Water Temperature Control Using PID Control System Based on LabVIEW

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Ari Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Digital Thermometer ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract - Automatic system have grown widespread across all sector so do water heater. Traditionally, heating water is done by utilizing fire as heat source. As the growing of technology, the heating process could be done by manipulating electrical energy by convert it to heat. Electrical energy is flown to a metal rod that contact directly with the water which increase the water temperature. On some case, appropiate water temperature is needed. Altough, a thermometer is needed to read the actual temperature as a feedback value for the system and a system that can control the electricity current flow through the heater that the heat produced is linear to the current flow. With implementing microcontroller as a process node for generating PWM signal, this problem can be solved. Also, Labview is needed as an interface for monitoring and bursting an output which have been processed by Proportional, Integral, and Devivative (PID) controller to producing accurate and stable heat. Based on the results of testing, the system is able to provide a rapid response to any changes that occur, both changes in set-point and changes in water temperature (actual value). Another test is done by comparing the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor in this device with an external digital thermometer placed in the same place, and from some of the tests the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor in this device has a difference of ± 0.19 ℃ with a digital thermometer. Keyword : Water Heater, Thermometer, Microcontroller, LabView, PID.

Interaction Between Solid Copper Jets and Powerful Electrical Current Pulses

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Appelgren ◽  
Torgny E. Carlsson ◽  
Andreas Helte ◽  
Tomas Hurtig ◽  
Anders Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Pulse ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Contact Region ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Solid Copper

The interaction between a solid copper jet and an electric current pulse is studied. Copper jets that were created by a shaped-charge device were passed through an electrode configuration consisting of two aluminum plates with a separation distance of 150 mm. The electrodes were connected to a pulsed-power supply delivering a current pulse with amplitudes up to 250 kA. The current and voltages were measured, providing data on energy deposition in the jet and electrode contact region, and flash X-ray diagnostics were used to depict the jet during and after electrification. The shape of, and the velocity distributions along, the jet has been used to estimate the correlation between the jet mass flow through the electrodes and the electrical energy deposition. On average, 2.8 kJ/g was deposited in the jet and electrode region, which is sufficient to bring the jet up to the boiling point. A model based on the assumption of a homogenous current flow through the jet between the electrodes underestimates the energy deposition and the jet resistance by a factor 5 compared with the experiments, indicating a more complex current flow through the jet. The experimental results indicate the following mechanism for the enhancement of jet breakup. When electrified, the natural-formed necks in the jet are subjected to a higher current density compared with other parts of the jet. The higher current density results in a stronger heating and a stronger magnetic pinch force. Eventually, the jet material in the neck is evaporated and explodes electrically, resulting in a radial ejection of vaporized jet material.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN PEMANAS AIR OHMIK SEDERHANA BERBAHAN DASAR SENDOK MAKAN LOGAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Hazairin Nikmatul Lukma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Ohm’S Law ◽  
Current Limiting ◽  
Heating Water ◽  
Further Development

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil pemanfaatan sendok makan logam yang digunakan sebagai pemanas air menggunakan prinsip Ohmik, yang didesain sedemikian rupa sehingga sendok makan dapat berfungsi sebagai elektroda. Ketika dua buah sendok makan dengan jarak tertentu yang dapat diatur jaraknya dialiri arus, maka akan dihasilkan kalor yang mampu meningkatkan suhu air dalam suatu wadah yang terbuat dari isolator, sebagaimana prinsip Hukum Ohm. Jarak kedua sendok dapat diatur, dimana semakin dekat jarak antara dua sendok, makin cepat proses pemanasan air. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknik Universitas Islam Balitar pada bulan April hingga Juni tahun 2017. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar antara kedua sendok, makin lama proses pemanasan, namun daya yang diperlukan lebih rendah. Sedangkan ketika jarak antara kedua sendok dibuat lebih dekat, proses pemanasan berjalan lebih cepat, akan tetapi daya listrik yang diperlukan juga semakin besar. Nilai efisiensi energi listrik dari pemanas air ohmik diperoleh sebesar 90%. Nilai efsiensi ini tidak terlalu tinggi dikarenakan selama proses pemanasan, daya listrik yang dibutuhkan terus meningkat. Untuk pengembangan selanjutnya, desain alat pemanas air ini dapat ditambah komponen pembatas arus, sehingga daya listrik yang digunakan dapat terkontrol.This research aims to determine the results of the use of metal tablespoons used as a water heater using Ohmik principle, which is designed in such a way that the tablespoons can function as an electrode. When two tablespoon with a certain distance can be adjusted the distance flow, the heat will be produced that can increase the temperature of water in a container made of insulators, as the principle of Ohm's Law. Spacing of two spoons can be adjusted, where the closer the distance between two spoons, the faster the process of heating water. The research was conducted at the Technical Laboratory of Islamic University of Balitar in April to June 2017. The result of data analysis showed that the bigger between the two spoons, the longer the heating process, but the required power is lower. Meanwhile, when the distance between the two spoons is made closer, the heating process runs faster, but the power required is also greater. The value of the electrical energy efficiency of the ohmic water heater is 90%. The value of this efficiency is not too high because during the heating process, the electrical power required continues to increase. For further development, the design of this water heater can be added current limiting components, so that the electrical power used can be controlled.

