DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF FREQUENCY SUBSECTION REGULATION SYSTEM FOR COMBINE HARVESTER HEADER CUTTER

Aiming at the problems that the cutter frequency of combine harvester is difficult to be adjusted adaptively with the forward speed, and that the missed cut or repeated cut may cause the harvesting loss to increase and the operation effect to fluctuate greatly, the system is designed to regulate the cutter frequency of combine harvester by sections. By constructing the cutter trajectory equation, the influence of the relationship between the forward speed of the harvester and the cutting frequency on the cutting area is analyzed, and the optimum cutting frequency range at different operating speeds is determined. The results show that the error between the actual cutting frequency and the desired frequency of the cutter is less than 0.8Hz, and the maximum relative error is less than 8.6%; the average steady-state adjustment time of the system is 1.3s when the input cutting frequency of the device changes abruptly. The research class provides technical support for the improvement of the combine harvester handling system and the increase of the machine automation level.

UI/UX Mobile Games Transformation towards Translated Language

The purpose of this research study is to get data of user experience towards mobile game design and the transformation of its interface due to translated language. Most of popular mobile games came from China with their local language and writing system. Chinese alphabetic is appropriate for vertical or horizontal orientation, but English and Indonesian alphabetic are not appropriate with vertical orientation. Ragnarok M: Eternal Love with MMORPG’s genre is the game sample model, originally from China server and now this game is translated into several languages such as English and Bahasa Indonesia. Ragnarok M: Eternal Love’s game developer used a unique method with combined icon and text in order to solve layout’s problem that they encounter when converted in to several languages. We conduct the experiment within 2 period of time, based on 25 participants (gamer), all participants tried user interface from a game model sample. The result confirmed that the display of the UI (user interface) used by the developer team of Ragnarok M: Eternal Love, had demonstrated a good solution in developing a user interface for mobile game, when confronted by fixed layout and forced to adapt to various different language, but it still need some adjustment time to fully understand the function of every button.

Study on the Control of Torque Distribution of 4WD Corn Harvester Operation Drive

In response to the poor adaptability of existing harvesters to complex operating conditions in the field, this study took a three-row four-wheel-drive (4WD) corn harvester as the research object, designed a traveling transmission system layout, proposed a control strategy of driving torque distribution, simulated, and analyzed each of the four states of harvester drive wheels slippage. The results showed that under the driving wheels slipping condition, after applying torque control, the adjustment time was 43.3% shorter than that without control in the case of single wheel slipping, 11.1% shorter than that without control in the case of two wheels slipping on the same axle, 41.4% shorter than that without control in the case of two wheels slipping on different axles, and 36.6% shorter than that without control in the case of three driving wheels slipping. The application of drive torque distribution control could significantly improve the traction and passing ability of the corn harvesters during operation, as well as made the harvester travel more smoothly, thus improving the harvest quality. The drive torque distribution control can be applied not only to the three-row corn harvester, but also to other types of harvesters, and self-propelled agricultural machinery to enhance their adaptability, improving their operation quality. It has a significant reference value for the development of the driving system on walking agricultural machinery.

Precision Control of Spraying Quantity Based on Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control Method

Current methods to control the spraying quantity present several disadvantages, such as poor precision, a long adjustment time, and serious environmental pollution. In this paper, the flow control valve and the linear active disturbance controller (LADRC) were used to control the spraying quantity. Due to the disturbance characteristics in the spraying pipeline during the actual operation, the total disturbance was observed by a linear extended state observer (LESO). A 12 m commercial boom sprayer was used to carry out practical field operation tests after relevant intelligent transformation. The experimental results showed that the LADRC controller adopted in this paper can significantly suppress the disturbance in practical operation under three different operating speeds. Compared with the traditional proportional–integral–differential controller (PID) and an improved PID controller, the response speed of the proposed controller improved by approximately 3~5 s, and the steady-state error accuracy improved by approximately 2~9%.

