scholarly journals Discussion at the Central House of Scientists, RAS of the Development Problems of National Statistics and Their Solutions (Review of Scientific Papers and Reports on the Statistics Section in 2018-2019)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
B. T. Ryabushkin ◽  
V. N. Korobov
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Population Census ◽  
International Banking ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Economic Assets ◽  
Labor Underutilization

This scientific and information review provides insight into the contents and nature of some questions and matters of national statistics as noted in the reports of statisticians - academics and practitioners at the meeting of Statistics Section of the Central House of Scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CDU RAS) in 2018-2019. The Section covered a wide range of topics which could be grouped (although this grouping is somewhat relative) into three focus areas in modern Russian statistics discussed in the 2018-2019 season at the Central House of Scientists: I. Theoretical and practical aspects associated with conducting statistical observations, II. Development issues of macroeconomic statistics and III. Application of international statistical standards to Russian conditions.In these respective areas, debates focused on the results of the 2016 Russian Census of agriculture, optimization of the organizational structure of the 2020 Russian Population Census based on the results of the 2018 Pilot Population Census, fundamental principles of consumer price monitoring and calculating the consumer price index in today’s Russian statistics. Topics of methodological support of statistics on non-financial economic assets, improving the quality of GDP estimates based on the development of annual supply and use tables, the subject matter of innovation statistics triggered heated discussions amongst the practitioners and theoreticians who participated actively in the meetings. Finally, the Section reviewed matters of adopting international statistical standards to suit Russian conditions, in particular, the practical implementation of the Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment, and labor underutilization and Russian issues of international banking statistics.

scholarly journals Formalization of employee motivation model and assessment of its effectiveness

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Nadiia Khorunzhak
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Motivation Model

The subject matter of the research paper refers to theoretical and methodological principles of the practical performance of incentive function of payment for work. It is stressed that due to increasing competition and a shortage of highly skilled workers in a market economy, motivational tools constitute the basis for attracting skilled workforce to entities. Theoretical underpinning and practical proposals for developing an effective employee motivation model are urgent and important for personnel administration. The purpose of the article is to formalize an employee motivation model, which meets managerial and personalized needs, to describe its elements and assess effectiveness. The main objectives of the research paper refer to developing methods for constructing a formalized employee motivation model, and describing its constituent elements. The research and its results are based on the use of general scientific and special methods. The systemic approach enables to develop a concept for assessing the effectiveness of incentive function of remuneration, based on generalization, empirical estimates, analysis, evaluation, and formalization of factors that enhance employee motivation and can be obtained through questionnaires. As a result of using a wide range of material and research methods, a basic framework and a possible motivation model are developed and approaches to its assessment are proposed. Applying the classic approach to positioning effectiveness and its essential characteristics was the starting point. It is concluded that payment (salary / wages) is the key indicator for an employee motivation model and employee income model. Based on the views of various scholars and data obtained from questionnaires (including those available on the Internet), the main motivational factors are determined and an improved employee motivation model is proposed. According to the determined factors, a formalized mathematical model of motivation is developed, which makes it possible to take into account a degree of impact of each indicator on the resulting indicator (general motivation). Supplementing the proposed model with income indicators (by corresponding constituents), allowances and bonuses authorized by the existing legislation makes it possible to develop a generalized and formalized mathematical model for assessing employee motivation. The model can be used for carrying out comparative and predictive analysis, and choosing an algorithm for practical implementation of measures aimed at increasing employee motivation at an enterprise. The developed model also enables to take into account statistical, financial-economic and forecasting indicators for the identification of motivational purposes. For practical implementation of the developed model in a computerized environment, a structural scheme of its functioning is proposed; indicators and algorithms for calculation as well as necessary program modules are described.

Measurements method of the audio recordings acoustic quality indicator prepared for registration and processing in the Unified Biometric System

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Savchenko ◽  
A.V. Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Pitch Frequency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Automated Quality Control

We consider the task of automated quality control of sound recordings containing voice samples of individuals. It is shown that in this task the most acute is the small sample size. In order to overcome this problem, we propose the novel method of acoustic measurements based on relative stability of the pitch frequency within a voice sample of short duration. An example of its practical implementation using aninter-periodic accumulation of a speech signal is considered. An experimental study with specially developed software provides statistical estimates of the effectiveness of the proposed method in noisy environments. It is shown that this method rejects the audio recording as unsuitable for a voice biometric identification with a probability of 0,95 or more for a signal to noise ratio below 15 dB. The obtained results are intended for use in the development of new and modifying existing systems of collecting and automated quality control of biometric personal data. The article is intended for a wide range of specialists in the field of acoustic measurements and digital processing of speech signals, as well as for practitioners who organize the work of authorized organizations in preparing for registration samples of biometric personal data.

