Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigenaemia among healthcare worker in a private Nigerian tertiary health institution

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles John Elikwu ◽  
Opeoluwa Shonekan ◽  
Emmanuel Shobowale ◽  
Victor Nwadike ◽  
Babtunde Tayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has long been recognized as an occupational risk for healthcare workers (HCWs) as a result of regular and routine exposure to blood and other body fluids in the course of their duties. The risk of occupational exposure to such infection has been the concerns of HCWs for years. However, there were scarcities of information on frequency of Hepatitis B virus infection in the study area. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigenaemia among Health Care Workers in Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilisan, Nigeria. A descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among HCWs from across various occupation categories in the study area between May and June 2015. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographics and clinical data. Sample analytical process was carried out using the HBsAg commercially available kits (Genedia, Green Cross, Korea). Of the 100 HCWs enrolled in the study, HBsAg was detected in 7%. The positivity of HBsAg, in this study, was more among males and all were from staff younger than 50 years old. The occupational risk of HBV infection among the HCWs in this study was highest among the cleaning staff followed by nurses and doctors. None was documented among the Medical laboratory Scientists/technicians. The occupation risk of HBV infection among the HCWs in this study was high. Regular Infection prevention and control training is required and HBV vaccine should be more readily available for HCWs by coordinated institutional vaccination programs.

scholarly journals Preventive Practice on Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Dentists in Selected Hospitals at Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Faisal Solaiman ◽  
Shamim Ahmed ◽  
Syeda Mahmuda Akhter ◽  
Arup Kumar Saha ◽  
Helal Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Preventive Practice ◽  
B Virus ◽  
High Level

Aims: The study was carried out among 120 dentists working in the selected hospitals of Dhaka city to find out the preventive practice on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out involving 120 dentists working in the selected hospitals of Dhaka city from December 2011 to March 2012 to quantify the preventive practice on HBV infection through a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Results were analyzed by using the software SPSS 16.0 version (Chicago). Then analyzed data were presented according to the variables of the study showing percentage relationship between variables using appropriate statistical method.Results: Mean age of the dentists was 26.43±6.29 (range, 25-45) years where 74.17% were male and 25.83% were female. Among 120 respondents, 20.83% obtained BDS degree along with a postgraduate training (PGT) in any of the respective fields of dentistry. Others obtained MS in dentistry (21.67%), MPH in dentistry (10.83%), PhD in dentistry (9.17%), DDS in dental surgery (10%) and FCPS in dentistry (6.67%). Academic positions of the respondents were 33.33%, assistant professors, 26.67% associate professors, 19.17% medical officers, and 17.5% were lecturers. Majority (93.3%) dentists knew about HBV transmission, prevention, symptoms, risks, and concurrences. Out of them, 87.5% reported having been tested for HBV which was associated with their designations (p=0.013) and more than 75% reported having been vaccinated against HBV. Conclusions: A high level of knowledge and attitude towards practice in the prevention of HBV was found to be very good among the dentists of Dhaka city though seemed it was not always possible to take precaution for handling emergency patients. Further broad scale studies would be needed to have decisive results. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13831 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013

scholarly journals P.2.11 Vitamin D deficiency and hepatitis B virus infection and risk of hematological malignancies among korean semiconductor workers: a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A90.1-A90
Author(s):  
Seokwon Lee ◽  
Sarah Yang ◽  
Jaewoo Koh ◽  
Soo-Geun Kim ◽  
Kyoungho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
B Virus

