scholarly journals STATISTICAL STUDY OF THE STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF FOREIGN TRADE OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
Olha MYLASHKO
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Physical Volume

The directions of statistical analysis of the country’s foreign trade processes are considered in the article. Possibilities of statistical methods for studying the state and the main trends that have developed in this area are highlighted. The conclusions about the intensity of the dynamics of the trade balance indicators are generalized. The processes of the outstripping development of imports over exports are highlighted. The dynamics of the balance of export-import operations is analyzed and trends of its deterioration are demonstrated. The degree of coverage of imports by exports and the processes of formation of the trade balance deficit are investigated in time. The directions of development of characteristics of the balance of foreign trade operations are studied. High levels of export and import dependence of the country have been demonstrated, which leads to vulnerability to external shocks and instability in the world. The results of the analysis of the structure and structural shifts in the trade of Ukraine with the countries of the Visegrad Four are presented. The emphasis is made on the prospects of interrelations with this group of countries from the point of view of using their experience in preparing for accession to the EU. The article demonstrates more intensive changes in the geographical structure of exports than imports and highlights the tendencies towards an increase in the role of Poland and a decrease in Hungary in the export-import operations of the Visegrad Four with Ukraine. The processes of changing the terms of trade have been investigated in terms of changes in export and import prices and in terms of changes in the physical volume of exports and imports on the example of a group of dairy products, which are widely represented among both export and import goods of Ukraine. The index method was used to analyze the absolute and relative impact of changes in prices and the physical volume of exports and imports of a number of dairy products on the value of exports and imports. Changes in the terms of trade are highlighted by constructing quantitative and price indices of the terms of trade. It was clarified that it was the sharp reduction in the physical volume of exports that contributed to the decrease in foreign exchange earnings from the export of dairy products. The necessity of measures to promote domestic goods abroad, primarily to European countries, has been substantiated. The research results can be used in foreign trade policy at the macro level.

scholarly journals Role of agriculture and multifunctional rural development in Serbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalija Bogdanov ◽  
Zorica Vasiljevic
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Clear Explanation

Serbia is mostly rural country, as three fourth of its territory make rural areas, while almost half population is living in rural areas. Serbian agriculture is the sector which is very important for the total economy of the country in respect of resources, participation in GDP, employment as well as importance for rural areas and population. This is the only sector in Serbian economy that shows positive foreign trade balance in the recent several years.There are potentials for development of agrarian entrepreneurship on one hand, but on the other, there are constraints in existence of great number of small family farms whereas the huge share could not have commercial profile and could not live only from agricultural activities. The concept of multifunctional development of agriculture and rural areas is still present mostly in scientific and political sphere without clear explanation or interpretation as well as mechanisms of implementation. Serbia’s rural space is heterogenic and devastated in different extent, and therefore extremely complicated for planning of multifunctional development.

scholarly journals Public opinion as an institute of direct democracy

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
N.I. Rodzinskyi ◽  
D.S. Savchenko ◽  
M.H. Khaustova
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
State Of Power ◽  
Positive Factor ◽  
Effective Contribution

The article is devoted to the problematic form and pressure of the public opinion. Basic attention is the theoretical aspects of understanding of public opinion as the legal and social phenomenon, as exactly due to a presence or absence of foregoing institute of civil society it is possible to talk about the state and level of democratization of society, taking into account active introduction of processes that provide access and participation of citizens in life of the state. A self concept «public opinion» though has the generalized interpretation and interpretation in a modern kind, however during all way of forming tested quite a bit transformations and modifications. The presence of different conceptions to understanding of the phenomenon of public opinion is first of all explained variety of looks to influence of actors on the origin of public opinion. Scientists in the doctrine of sociology and legal sciences examine public opinion as phenomenon of mass consciousness that has elemental character, a social institute, a social regulator, that brings in the effective contribution to the decisions of question, that touch activity of the state. For today three basic going was formed near understanding of public opinion as social and legal phenomenon – morally-normative that was based on public publicity and openness, approach, that was based not on subject composition, but on thematic, denying here influence of mass character on the process of forming of public opinion and approach demoscopy is fixed in basis of that – research the key aspect of that is realization of analysis of public opinion on the basis of quantitative data. The classic going near understanding of public opinion from the point of view of her nature is conception of V. Lipman, in basis of that influence of environment of existence of individual is fixed on the process of forming of public opinion. In this theory attention is accented on that a human is clearly limited to in informative space the capacity for perception of information, and that is why can not grasp her fully, however this factor plays role of positive factor of forming of public opinion, as it gives an opportunity more deep knowledge in certain industry, creating more organized public opinion that does not limit opinion of every individual here. As well as on any institute of direct democracy on public opinion certain functions – expressive, consultative, directive functions. Due to realization of foregoing functions public opinion there is cooperating of public with organs by the state of power, that it is counted on formation of original symbiosis, the aim of that is creation of positive terms for life of citizens, increase of level of democratization in society, to improve quality and efficiency of realization of the functions fixed on them power within the framework of legislation.