A Double-Blind Crossover RCT Analyzing Technical and Clinical Performance of Monolithic ZrO2 Implant Fixed Dental Prostheses (iFDP) in Three Different Digital Workflows

This double-blind randomized controlled trial with a crossover design analyzed the technical and clinical performance of three-unit monolithic ZrO2 implant-fixed dental prostheses (iFDPs), prepared using two complete digital workflows (Test-1, Test-2) and one mixed analog–digital workflow (Control). Each of the 20 study patients received three iFDPs, resulting in 60 restorations for analysis. The quality of the restorations was assessed by analyzing laboratory cross-mounting and calculating the chairside adjustment time required during fitting. All iFDPs could be produced successfully with all three workflows. The highest cross-mounting success rate was observed for the original pairing iFDP/model of the Control group. Overall, 60% of iFDPs prepared with Test-1 workflow did not require chairside adjustment compared with 50% for Test-2 and 30% for Controls. The mean total chairside adjustment time, as the sum of interproximal, pontic, and occlusal corrections was 2.59 ± 2.51 min (Control), 2.88 ± 2.86 min (Test-1), and 3.87 ± 3.02 min (Test-2). All tested workflows were feasible for treatment with iFDPs in posterior sites on a soft tissue level type implant system. For clinical routine, it has to be considered that chairside adjustments may be necessary, at least in every second patient, independent on the workflow used.

Increasing the productivity of automated technological complexes by using multipiece devices

This article deals with the issue of increasing the productivity of automated technological complexes of mechanical processing by reducing off-cycle time losses. The time for adjustment of tools, jigs and fixtures is considered the most significant type of losses for flexible machining cells. The most effective solution for reducing the adjustment time to increase the productivity of technological complexes of mechanical processing is the use of multipiece devices. Multipiece devices refer to machine retaining devices that allow installing workpieces of different standard sizes without readjustment or with minimal readjustment. The effectiveness of such devices depends on the number of installed parts of different standard sizes, and the greater this number is, the higher the effectiveness of the device is. The article proposes to divide the total time of adjustment of a multipiece device into components that take into account the time for installation and adjustment of the device and the time for changing the adjustment of the device when switching to the production of the next batch of parts. The division of the total adjustment time allows taking into account the loss of adjustment time for each part in the conditions of using a multipiece device. The time for changing the adjustment before making a new batch of parts is divided into the entire batch or several batches, if several batches of parts are made during the same adjustment. The time of installation and adjustment of the device is divided into all the batches processed on this device. With a strict schedule for the operation of an automated technological complex within a certain period of time, such a calculation shows an accurate result. However, for technological complexes with a flexible schedule, analytical calculation becomes impossible. Therefore, the task is to obtain the value of the adjustment time of the device, which falls on one processed part by conducting simulation modeling on an automated technological complex. A simulation experiment is conducted to determine the performance of the complex, depending on the device used.

440 A Multi-Center Preference study of a Novel Oral Appliance Design and Material

Introduction AASM guidelines for OAT advise sleep medicine physicians to consider patient preference when determining the treatment modality for mild and moderate OSA. This investigation evaluates patient preference for a novel OAT device in comparison with CPAP and other legacy OAT devices. Methods A novel OA (ProSomnus EVOTM, Pleasanton, CA) was manufactured from digital records of U/L impressions and bite registrations. 31 Patients (all with one or more legacy OAs and 20 previous CPAP users) across 7 dentists were surveyed regarding preferences of this novel OA using a 0–10 scale. Samples were analyzed for stainability by mustard at 37C for 10 days against representative predicates using colorimetry. Results Patient Survey 100% Preferred the novel OA over CPAP, would wear it and easier to clean and preferred over their previous appliance This novel OA was comfortable and smaller 9.3 Easier to close my lips together 8.8 Confident in device durability/will not break 9.1 No crowns were removed/damaged Dentists Survey 81% no adjustment interventions for fit at delivery, average adjustment time was 3.1 min. 100% Would prescribe this novel OA again and recommend to colleagues This novel OA was easier to deliver than other devices 9.1 Retention was just right at delivery 8.9 Would use this novel OA on wider range of patients 9.8 This monolithic novel OA would be easy to keep clean 9.8 Stain Testing in □E from Colorimetry Milled PMMA 3.06 Milled novel OA 3.20 CPAP Mask plastic 7.54 Milled PMMA w/soft Liner/Fulcrum Strap 8.27 CPAP Mask silicone 11.60 PMMA +Liner Anterior Hook 19.05 PMMA with Liner Herbst 32.05 Nylon/Airway 90.70 Nylon/Strap 96.99 Conclusion Patients preferred this novel OA over CPAP and all other devices similarly designed for comfortable easy fit and delivery (soft liners and printed nylon) without compromising the comfort, cleanability or strength. Liner-less milled devices outperform all other devices with less staining. Color stability from mustard was significantly better for the milled PMMA and this Novel OA materials than all other combinations Support (if any) None