scholarly journals Alat Pengatur Suhu Air Via Smartphone Android Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Know How ◽  
Arduino Uno

Dispenser is an electric powered water heater that works principle converts electrical energy into heat to heat water. Dispensers in the market today do not use the water temperature indicator level, so users do not know how much water temperature level has been reached that will be used to make food or drinks such as coffee, milk, tea, noodles or other foods. In the dispenser there are only LED indicators that will light up when water is heated and off when the water is hot. Hot water temperatures used for the manufacture of coffee, tea and other beverages require a certain temperature which is usually not more than 96° C because it will cause some problems, for example for coffee drinks will taste bitter and flavor in coffee may be lost. From this background, researchers want to design an adjustable water heater according to user requirements, with a temperature range between 30° C to 85° C using control of arduino uno microcontroller and some supporting components. Test results of this water temperature controller, the tool is made to produce water temperature according to user needs that is in the range 30-85° C

Energized neutral effects on corrugated gas supply lines

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
Kevin R Davis ◽  
Michael Shuttlesworth
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Ignition Source ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Home Owner ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Current Carrying Capability ◽  
Gas Supply ◽  
Short Section

In the course of performing fire investigations, it is not uncommon to encounter a fire where the ignition source is identified as electrical in nature. Furthermore, we have all likely encountered a situation where the fire occurred as a result of the neutral circuit being energized (short circuited to line potential). This article will share what occurred during one particular instance where a home owner witnessed and photographed an energized neutral event. Fortunately, a fire did not occur, but easily could have. The home owner photographed the gas appliance connector connected to a water heater that was glowing red hot during the event. It is the intent of this article to share the particulars of this case and explore the effects of an energized neutral circuit as it relates to current flow in a gas appliance connector. The energized neutral circuit was witnessed and documented by the home owner. The glowing gas appliance connector was a real event, not theoretical or staged. The glowing gas appliance connector did not result in a fire; however, it did raise questions regarding the current carrying capability of the gas appliance connector and what level of surface temperatures resulted from the current flow through the short section of gas line. The energized gas appliance connector was duplicated in the lab. The external surface temperature of the gas appliance connector was measured at various current levels and documented.

scholarly journals PERANCANGAN PEMANAS AIR OHMIK SEDERHANA BERBAHAN DASAR SENDOK MAKAN LOGAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Hazairin Nikmatul Lukma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Ohm’S Law ◽  
Current Limiting ◽  
Heating Water ◽  
Further Development

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil pemanfaatan sendok makan logam yang digunakan sebagai pemanas air menggunakan prinsip Ohmik, yang didesain sedemikian rupa sehingga sendok makan dapat berfungsi sebagai elektroda. Ketika dua buah sendok makan dengan jarak tertentu yang dapat diatur jaraknya dialiri arus, maka akan dihasilkan kalor yang mampu meningkatkan suhu air dalam suatu wadah yang terbuat dari isolator, sebagaimana prinsip Hukum Ohm. Jarak kedua sendok dapat diatur, dimana semakin dekat jarak antara dua sendok, makin cepat proses pemanasan air. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknik Universitas Islam Balitar pada bulan April hingga Juni tahun 2017. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar antara kedua sendok, makin lama proses pemanasan, namun daya yang diperlukan lebih rendah. Sedangkan ketika jarak antara kedua sendok dibuat lebih dekat, proses pemanasan berjalan lebih cepat, akan tetapi daya listrik yang diperlukan juga semakin besar. Nilai efisiensi energi listrik dari pemanas air ohmik diperoleh sebesar 90%. Nilai efsiensi ini tidak terlalu tinggi dikarenakan selama proses pemanasan, daya listrik yang dibutuhkan terus meningkat. Untuk pengembangan selanjutnya, desain alat pemanas air ini dapat ditambah komponen pembatas arus, sehingga daya listrik yang digunakan dapat terkontrol.This research aims to determine the results of the use of metal tablespoons used as a water heater using Ohmik principle, which is designed in such a way that the tablespoons can function as an electrode. When two tablespoon with a certain distance can be adjusted the distance flow, the heat will be produced that can increase the temperature of water in a container made of insulators, as the principle of Ohm's Law. Spacing of two spoons can be adjusted, where the closer the distance between two spoons, the faster the process of heating water. The research was conducted at the Technical Laboratory of Islamic University of Balitar in April to June 2017. The result of data analysis showed that the bigger between the two spoons, the longer the heating process, but the required power is lower. Meanwhile, when the distance between the two spoons is made closer, the heating process runs faster, but the power required is also greater. The value of the electrical energy efficiency of the ohmic water heater is 90%. The value of this efficiency is not too high because during the heating process, the electrical power required continues to increase. For further development, the design of this water heater can be added current limiting components, so that the electrical power used can be controlled.

