  
Torsten Schröder ◽  
Patrick Teuffel
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Building ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
Primary Materials

<p>The structural engineering community has a strong responsibility to contribute to a more efficient use of natural resources. Nowadays the construction industry is by far the most resource intense industry sector, approximately 40-50% of all primary raw materials are used, which raises the question about the architects and engineer’s accountability. In this context and as a result of the Paris Climate agreement the Dutch government defined the program “Nederland Circulair in 2050”, which states the ambition to use 50% less primary materials in 2030 and to have a full circular economy in 2050.</p><p>One possible approach to achieve these ambitious goals is the application of renewable, bio-based materials in the built environment and to replace traditional, typically cement-based, materials. Already in the past natural building materials, such as timber and bamboo have been used widely, but in recent years new materials came up and provide new opportunities to be used in the construction industry. The authors explored various alternatives, such as hemp and flax fibres, mycelium and lignin-based fibres for composite materials, which will be described with various experimental and realised case studies.</p>

scholarly journals Susceptibility of earth-based construction materials to fungal proliferation: laboratory and in situ assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 140-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Simons ◽  
Alexandra Bertron ◽  
Christophe Roux ◽  
Aurélie Laborel-Préneron ◽  
Jean-Emmanuel Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Microbial Density ◽  
Microbial Proliferation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Ecological Construction ◽  
The Impact

The impact of building materials on the environment and the health of occupants is nowadays a priority issue. Ecological construction materials such as earthen materials are currently experiencing a regain of interest due to both ecological and economic factors. The microbial proliferation on indoor materials can induce a deterioration of the building air quality and lead to an increase of health risks for the occupants. The issue of indoor air quality raises questions about the use of earthen building materials and their possible susceptibility to fungal development. The microflora of earthen materials and their ability to grow on such support are indeed poorly studied. This study focused on the quantification of both bacterial and fungal microflora along the manufacturing process. The impact of extreme humidity, simulating a hydric accident, on microflora development was analyzed on the surface and inside earthen bricks. The initial microflora of these materials was dramatically reduced during the manufacturing process, especially after heat treatment for drying. Proliferation of remaining microorganisms was only observed under high humidity condition, in particular for earthen materials with vegetal aggregates. Moreover, in situ samplings were performed on naturally dried earthen materials used in buildings. The characterization of the microbial density revealed a higher microbial density than on manufactured specimens, while microbial concentration and detected taxa seemed mainly related to the room use and building history. These results provide a better understanding of microbial proliferation on these materials.

THE SELECTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS TO IMPROVE THE COMFORT AND ECOLOGICAL SAFETY OF CITY HOUSING

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Yur'evna ZHIGULINA ◽  
Natalya Genrikhovna CHUMACHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to problems of creation of comfortable microclimate. Identifi es sources of pollution, completed their evaluation. Special att ention is paid to the selection of environmentally friendly building materials. In the production of building materials where toxic components can be industrial waste, replacing natural raw materials and chemical additives regulating the properties. In the operation of many building materials, especially those based on polymers, it is necessary to control the release of toxic substances resulting from degradation. For the assessment of comfort and environmental safety of housing is offered to create «Passports of residential buildings», which should be provided with information about construction materials used to evaluate this parameter, environmental home safety, including chemical safety as its component.

Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Artificial Geopolymer Aggregates with Natural Aggregate

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alida Abdullah ◽  
Ku Amirrul Rahman Ku Yin ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mien Van Tran
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Water ◽  
Natural Aggregate ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted to compare the mechanical properties of fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregates with natural aggregate (rock) in term of its impact strength, specific gravity and water absorption.The raw materials used were fly ash, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and natural aggregate. After the artificial geopolymer aggregate has been produced, its water absorption, specific gravity and aggregate impact test has been done. All results obtained were compared to natural aggregate. The result shows that the fly ash geopolymer aggregate are lighter than natural aggregate in term of its specific gravity. The impact value for fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregate slightly high compared to natural aggregate while it has high water absorption value compared to natural aggregate. As conclusion, the fly ash artificial geopolymer aggregate can be used as one of the construction materials in concrete as an alternative for coarse aggregate besides natural aggregate with more lightweight properties.

Green gold of Africa – Can growing native bamboo in Ethiopia become a commercially viable business?