An Improved PID Controller for the Compliant Constant-Force Actuator Based on BP Neural Network and Smith Predictor

A compliant constant-force actuator based on the cylinder is an important tool for the contact operation of robots. Due to the nonlinearity and time delay of the pneumatic system, the traditional proportional–integral–derivative (PID) method for constant force control does not work so well. In this paper, an improved PID control method combining a backpropagation (BP) neural network and the Smith predictor is proposed. Through MATLAB simulation and experimental validation, the results show that the proposed method can shorten the maximum overshoot and the adjustment time compared with traditional the PID method.

The Greenland Clipper: a fast ocean connection between Greenland and the Southern Ocean

<p>The glacial Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events are thought to result in a global reorganization of oceanic heat fluxes and heat content.</p><p>DO events originate in the North Atlantic, but are communicated all the way to the pole of the other hemisphere. This interhemispheric coupling is known as the bipolar seesaw. A striking feature of the bipolar seesaw is the ~100 year time lag between the initial onset at high northern latitudes and the following adjustments at high southern latitudes.</p><p>Here, we focus on this time lag.</p><p>Ultimately high southern latitudes are expected to begin their adjustment, when the sea ice margin in the Southern Ocean (SO) shift position due to cooling/warming in the ocean below. But how is the northern signal propagated into the SO, and what processes control the time it takes the SO to change its state?</p><p>We expect the SO adjustment to have four components: Planetary waves, geostrophic adjustments in the Atlantic, vertical mixing and finally heat fluxes from baroclinic eddies in the SO.</p><p>To investigate the relative importance of these components on the adjustment time in the SO, we apply a fresh water perturbation at high northern latitude in an idealized setup of the Atlantic basin and the Southern Ocean using the newly developed OGCM VEROS. We measure the time it takes the model's Southern Ocean to adjust to the perturbation as a function of different model parameters associated with the components mentioned above.</p><p>We find that the adjustment time - which we believe is related to the bipolar seesaw time lag - is dominated by two components. The first is associated with geostrophic adjustment in the South Atlantic, and the second with the eddy heat fluxes in the Southern Ocean. Interestingly we find that in the limit of a high (realistic) eddy transfer (Gent-McWilliams) coefficient, the geostrophic component constitutes the main part of the the adjustment time and quantitatively matches the observed time lag in the bipolar seesaw.</p><p>This make us suggest that the bipolar seesaw time lag could be caused mainly by adjustments in the South Atlantic.</p>

Effect of decreasing sediment supply and sea level rise on the long-term morphodynamics of a large estuary

<p>Globally the riverine sediment supply to estuaries is decreasing and the mean sea level is rising, while the effects of these changes on the long-term estuarine morphodynamics have not been fully investigated. An idealized numerical model was used to explore the long-term morphodynamics of a large estuary subject to these changes. In the model, a funnel-shaped channel with fixed banks, constant riverine water and sediment fluxes, a single grain size and a semi-diurnal tide were used. A range of values of changes in the sediment supply (50-90% reduction) and sea level (1-5~mm/yr increase) were considered. Starting from an equilibrium state for an initial sediment supply, the estuary shifts to a new equilibrium for the considered changes on a timescale of millennia. Half of the bed level change occurs within several hundreds of years. A larger decrease in the sediment supply leads to a stronger bed erosion, while the corresponding adjustment time has minor changes in its range for the considered settings. When combined with sea level rise, the erosion is weakened and the adjustment time is shortened. The equilibrium state under sea level rise is characterized by a bed level keeping pace with the sea level and a significant amount of sediment being trapped in the estuary. Additional numerical experiments that use more realistic geometry and forcing of the Yangtze Estuary show that overall erosion of the estuary is expected for centuries.</p>