scholarly journals MOLDOVAN EXTERNAL TRADE WITH EU, CIS AND OTHER COUNTRIES: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-70
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
The European Union ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Physical Volume ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Laspeyres Index

The foreign trade of a state represents a determinant in assessing its economic statute among the neighbours and in the whole world. Actuality of the studied topic is determined by the changing trade relations that the Republic of Moldova is passing through in the last years. Republic of Moldova holds the necessary criteria for becoming a competitive country in the region in terms of the manufactured and marketed goods. The aim of the study is to evaluate the foreign trade of the Republic of Moldova, by emphasizing the main traded groups of products, trade partners as well as to analyze the average price index and physical volume index of imports and exports. The paper also comes with an analysis of re-export and re-import, which represent a peculiarity for our country’s trade pattern. Research methods that have been used within the paper are the following: analogy, systemic approach, statistical and scientific analysis, Laspeyres index method. The obtained results focus on the recovery of the foreign trade between 2015 and 2017 with higher revival rates of exports, and a growing reorientation of exports towards the European Union and other countries markets.

Protectionism demands trade rethink in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Trade Liberalisation ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Context ◽  
International Commodity ◽  
The Government

Subject Argentina's foreign trade. Significance In 2016, an improvement in the terms of trade and higher export volumes of agricultural commodities helped to offset a fall in international commodity prices and a fall in manufactures exports. The trade balance reached a surplus of 2.1 billion dollars last year, after a deficit of nearly 3.0 billion in 2015. Impacts Exports will remain dependent on the evolution of commodities prices and Brazilian demand. The government will continue to encourage trade liberalisation to control inflation. The new global context should drive a revision of trade strategy, initially focused on the approach to Asia-Pacific bloc.

Civil society

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean L. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Critical Force ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Role Of The State

In modern social and political philosophy civil society has come to refer to a sphere of human activity and a set of institutions outside state or government. It embraces families, churches, voluntary associations and social movements. The contrast between civil society and state was first drawn by eighteenth-century liberals for the purpose of attacking absolutism. Originally the term civil society (in Aristotelian Greek, politike koinonia) referred to a political community of equal citizens who participate in ruling and being ruled. In the twentieth century the separation of philosophy from social sciences, and the greatly expanded role of the state in economic and social life, have seemed to deprive the concept of both its intellectual home and its critical force. Yet, approaching the end of the century, the discourse of civil society is now enormously influential. What explains the concept’s revival? Does it have any application in societies that are not constitutional democracies? From a normative point of view, what distinguishes civil society from both the state and the formal economy?

On legal facts conditions in criminal executive law and their classification

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Егор Евгеньевич Новиков
Keyword(s):  
Third Parties ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Legal Consequences

В статье рассматриваются юридические факты-состояния, порождающие, изменяющие или прекращающие уголовно-исполнительные правоотношения. Автор на основе анализа дискуссии ученых-юристов, посвященной определению места событий в системе юридических фактов, представил собственную точку зрения, касающуюся роли юридических фактов-состояний в уголовно-исполнительном праве. В работе аргументируется, что состояние следует отнести к одному из видов фактов-событий. Представлена классификация юридических фактов-событий, содержащихся в уголовно-исполнительном праве. Предлагается рассматриваемые правовые явления классифицировать по следующим основаниям: по происхождению (абсолютные (болезнь осужденного/родственников) и относительные (беременность, опьянение, родство); по времени существования (краткосрочные, длительные, постоянные); в зависимости от способности порождать правоотношения (состояния, влекущие стопроцентное возникновение юридических последствий и факты, порождающие возникновение юридических последствий, но при условии участия третьих лиц). The article deals with legal facts-states generating, changing or terminating criminal executive relations. The author, based on an analysis of the discussion of legal scholars devoted to determining the location of events in the system of legal facts, presented his own point of view regarding the role of legal facts-states in the criminal-executive law. The paper argues that the state should be attributed to one of the types of fact-events. The article presents the classification of legal facts-events contained in the criminal-executive law. It is proposed to classify the considered legal phenomena for the following reasons: by origin (absolute (illness of the convict / relatives) and relative (pregnancy, intoxication, kinship); by time of existence (short-term, long-term, permanent); depending on the ability to generate legal relations (conditions entailing 100 % of the occurrence of legal consequences and facts giving rise to the occurrence of legal consequences, but subject to the participation of third parties.