THE EFFECT OF OXYGEN ADSORPTION ON THE CONDUCTIVITY OF PBTE FILMS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8(77)) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
S.N. Sarmasov ◽  
R.Sh. Rahimov ◽  
T.Sh. Abdullayev
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Region ◽  
Current Flow ◽  
Oxygen Adsorption ◽  
Tunneling Mechanism ◽  
Pn Junction ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Pn Junctions ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

The effect of oxygen adsorption on the conductivity of PbTe films is studied. Pn junctions based on PbTe films are photosensitive in the IR spectral region with a maximum photosensitivity of 𝜆𝑚𝑎𝑥 microns. The tunneling mechanism of current flow through the pn junction is shown.

Straight-Move Robot Control System with LabView-Based Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Andrean George W
Keyword(s):  
Pid Control ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Labview Software ◽  
Dc Motors ◽  
Dc Motor Control ◽  
Process System ◽  
Interface Devices

Abstract - Control and monitoring of the rotational speed of a wheel (DC motor) in a process system is very important role in the implementation of the industry. PWM control and monitoring for wheel rotational speed on a pair of DC motors uses computer interface devices where in the industry this is needed to facilitate operators in controlling and monitoring motor speed. In order to obtain the best controller, tuning the Integral Derifative (PID) controller parameter is done. In this tuning we can know the value of proportional gain (Kp), integral time (Ti) and derivative time (Td). The PID controller will give action to the DC motor control based on the error obtained, the desired DC motor rotation value is called the set point. LabVIEW software is used as a PE monitor, motor speed control. Keyword : LabView, Motor DC, Arduino, LabView, PID.

Optimal tuning of PID controller in time delay system: a review on various optimization techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas George ◽  
V. Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Delay Systems ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Time Delay Systems ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
First Order

AbstractThe processes which contain at least one pole at the origin are known as integrating systems. The process output varies continuously with time at certain speed when they are disturbed from the equilibrium operating point by any environment disturbance/change in input conditions and thus they are considered as non-self-regulating. In most occasions this phenomenon is very disadvantageous and dangerous. Therefore it is always a challenging task to efficient control such kind of processes. Depending upon the number of poles present at the origin and also on the location of other poles in transfer function different types of integrating systems exist. Stable first order plus time delay systems with an integrator (FOPTDI), unstable first order plus time delay systems with an integrator (UFOPTDI), pure integrating plus time delay (PIPTD) systems and double integrating plus time delay (DIPTD) systems are the classifications of integrating systems. By using a well-controlled positioning stage the advances in micro and nano metrology are inevitable in order satisfy the need to maintain the product quality of miniaturized components. As proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are very simple to tune, easy to understand and robust in control they are widely implemented in many of the chemical process industries. In industries this PID control is the most common control algorithm used and also this has been universally accepted in industrial control. In a wide range of operating conditions the popularity of PID controllers can be attributed partly to their robust performance and partly to their functional simplicity which allows engineers to operate them in a simple, straight forward manner. One of the accepted control algorithms by the process industries is the PID control. However, in order to accomplish high precision positioning performance and to build a robust controller tuning of the key parameters in a PID controller is most inevitable. Therefore, for PID controllers many tuning methods are proposed. the main factors that lead to lifetime reduction in gain loss of PID parameters are described in This paper and also the main methods used for gain tuning based on optimization approach analysis is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each one are outlined and some future directions for research are analyzed.

scholarly journals An Improved PID Controller for the Compliant Constant-Force Actuator Based on BP Neural Network and Smith Predictor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2685
Author(s):  
Guojin Pei ◽  
Ming Yu ◽  
Yaohui Xu ◽  
Cui Ma ◽  
Houhu Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Smith Predictor ◽  
Constant Force ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Adjustment Time

A compliant constant-force actuator based on the cylinder is an important tool for the contact operation of robots. Due to the nonlinearity and time delay of the pneumatic system, the traditional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) method for constant force control does not work so well. In this paper, an improved PID control method combining a backpropagation (BP) neural network and the Smith predictor is proposed. Through MATLAB simulation and experimental validation, the results show that the proposed method can shorten the maximum overshoot and the adjustment time compared with traditional the PID method.

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