ObjectivesThis study aims to identify an association between potential risk factors and risk of hematological malignancies, especially for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) and leukemia, among Korean semiconductor workers.MethodsWe collected 54 cases who ever worked over 30 days at a Korean semiconductor manufacturing company and were diagnosed as NHL (ICD-10 codes: C82–C85) and leukemia (C91–C95) from January 1 st 1998 to December 31 st 2017. A total of 324 controls, frequency matched by age and sex (1:6 ratios) with no diagnosis of hematological malignancies, were randomly selected. The information on work history, occupational exposure and medical examination data was also collected for the study analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) after adjusting age, sex, education, employment year, smoking, alcohol and body mass index.ResultsNo significant association between hematological malignancies and occupational risk factors, including job title, cleanroom work and occupational exposures, was observed. As for leukemia, however, ORs were significantly increased by natural immunity to hepatitis B virus (HBV) [HBsAg(-), HBsAb(+), HBcAb(+)] (OR=11.92, 95% confidential interval 1.05–135.89) and a past or current (ever) HBV infection [HBsAg(+/-), HBsAb(+/-), HBcAb(+)] (6.52, 1.51–28.10). Furthermore, ORs for NHL were also significantly increased by insufficient serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (12–20 ng/mL) (10.67, 1.27–89.53) and deficient 25(OH)D levels (<12 ng/mL) (12.22, 1.37–109.16) (p<0.05).ConclusionsRisk of hematological malignancies was not associated with occupational risk factors but significantly elevated by two factors, such as HBV infection and insufficient or deficient 25(OH)D level. A longitudinal cohort study is needed to confirm the association between these risk factors and cancers.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and prevalence of hepatitis B virus among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional, hospital-based study in Bamenda Health District, NWR, Cameroon

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e031075
Author(s):  
Etheline Akazong W ◽  
Christopher Tume ◽  
Richard Njouom ◽  
Lawrence Ayong ◽  
Victor Fondoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Transmission

IntroductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a bloodborne virus which can be transmitted via percutaneous and mucocutaneous exposure to infected body fluid. Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are continuously exposed to different body fluids are at an increased risk of contracting and transmitting this virus. It is thus important to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of HCWs towards HBV and the prevalence of HBV infection among them.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out between April and September 2017. Overall, 398 HCWs were recruited for this study. Knowledge on the route of HBV transmission and attitude towards HBV were evaluated using a well-structured questionnaire. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was obtained using the Monolisa HBsAg ULTRA kit (Bio-Rad). Data were analysed using SPSS V.20.ResultsAmong the HCWs who participated in this study, 338 (84.9%) had heard of HBV, and 269 (67.6%) of them had adequate knowledge on the route of HBV transmission. Medical doctors were the most knowledgeable among biomedical workers and students (76.5%). The rate of stigma was highest among nurses (87, 38.8%). The prevalence of HBsAg positivity was high (42, 10.6%) given that there is an efficient and available vaccine. Overall, over 70% of HCWs invited to participate in this study responded.ConclusionKnowledge on the route of HBV transmission was fair, and the level of stigmatisation of HBV-infected patients and the prevalence of HBV infection were high in this study. A sensitisation campaign should be carried out to educate HCWs on HBV, thus reducing the level of stigma associated with HBV as well as the probability of contracting HBV as a nosocomial infection.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional hospital-based study on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus markers among healthcare workers, NWR, Cameroon

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e045716
Author(s):  
Etheline W Akazong ◽  
Christopher Tume ◽  
Lawrence Ayong ◽  
Richard Njouom ◽  
Sebastien Kenmoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
B Virus

BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health issue worldwide, with about 257 million people reported to be chronic carriers by the WHO fact sheet updated in 2018. HBV can be contracted via direct contact with infected body fluid and infection is almost always asymptomatic. Although healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of HBV infection, little is known about the prevalence of the various HBV markers among HCWs in Cameroon. The present study was taken to evaluate the prevalence of different HBV serological markers among HCWs in the North-West Region of Cameroon.MethodsThis cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out between April and September 2017 during which 395 HCWs were recruited. The serum of the HCWs were tested for the presence of HBV core antibody, hepatitis B surface antibody, hepatitis B e antibody and hepatitis B surface antigen using Monalisa ELISA kits produced by BIO-RAD laboratories. Data were analysed using SPSS V.20.0.ResultsAmong the 395 participants, 270 (68.4%) of them were females, 187 (47.3%) had been exposed to HBV, 145 (36.7%) had resolved the infection, 42 (10.6%) were current HBV carriers, 10 (2.5%) were infective, 36 (9.1%) were vaccinated and 172 (43.5%) were still susceptible. Exposure to HBV, past infection and susceptibility were significantly associated with age while the rate of vaccination was significantly associated with the job of the HCW in the health facilities.ConclusionThe prevalence of HBV exposure and infection among HCWs obtained in this study was high while the level of vaccination in this at-risk population was low. Adequate steps should be taken to sensitise this population on HBV and the vaccination procedure.

