Transformation of economic systems in countries with emerging markets: the phenomenon of hybrid state capitalism — what is forward?

2021 ◽  
pp. 852-869
Author(s):  
Arkady Vladimirovich Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
General Process ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Dominant State ◽  
The Face ◽  
National Economies

The article is devoted to the actual and complex topic of the economic transformation of a number of countries with emerging (growing) markets, which are distinguished by a hybrid systemic structure with a dominant state-capitalist order. A retrospective of the transformation of the entire enclave of emerging market economies in a large number of countries has described. On this ground, the author analyzes the process of the reproduction of economic systems, distinguished by the dominant state-capitalist order, in a separate conglomerate of post-developing and post-socialist countries in the last ten-year period. According to the author, the observed tremendous increase in demand and at the same time in prices for commodities after the peak of the Pandemic in non-Western countries is temporary. It will soon exhaust itself in the face of rapid progress in the efficiency of resource consumption in the largest producing countries, primarily in China and India, and the rapid general process of decarbonization in the world economy. In the future, the fundamental factors of national economic development will play a decisive role. With regard to the conglomerate of considered national economies, the most significant fundamental competitive advantage, at least in a five-year perspective, presents still the preservation of a relatively low cost of production factors. Based on the author’s argumentation and the available research results, a vision of the near and longterm prospects for the transformation of such national economies has supposed. The main conclusion concerns the possibility of successful adaptation of the considered national economic systems to the expected fundamental changes, including those associated with the transition to economic and overall social sustainable development.

INNOVATIZATION AS A BASIS FOR ENSURING ECONOMIC SYSTEM SECURITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1569-1575
Author(s):  
V.Y. Gusarova ◽  
◽  
G.R. Murtazina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
External Threats ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Constituent Elements

In modern conditions, ensuring the security of economic systems is interconnected with the categories “sustainability” and “development”. Sustainability of an economic system reflects the reliability and strength of its constituent elements, the efficiency and inviolability of horizontal and vertical links within the system itself. Development is one of economic security components, since the lack of development significantly reduces the ability to resist and adapt to internal and external threats. The security of the national economic system is considered as the ability to survive and develop steadily in the conditions of turbulence and the influence of hard-to-predict factors. The success of economic development is largely determined by significant structural changes based on innovation. Consequently, dynamic innovative development must have an adequate innovative structure. “Innovatization” as an economic category is a process of accumulation, preservation, use and development of the innovative potential of the economic system’s acting entities. The economic theory of economic systems’ innovatization is one of the demanded economic paradigms of our time for most developed and developing countries of the world, including Russia. This is due to the decisive role of innovations in the development of economic systems and, as a result, this is as a source and one of the criterion indicators of economic security. The authors, using the holistic approach and the method of structural-logical decomposition in the study, revealed the content and forms of innovatization in economic development structures as a basis for ensuring economic security.

scholarly journals ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ТРАЄКТОРІЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ МЕТОДАМИ ГАРМОНІЙНОГО І СПЕКТРАЛЬНОГО АНАЛІЗУ

Economical ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1(22)) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Ірина Кладченко ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
National Economic ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Oscillating Processes

Improving of the methodological tools for the national economies behavior’s forecasting in the context of increasing the validity and analytical characteristics of state economic strategies in conditions of high volatility, lack of trend stability and non-stationary dynamics of external and internal socio-economic processes by implementing interdisciplinary methods of Fourier analysis and their adaptation to the specifics of the socio-economic systems’ functioning and development. Methodology. The forecasting’s targeting as an important independent stage in the process of analytical assessment of the balance of development is performed on the basis of structuring, division into stages, systematization, and grouping. Justification of the interdisciplinary approach for forecasting of national economic system’s development is carried out by methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and practical testing. Establishment of the economic dynamics’ structural regularities and forecasting of a trajectory of national economy development are executed by harmonic and spectral analysis of the dynamic systems’ fluctuating processes. The results. The paper’s attention is focused on the specific features of macroeconomic dynamics’ time series as a basis for the forecasting of national economies development, namely their short duration, non-stationary, aperiodic, polyharmonic and their impact on the formation of adequate methodological support for forecasting. The possibility and efficiency of spectral and harmonic methods using for analysis oscillating processes of national economic system’s development are substantiated. A harmonic model of Ukraine's economic development’s trajectory during 1991-2020 is formed, which allowed to analyze the fluctuating component of the macroeconomic indicators’ dynamics on the basis of actual data that included all the initial information contained in the time series. By distinguishing economic cycles, their amplitude-frequency characteristics, the current phase of Ukrainian economy’s development is characterized. On the basis of the economic dynamics’ model, being used the indicator of annual GDP growth, forecasting is executed and short-term, average-term and long-term tendencies Ukraine’s economy’s development are established. Scientific novelty. The extending of theoretical and methodological tools for forecasting of main trends in national economies, based on harmonic and spectral analysis, is allowed to form a structural approach to the analysis of economic dynamics in the context of selection of its decisive harmonics and basing on their characteristics to make conclusions about the current level and projected national economic systems’ development. Practical significance. The adapted and regulated procedure of harmonic and spectral analysis of socio-economic systems’ oscillating processes became the basis for forecasting the level, rates and proportions of national economic systems development.