Institutional principles of functioning and development in society of post-soviet countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-B) ◽  
pp. 634-640
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Pavlyshyn ◽  
Victor Grushko ◽  
Natalya Saenko ◽  
Yuliia Lisnievska ◽  
Elena Artemova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation

The role of institutes and institutions in the process of functioning and development of society is revealed in the work. An analysis of the state of institutions and institutions in society of post-soviet countries at the present stage of its development and the problems associated with the underestimation of their role in the organization of society. The mechanisms of formation of contradictions between formal and informal regulators of public relations are revealed. The need to harmonize the basic principles of functioning of official institutions and informal norms is substantiated. The conclusions of leading institutionalists from the point of view of application of their ideas in society of post-soviet countries  are analyzed. The problems of synchronization of interaction of newly formed official institutions in the country and ingrained informal norms prevailing in the society are revealed. Informal norms that have a destructive effect on the development of society have been singled out.

scholarly journals Fiscal policy and foreign trade as a determinant of economic development – focus Kosovo

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Arben Tërstena ◽  
Ismail Mehmeti ◽  
Sokol Krasniqi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Fiscal System ◽  
Balkan Countries

Fiscal policy and foreign trade as a determinant of economic development – focus Kosovo Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of fiscal policy in Kosovo, comparing with the Western Balkan countries, in the trends of economic development, which are related to the international market, and how to achieve the objectives of the economy of Kosovo, penetrating the foreign market of local companies, using fiscal policy instruments. Design / methodology / approach: data processing is performed using deductive-analytical methods, describing and comparing research findings by commercial companies, extracting data and comparing official reports of national and international institutions on the role of policies analysis in the Western Balkan countries and in Kosovo, and the results of the research are based on these analyzes. Findings: Each sovereign state has its own fiscal policy operating within the fiscal system of that country, which also influences the development trends of international trade, the same applies to Kosovo and the Western Balkan countries, where this policy includes customs tax, VAT, tax in personal income, etc. The government of the country, through fiscal policy instruments creates conditions for companies to be as present in the foreign market as possible with their products, which impacts on the overall economic development of the country. achieved. Practical implications: the paper provides insights into the state of the fiscal system in Kosovo, how fiscal policy affects the creation of conditions for foreign trade development, where is Kosovo's economy is in relation to the Western Balkan countries and what are the steps needed to improve it. Originality / value: the paper provides real data on the state of the fiscal system in Kosovo and its full role in the development of foreign trade in relation to the Western Balkan countries.   Key words: Fiscal policy, international trade, international agreements, fiscal system, economic development, development policy measures, etc.

scholarly journals When is enough, enough? And what should the criminologist say?

Temida ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Nils Christie
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Penal System ◽  
State Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Critical Overview

In this paper, the author is trying to find the answers to questions when is enough, enough, and what is the role of the criminologists in the process of establishing the balance between the crime control carried out by the state and the civil society and its basic values. Each state can be evaluated by its penal system that reflects the crucial centers of the state control and power, conveying at the same time information about the way we are not supposed to go. Namely, the penalty, which means the infliction of pain against the accused, presents the negation of the basic ethical, moral human, civilized principles. In that way, the penalty becomes a dangerous for the society, as well as the serious obstacle for ideals of the social cohesion and assimilation. He is showing that on the examples of penal systems in several countries, such as Finland, Russia, Byelorussia and Norway, giving a critical overview of the penal system of the USA. The USA penal system is a good example of breaking off the links with the basic societal values, representing at the same time crime against people in the USA, as well as in other (European) countries due to the strong influence which the States have in this domain because of their economy power on the global plan. Bearing that in mind, the author is concluding that the criminologists should begin the analysis from another point of view: not from the offender and the criminal offence, but from the existing penal system in order to find out what kind of pain and what way of its causing would be acceptable in the certain historical, societal, and cultural context; in other words how big the penal system should be, without endangering the basic values at the same time.

scholarly journals FISCAL REGULATION OF THE UKRAINIAN CONSUMER MARKET

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Oksana DESYATNYUK ◽  
Viktoriia SIDLIAR
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Consumer Expenditures ◽  
National Production ◽  
Substitution Policy ◽  
Stimulation Of

Introduction. In modern conditions it is important to ensure the competitiveness of one's own country by facilitating the development of high-tech, quality national production, with further stimulation of its exports and protection against fraudulent imports. The research of the state and trends of the consumer market is relevant and necessary for determining the directions and levers of the state's influence on its development. Purpose. The objective of this paper is to research the trends of the Ukrainian consumer market, substantiates possible ways of regulating it with the help of fiscal tools from the point of view of modern protectionism and taking into account globalization and integration requirements. Results. The dynamics and structure of consumer expenditures of households as the main end consumers, the share of imports in the consumer market of Ukraine, foreign trade trends are considered. The import dependence of the consumer market and disturbing tendencies for its strengthening have been revealed. The necessity to support and facilitate the development of national production and deterrence of imports has been identified. Conclusions. The expediency of the implementation of the import substitution policy, the use of fiscal instruments for the development of competitive production with the emphasis on the innovative component is substantiated. Anti-dumping, countervailing and special trade defence measures need to be improved and activated to counteract unfair imports.

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