scholarly journals Awareness of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Rural Area: A Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar Sweety ◽  
Shamim Akther Mimi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Almost All

Background: The awareness regarding Hepatitis B vaccination is necessary in the general population of Bangladesh.Objective: This study was carried out to determine the level of knowledge and the vaccination coverage of hepatitis B virus in rural population.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Administration and Management (BIAM), Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2011 to April 2011. Sirajdikhan upazila of Munshiganj District was taken as a study place. All the villagers with an age group of 15 to 55 years were taken as study population. Result: A total number of 30 respondents were recruited of which male (60.0%) is predominant than female (40.0%). The mean age with SD was 23±7.256 years (range 15-53 years). Majority has told about the knowledge regarding the sequel of hepatitis B virus infection (33.3%). Almost all respondents (96.7%) are unknown about the treatment of HBV infection. Majority (76.7%) are unknown regarding taking HBV vaccination. Nobody has given positive answer in response to take vaccine. Conclusion: In conclusion information and knowledge regarding HBV infection and vaccination is very poor in the rural area of Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcamr.v1i1.19558J Curr Adv Med Res 2014;1(1):3-7

scholarly journals Distribution of hepatitis B virus-positive individuals in Zaria, Nigeria, according to risk-associated practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman El-Fulaty Ahmad ◽  
Adamu Girei Bakari ◽  
Bolanle O. P. Musa ◽  
Shettima K. Mustapha ◽  
Idris Nasir Abdullahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Needlestick Injury ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: An estimated 75% of Nigerians are at risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure. In an attempt to reduce the menace, the assessment of risk factors associated with HBV infection and general perception of infected individuals is a step in that direction. This study, therefore, identified exposure to risk factors and general perceptions associated with HBV infection in infected individuals in Zaria, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Four milliliters of blood were collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid container from each of 165 HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive participants recruited purposively from the gastroenterology clinic of ABUTH Zaria from May to August 2017. Plasma was separated and used to screen for HBsAg with Fastep® rapid strip. Epi Info® questionnaire database was used to collate data on sociodemographics, risk factors, and perception indices. GraphPad Prism 6 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The median interquartile range age of the participants was 31.0 (25.5–39.0) years with 107 (64.8%) male participants. Sharing hair clippers, commercial pedicure, and body piercing among others were some of the risks that the study participants reported to be exposed to. One-quarter of health workers involved in the study had needlestick injury. Less than half of the study participants (47.7%) knew of hepatitis B before testing HBsAg seropositive. Knowledge of the HBV vaccine before testing and adherence was generally poor (38.6% and 44.6%, respectively). There was a significant linear relationship between the level of education and knowledge of hepatitis B. Conclusion: Considering the myriads of already established risks of HBV seen in Zaria, massive enlightenment campaigns need to be embarked on continuously through all available media, including social media.

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen (HBsAg) in Patients Visiting Teaching Hospital of Jumla, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-133
Author(s):  
Bibek Pun Magar ◽  
Niresh Thapa ◽  
Elisha Rana ◽  
Keshav Raj Joshi ◽  
Arjun Prasad Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Virus Surface ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
B Virus

Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a foremost global health problem. In the context of Nepal, the prevalence of HBV infection is found to be low, 0.9% (1.1% in males and 0.5% in females), though a high prevalence of ≥8% is shown among the population in the mountainous region by several studies. The epidemiology of HBV infection in the population of Jumla is not well-known. This study aimed to find out the seroprevalence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients visiting Karnali Academy of Health Sciences Teaching Hospital (KAHS-TH), Jumla, Nepal. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in people visiting KAHS-TH, Jumla for testing HBsAg from 1st April 2018 to 31st March 2019. The samples collected were tested for HBsAg by using the Rapid HBsAg test kit. All positive cases were further tested by the Chemiluminescence (CLIA) method for HBsAg. The data entry was done in Microsoft Excel. After transferring the data into SPSS version 16, data analysis was done.Results: In this study, 1704 individuals were screened during the period. Overall 53 (3.11%) were HBsAg positive. Among the total of 506 males and 1198 females, 22 (4.34%) males and 31 (2.58%) females were positive for HBsAg. The highest prevalence (8.1%) was observed in the age group of 40– 45 years. But the prevalence rate is zero in 0-5 years age group and above 65 years of age. Conclusion: The HBV infection was higher in Jumla as compared to that of the overall prevalence of Nepal. Males were highly infected than females and the middle age group was at the high-risk of HBV infection. 