scholarly journals Toward an Ethnography of the National Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Appel
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Face ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Point Of Departure

What is a national economy? What does it measure, value, or represent? What does it do? This article argues for ethnographic attention to national economies as a serial global form, arguably the most privileged epistemological and political object of our unevenly shared modernity. In dialogue with feminist approaches to the study of capitalism, economic anthropology, and the social studies of finance, this article asks how national economies become both intelligible, possessing representational unity or naturalized authority, and compelling—the stuff of fantasy and desire, power and subjugation. Taking a series of national economic conferences in Equatorial Guinea as a point of departure, the article argues for the centrality of the state and questions of geopolitical scale in any approach to the national economy form. Juxtaposing the literature on economic performativity with Equatoguinean political history and the power of U.S. oil companies in the global South highlights the open-endedness of what Michel Callon has called economics “in the wild” and the as-if qualities generated at the crossroads of economic theory and postcolonial inequality. This article thus aims to open up ethnographic possibilities in the face of national economies far beyond Equatorial Guinea’s borders.

Threats to the Economic Security of Russia in the Context of Trends in the Development of Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Selivanov ◽  
Vladimir G. Starovoitov ◽  
Dmitriy V. Troshin
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
African Continent ◽  
New Developments ◽  
External Threats ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The World ◽  
National Economic Security

Situation and value of the African continent on the economic and social cardmap of the world dynamically changes and will continue to change throughout all the 21st century with strengthening of the Africa positions in the world. In Russia all the complex of threats and problems which arise owing to political and economic transformation of Africa is not adequately estimated. The scientific literature on economic security issues presents an expanded set of internal and external threats to the national economy that goes beyond the traditional areas of the shadow economy, corruption, economic crime and related segments, including the internal economic stability of the national economy and inter-country competition, the quality of state strategic management, studies of the specifics of ensuring economic security in the conditions of the sixth technological order, intercultural communication and their impact on the economic relations between countries, etc. Incomplete use of such approach to strategy for the countries of Africa creates additional threats and risks for Russia. An analysis of security problems in Africa revealed that studies of economic security in the context of African development trends in Russia are conducted in an unsatisfactory volume, not always taking into account the results of new developments in the field of ensuring economic security. Even the large shifts happening on the African continent, forecasts of this dynamics sometimes are poorly known to experts of a profile of economic security, and many experts of an economic profile including working in the African subject often do not accurately distinguish problems of “economic cooperation” and “the Russian – African relations”, on the one hand, and “economic security of Russia” – with another. In this regard the new scientific problem is proved: need for deeper analysis of trends of economic and social development in Africa as an important component of a system of ensuring national economic security of Russia in the current period and in the future into account the new developments in the sphere of economic security. The main directions of activating scientific research and concentration of practical efforts to increase national economic security, neutralize threats and reduce risk for Russia in the designated context are formulated.

Destructive of deviation and economic deprivation of innovative development of enterprises of Ukraine: displays and possibilities of leveling

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Irina Tkachenko ◽  
Maryna Lysytsia ◽  
Viktoria Sektymenko
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Economic Deprivation ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
State Of Affairs

Strategy of successful development of the national economic systems of countries-leaders the last years is closely related to leadership in research-anddevelopments, by appearance of new knowledge, development of hi-tech production and creation of mass innovative products. Development of innovative potential is not only a way of dynamic development and success but also backer-up of safety and sovereignty of country, to her competitiveness in the modern world. The necessity of introduction in Ukraine of європейських standards of life and exit of Ukraine on leading positions in the world defined the aim of Strategy of steady development «Ukraine 2020» approved by Decree of President of Ukraine № 5/2015 from January, 12, 2015 and plans of operating under implementation of Agreement about an association from ЕС, by the obligations of Ukraine in relation to the achievement of national Aims of steady development on a period 2030 to The basic displays of origin of economic deprivation and destructive deviation of innovative development of enterprises, lighted up questions that touch maintenance and ways of improvement of strategic management of enterprises innovative activity in the system of institutional structure of forming of innovative behavior, are certain in the article. Reformation of economy of country must take place in the conditions of maintenance of certain calls and risks, in particular, it is a threat of escalation of the battle operating on east, authenticity of worsening of the external economic state of affairs on world commodity markets, migratory processes, braking, destructive deviation and депривація of investment activity. A human capital, and also knowledge and results of scientific researches, must become basis of the Ukrainian innovative competitiveness.