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (05) ◽  
pp. 628-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Böck
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Increasing Demand

With concerns about climate change and the search for sustainable construction materials, significant attention is now being paid to Africa's natural resources. Ethiopia, known as Africa's political capital, has a rapidly expanding economy with increasing demand for new construction materials. Through public private partnerships projects the country is developing a sustainable business model to promote bamboo as a raw material. The subtropical zone of Ethiopia is home to approximately 65% of Africa's bamboo resources, an area of over 1 million hectares. Bamboo is potentially an ideal source of local, sustainable purpose-engineered building materials for growing cities not only in Ethiopia but across Africa. Production of conventional construction materials such as steel and concrete is expensive, highly energy intensive and unsustainable, requiring large quantities of water and is strongly dependent on imported raw materials. Bamboo is a renewable building material widely cultivated in Ethiopia but not yet utilized in modern construction. Structural Bamboo Products (SBP), similar to engineered wood products, have excellent potential to partially replace the use of more energy-intensive materials. Projects such as African Bamboo are taking steps in managing, cultivating and using Ethiopian bamboo species to help mitigate rapid deforestation in East Africa by creating alternative “wood” sources and sustainable business opportunities.

scholarly journals The electronic structure of the atom as a classification criterion of mineral technogenic waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (4) ◽  
pp. 042095
Author(s):  
A Sakharova ◽  
L Maslennikova
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Technogenic Waste ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gap Width

Abstract Today, the total scientific classification of solid industrial waste is absent because of their diversity. The task of universal of mineral technogenic waste recycling is complicated by the difference in their composition. The nature of the chemical elements that make up building materials is always taken into account to predict their properties. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to determine the classification characteristics of mineral technogenic waste recycling on the basis of natural-scientific ideas about the electronic structure of the atom. Studies were conducted on model systems with ceramic oxides entering s-, p-, d- elements in ceramic matrix to test the impact of the electronic structure of the mineral waste cation on operational characteristics of building materials. The experimental results showed that the strength of the samples changes in the series s → p → d of the belonging of the introduced oxide cation to the electronic family. Additionally, such an indicator as the energy-gap width was used to study the nature of the contacting solid phases. It is possible to identify which substances in technogenic raw materials have the greatest effect on the performance of the material in value of the energy-gap width.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC APPROACHES TO FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (18(46)) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Lanyo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Construction Enterprises ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Knowledge Intensive

Introduction. On the one hand, the financial development of industrial enterprises is conditioned by a number of traditional measures, which include: reduction of production costs; improving the quality of products; expanding the product line and increasing the level of service in order to maximize compliance with consumer demand. However, on the other hand, due to the specifics of the construction sector, the issue of financial development of such enterprises requires a comprehensive approach, not limited to the field of internal management, but also to consider this issue from the standpoint of institutional and organizational and economic impact. The purpose. The purpose of the article is to highlight the quantitative features of the financial development of enterprises in the construction industry and a description of promising organizational and economic measures of influence. Results. The article substantiates the features of the study of activities in the field of construction according to the project approach. The peculiarities of the institutional structure of the investment and construction complex of the economy are specified. Based on the theory of stakeholders, a comprehensive system of criteria for financial development of construction companies in terms of stakeholder groups has been formed. Conclusions. The organizational measures to ensure stable financial development of domestic construction companies have been identified. These include: implementation of integration processes with suppliers of raw materials; use of innovative knowledge-intensive technologies of construction and production of construction materials; creation of joint ventures with foreign companies. For each of the organizational measures, a list of probable risks and threats is identified, as well as the tools for their management are substantiated.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL TRENDS AND CURRENT CHALLENGES OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS MARKET DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Orlovska ◽  
◽  
Daria Havrylenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
International Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Construction Services

The main international trends in the world market of construction materials and services have been analyzed. The dynamics of world GDP and exports of construction services for the period 2000-2019 has been studied and a conclusion is made on the impact of economic crises on their growth rates. It has been determined that the dynamics of world exports of construction services is characterized by high instability with peaks of growth and decline, and is more sensitive than GDP growth. It has been noted that overcoming the crisis in the export sector of construction services takes more time and occurs with an approximate two-year time lag compared to GDP dynamics. The share of the construction industry in the world GDP by the degree of development has been analyzed. The reasons for the decline in the share of the construction industry in countries with economies in transition have been substantiated. It has been noted that in the developed countries the share of the construction sector is accounted for by real estate management activities related to maintenance, rent, purchase and sale and other transactions with land and real estate. The forecast values of growth of the market of building materials and services till 2030 have been given. The essence of the term «wide construction» has been revealed and the structure of this sector in different countries of the world is shown. The main exporters in the world construction market have been given and the structural distribution of the largest construction companies in the world ranking by country of origin has been analyzed. The dynamics of income level in the construction industry market for the period 2011-2018 has been studied. It has been noted that an important area of the construction sector is the market of roofing and facade materials and the world's largest companies for the production of this type of construction materials have been revealed. Conclusions on the essence of global transformations of the market of building materials and services have been made, and also it has been defined that they are caused by transnationalization of corporate structure of the market, influence of scientific and technical progress and information and communication technologies on world centers as well as the emergence of the concept of «sustainable construction» in the course of humanity for sustainable development.

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