scholarly journals Anti-HBs levels among children and adolescents with complete immunization schedule against hepatitis B virus. A cross-sectional study in Blumenau, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2007-2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa do Livramento ◽  
Caio Mauricio Mendes de Cordova ◽  
Natália Gazzoni Scaraveli ◽  
Gabriela Chiochetta Tonial ◽  
Celso Spada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels

INTRODUCTION: Vaccination is the main tool for preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; however, following the completion of the vaccination series, the concentrations of anti-HBs can decline over the years and reach levels less than 10mIU/mL. The persistence of protection in these individuals is still unknown. The present study aimed to determine the anti-HBs antibody levels among children and adolescents who had received a complete vaccination course for hepatitis B. METHODS: Antibodies against HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) were tested in 371 individuals aged 10 to 15 years-old. RESULTS: Volunteers who showed undetectable quantities of anti-HBs accounted for 10.2% of the population studied and 39.9% presented antibody titers of less than 10mIU/mL. Anti-HBs ≥ 10mIU/mL were verified in 49.9%. CONCLUSIONS: These results corroborate other studies indicating levels of anti-HBs below 10mIU/mL in vaccinated individuals. Additional studies are required to assess whether this indicates susceptibility to HBV infection and the need and age for booster doses.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study to assess the awareness of hepatitis B virus infection in auxiliary staff of a tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3209
Author(s):  
Pooja G. Dhutraj ◽  
Sujata S. Pol ◽  
Harshalkumar N. Mahajan ◽  
Swati S. Chavhan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is 50-100 times more infectious than HIV and this communicable disease can be prevented by vaccination. Auxiliary staff (class IV workers) of a hospital is one of the most important health workers who work at ground level and are directly or indirectly exposed to blood and body fluids in the course of their work and therefore are at high risk of infection with blood-borne pathogens. They are expected to have an optimum level of awareness toward HBV infection. This study was conducted with the aim to study the awareness about HBV infection, and its transmission, vaccination and protective practices among auxiliary staff.Methods: A cross‑sectional descriptive study was carried out in 220 auxiliary staff of a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, using a pretested, pre-validated questionnaire.Results: Out of 220 respondents 146 had heard about HBV infection. Out of 146 respondents, 89 were aware about >1 routes of transmission, 135 heard about vaccination and 70 had taken 3 doses of vaccination. Almost all took protective measures at work-place.Conclusions: The results showed that respondents had inadequate awareness about of HBV infection, routes of transmission and vaccination.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Infection as a Risk Factor for Developing Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of a Large Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Mutiara Nindya Sari ◽  
Clarissa Agdelina ◽  
Darlene Bahri ◽  
Nadya Regina Permata ◽  
Joue Abraham Trixie
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Study Type

Background: There are a lot of theories about how Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection affects many diseases, one of them is Diabetes Mellitus (DM). However, the relation remains controversial between DM and HBV as an infection. This study aims to evaluate HBV infection as a risk factor for developing DM.Method: A systematic review was performed using medical search engines such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect and GoogleScholar. References until February 2021 that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The primary outcome was the prevalence of DM. Authors also perform Subgroup analyses based on study type. The extracted data were analyzed using RevMan 5.4 application.Results: A total of 20 studies were analyzed with 245,468,411 subjects included. In which divided into two groups, patients with HBV infected group and non infected HBV group. Authors found that there is a statistically difference between patients with HBV infected groups and non infected HBV groups on the primary outcome which is the prevalence of DM (OR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.10-1.41; p = 0.0006). Authors also found the same results based on study type both in case-control (OR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.08-2.85; p = 0.02) and cross-sectional (OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.05-1.85; p = 0.02) studies. Meanwhile in Cohort studies the results show no statistically significant difference between the two groups (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.87-1.33; p = 0.52). Conclusion:  HBV infected patients have a higher risk of developing DM than patients without HBV infection. 

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