Safe development of business and national economy in the face of a pandemic and global recession

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1198
Author(s):  
I.V. Vyakina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Graphical Visualization ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Business Support ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article deals with the issues related to the national economic security of the State in today's conditions. Objectives. The article aims to develop a set of special measures for additional business support to reduce the impact of restrictions imposed against the background of quarantine and the pandemic spread, and which would help prevent collapse of business entities. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of theoretical, systems, logical, and comparative analyses, and tabular and graphical visualization techniques. Results. The article proposes possible measures to support business aimed at reducing the costs of business entities due to the restrictions caused by the pandemic, that complement and explain the activities proposed by the President and Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the regional and municipal levels. Conclusions. The uncertain current situation requires constant adjustment and adaptation of public policy in accordance with specific circumstances. Ensuring the country's economic security and sustainability associates with creation of a business organization system that connects public administration tools and business support and development opportunities under the changed environment.

The Prophetic Voice of the Church in a Democratic South Africa – A Theological Reflection

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufuluvhi Maria Mudimeli
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Black Liberation ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black Liberation Theology ◽  
Prophetic Voice ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Church

This article is a reflection on the role and contribution of the church in a democratic South Africa. The involvement of the church in the struggle against apartheid is revisited briefly. The church has played a pivotal and prominent role in bringing about democracy by being a prophetic voice that could not be silenced even in the face of death. It is in this time of democracy when real transformation is needed to take its course in a realistic way, where the presence of the church has probably been latent and where it has assumed an observer status. A look is taken at the dilemmas facing the church. The church should not be bound and taken captive by any form of loyalty to any political organisation at the expense of the poor and the voiceless. A need for cooperation and partnership between the church and the state is crucial at this time. This paper strives to address the role of the church as a prophetic voice in a democratic South Africa. Radical economic transformation, inequality, corruption, and moral decadence—all these challenges hold the potential to thwart our young democracy and its ideals. Black liberation theology concepts are employed to explore how the church can become prophetically relevant in democracy. Suggestions are made about how the church and the state can best form partnerships. In avoiding taking only a critical stance, the church could fulfil its mandate “in season and out of season” and continue to be a prophetic voice on behalf of ordinary South Africans.

Assessing the Quality of Management of Transformation Processes in Economic Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 952-956
Author(s):  
M. V. Malyshkina ◽  
M. V. Miroslavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Organizational Transformation ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Transformation Processes

Aim. The presented study aims to develop the methodology for assessing the quality of management of organizational transformation processes. Tasks. To achieve the set aim, the authors solve the following problems: determine the essence and content of socio-economic transformation, formulate quality assurance principles for the management of transformation processes, draw attention to the problem of selecting a unified quality criterion for the management of organizational transformation processes. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, including analysis and synthesis. It also applies a systems approach to identify the major problems of assessing the quality of management of transformation processes, including the problem of selecting a unified quality criterion for the management of transformation processes and formulating the principles of ensuring the quality of management of transformation processes. Results. The global problem of managing transformation processes in the economic system consists in the complexity of the managed processes, which increases due to the multidimensionality, mutual influence, and the resulting uncertainty of interactions between the elements of the system. It is concluded that the methodology for assessing the quality of management of transformation processes is based on the principle of integrating separate measures to improve the quality of management of system elements into a single system of management actions and the principle of ensuring that management actions are primarily aimed at preventing possible negative consequences of the transformation of economic systems, i.e. reducing the potential impact of unfavorable events and their consequences. To assess the effectiveness of targeted management actions and productive actions aimed at organizing, controlling, and guiding the transformation process, the authors actualize the problem of selecting an adequate quality criterion for the management of transformation processes in economic systems and put forward a hypothesis about a possible unified criterion of management quality. Conclusions. The principle of integrating separate measures to improve the quality of management of system elements and the principle of ensuring that management actions are aimed at preventing possible negative consequences lie at the core of the methodology for assessing the quality of management of transformation processes in economic systems. The quality assessment methodology should be developed in the direction of finding a unified quality criterion for managing transformation processes in economic systems.

Democratization in Serbia: An Analysis of Rational Choice and Structuralist Explanations

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunja Apostolov-Dimitrijevic
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Transitional Societies ◽  
The Face

This paper explains political democratization in Post-Milosevic Serbia, utilizing two different accounts of the democratization process: one rooted in the rational choice framework and the other in structuralism. While rational choice explains the decisive role of political leadership in overcoming path dependence, the structuralist explanations show the transnational linkages that encourage democratization in the face of domestic setbacks. This particular debate between the two types of explanations represents the larger debate concerning the role of internal factors and external linkages in propelling democratization in transitional societies. The paper concludes by integrating the two sets of explanations offered by each theoretical perspective, in order to develop a coherent understanding of Serbia's democratization.   Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v9i1.240

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