Industrial Labour Force of Russia in 20-30s of XX Century in Russian Historiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-449
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Shekatunov ◽  
Konstantin G. Malykhin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Russian Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Force Potential ◽  
Modern Russian

The article is devoted to the specifics of studying the industrial labour force of Russia in the 1920s - 1930s in Russian historiography. The various stages of study from the 1920s through the 1930s and up to the last years are concerned. The relevance of the study is due to several factors. These include contradictions in the assessments of Bolshevik modernization of the 1920s and 1930s; projected labour force shortages in modern Russia; as well as the existing labour force shortage in industry at the moment. This determines the relevance of studying the historical period, which was characterized by the most acute personnel problems in the country. The novelty of the study is due to the fact that in modern Russian historiography there is no holistic, integrated view of the problems of the labour force potential formation of Russian industry in the 1920s and 1930s. It is noted that there is no research aimed at analyzing the historiography of these problems. The main stages of the study of industrial labour force are highlighted. The analysis of scientific works correlated with each stage of the study of the topic is performed. The problems and methodology of each stage are considered. A review of a wide range of scientific papers both articles and thesis is presented.

OBOLESCENCE AND THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
A.V. GOLUBEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Sociological Studies

The diffusion of innovations is described as a process in a number of scientific papers. At the same time, the causes of this process have not been sufficiently studied. The author’s goal is to consider the main regularities, under which the life cycle of innovations begins, and propose measures to enhance diffusion in modern conditions. As a scientific hypothesis, the author accepts the postulate about the primary role of the obolescence of attracted innovations in this process. The analysis revealed not only the economic proportions that initiate the start of innovation promotion, but also the influence on the diffusion rate of the obsolescence degree of innovations and the market share occupied by the new product. Methodological approaches have been developed to determine economic efficiency depending on the moment of technological change-over, as well as to determine the absolute and relative speed of innovation diffusion. Sociological studies were conducted to determine the state of innovation development and the time lag between obtaining information about an innovation and its practical implementation. The author presents his “Agroopyt” information system developed to disseminate knowledge in the agricultural sphere and ensure technology transfer in agriculture. Digital methods provide for significant accelerateion of the diffusion of innovations and expand its scope.

How Scientists Communicate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conference Presentations ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Broad Overview

What is scientific research? It is the process by which we learn about the world. For this research to have an impact, and positively contribute to society, it needs to be communicated to those who need to understand its outcomes and significance for them. Any piece of research is not complete until it has been recorded and passed on to those who need to know about it. So, good communication skills are a key attribute for researchers, and scientists today need to be able to communicate through a wide range of media, from formal scientific papers to presentations and social media, and to a range of audiences, from expert peers to stakeholders to the general public. In this book, the goals and nature of scientific communication are explored, from the history of scientific publication; through the stages of how papers are written, evaluated, and published; to what happens after publication, using examples from landmark historical papers. In addition, ethical issues relating to publication, and the damage caused by cases of fabrication and falsification, are explored. Other forms of scientific communication such as conference presentations are also considered, with a particular focus on presenting and writing for nonspecialist audiences, the media, and other stakeholders. Overall, this book provides a broad overview of the whole range of scientific communication and should be of interest to researchers and also those more broadly interested in the process how what scientists do every day translates into outcomes that contribute to society.

scholarly journals An Overview of Flood Risk Analysis Methods

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Daniel Constantin Diaconu ◽  
Romulus Costache ◽  
Mihnea Cristian Popa
Keyword(s):  
Core Collection ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Forecasting Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Flood Analysis ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Scientific papers present a wide range of methods of flood analysis and forecasting. Floods are a phenomenon with significant socio-economic implications, for which many researchers try to identify the most appropriate methodologies to analyze their temporal and spatial development. This research aims to create an overview of flood analysis and forecasting methods. The study is based on the need to select and group papers into well-defined methodological categories. The article provides an overview of recent developments in the analysis of flood methodologies and shows current research directions based on this overview. The study was performed taking into account the information included in the Web of Science Core Collection, which brought together 1326 articles. The research concludes with a discussion on the relevance, ease of application, and usefulness of the methodologies.

A Unified Measure to Assess Universally Industrial Products for Ecological Balancing

2015 ◽  
Vol 789-790 ◽  
pp. 1306-1310
Author(s):  
M.R. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Industrial Product ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Related Approach ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Safety Estimation ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Economic Assets

Recent literature shows that most safety-related standards are not yet finalized as long as they seem far from assessing a sought level of safety. In addition, the shortened and hasty assessment of the industrial safety depends solely on what directly endangers mankind security and its economic assets. Moreover, well-known quality standards have not yet established a well-defined code to formulate the safety and liability area of the product quality. Owing to the safety-related weak points mentioned above, the present paper puts forth a unified and applicable mathematical model. Moreover, this paper confirms that humanity's engineering willingness of a prospective industrial product (vehicle) along with its manufacturing plants has not to overlook crucial safety instructions for a multi-entity Environmental Closed System (ECS). The suggested environment-related approach is here checked using three commonly applied methods, namely, SPC, FMEA, and Markov Chains of industrial safety estimation for products /plants. Main findings of the present paper conclude that industrial (product/ plant) safety, in its broadened sense, does embrace the gain/loss statistical data of a product's introductory versions and represents a trade–off function of its profits (resource renovation) and its losses (resources drain). In addition, the comprehensive resource-loss trend helps product designers and concerned researchers meet a wide range of customer requirements and more operational regulations.

scholarly journals Development of a condition monitoring system for the refractory lining of induction crucible steelmaking furnaces

Vestnik IGEU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Dolgikh ◽  
M.G. Markov
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Refractory Lining ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Microprocessor System ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Emergency Shutdown ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of technological advantages of induction crucible melting furnaces makes their use in various sectors of metallurgical production relevant. However, hard operation conditions of the refractory lining of such furnaces makes it necessary to constantly monitor its condition, with the aim to extend the crucible life and prevent emergencies. Moreover, traditional methods based on the use of a bottom electrode and indication of current leakage to earth do not provide a continuous display of the lining destruction degree and make it possible to register only a critical level that requires an emergency shutdown and emptying of the furnace. This circumstance makes it necessary to develop and implement specialized electrical systems with a monitoring and control system that ensures the determination and visualization of the lining wear level and, if necessary, makes an emergency shutdown of the equipment from the power source. The developed complex is based on a microprocessor system that continuously measures the temperature at the control points at the boundary between the bottom and crucible base layers and compares the obtained values with the settings, which are determined previously on a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of the designed furnace by solving the stationary heat conduction equation at various levels of lining failure. We have developed the structure, scheme, and program for a microprocessor-based monitoring and emergency shutdown system of an induction furnace, as well as a mathematical model of the control object, which allows determining the temperature settings. The reliability of the results is confirmed by the applicability of the models to real objects, and is verified by debugging the microprocessor part in the MPLab-Sim and Proteus programs. The obtained results can be used in the practical implementation of the monitoring system and emergency shutdown of induction melting furnaces, which allows increasing the safety of their operation and extending the lining life due to timely repair.

scholarly journals Cost Effective Method for Toxicity Screening of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Containing Inorganic Salts and Harmful Organic Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Strade ◽  
Daina Kalnina
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wastewater Biological Treatment

Abstract Pharmaceutical wastewater biological treatment plants are stressed with multi-component wastewater and unexpected variations in wastewater flow, composition and toxicity. To avoid operational problems and reduced wastewater treatment efficiency, accurate monitoring of influent toxicity on activated sludge microorganisms is essential. This paper outlines how to predict highly toxic streams, which should be avoided, using measurements of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), if they are made in a wide range of initial concentration. The results indicated that wastewater containing multivalent Al3+ cations showed a strong toxic effect on activated sludge biocenosis irrespectively of dilutions, while toxicity of phenol and formaldehyde containing wastewater decreased considerably with increasing dilution. Activated sludge microorganisms were not sensitive to wastewater containing halogenated sodium salts (NaCl, NaF) and showed high treatment capacity of saline wastewater. Our findings confirm that combined indicators of contamination, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), alone do not allow evaluating potential toxic influence of wastewater. Obtained results allow identifying key inhibitory substances in pharmaceutical wastewater and evaluating potential impact of new wastewater streams or increased loading on biological treatment system. Proposed method is sensitive and cost effective and has potential for practical implementation in multiproduct pharmaceutical wastewater biological treatment plants.

scholarly journals Facilitating spatially-explicit assessments of ecosystem service delivery to support land use planning

One Ecosystem ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Vrebos ◽  
Jan Staes ◽  
Steven Broekx ◽  
Leo de Nocker ◽  
Karen Gabriels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Time Investment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Since the early 2000s, there have been substantial efforts to transform the concept of ecosystem services into practice. Spatial assessment tools are being developed to evaluate the impact of spatial planning on a wide range of ecosystem services. However, the actual implementation in decision-making remains limited. To improve implementation, tools that are tailored to local conditions can provide accurate, meaningful information. Instead of a generic and widely-applicable tool, we developed a regional, spatially-explicit tool (ECOPLAN-SE) to analyse the impact of changes in land use on the delivery of 18 ecosystem services in Flanders (Belgium). The tool incorporates ecosystem services relevant to policy-makers and managers and makes use of detailed local data and knowledge. By providing an easy-to-use tool, including the required spatial geodatasets, time investment and the learning curve remain limited for the user. With this tool, constraints to implement ecosystem service assessments in local decision-making are drastically reduced. We believe that region-specific decision support systems, like ECOPLAN-SE, are indispensable intermediates between the conceptual ecosystem service frameworks and the practical implementation in planning processes.

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