Osteoporose und Frakturrisiko beim älteren Sportler: Aktuelle Guidelines

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Off Label Use ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Pharmacological Prevention ◽  
Age Related

A Fragility Fracture is nowadays looked upon to be the most important clinical symptom of osteoporosis. The sportive elderly have a limited risk to suffer from this event. Mechanical loading of the skeleton which is associated with most sporty activities prevents age related bone loss. Furthermore, if a fracture happens as a result from sporty activity, the criterion of a fragility fracture is usually not met. Elderly sportsmen who want to be reassured or who are going to restart activity after a break can be offered a fracture risk calculation by means of FRAX. Correct interpretation of the risk scores needs knowledge of the boundary conditions the algorithm is based on. In contrast a DEXA scan is rarely indicated in this situation. Vitamin D Supplementation can generally be adviced for every elderly person in our region, especially for the sportive ones. Sufficient intake of calcium and protein shall be achieved by a healthy diet. Despite of the risk of falling that is usually associated with any sportive activity it may be summarized, that there is less fractures in active people. As long as human beings stay mobile and active, pharmacological prevention or treatment of osteoporosis is rarely indicated. An exeption from this is osteoanabolic treatment of insufficiency and stress fractures. This shall be mentioned here even though it is an “off-label” use of the drugs.

scholarly journals Polygenic Risk Score of Longevity Predicts Longer Survival Across an Age Continuum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niccolo’ Tesi ◽  
Sven J van der Lee ◽  
Marc Hulsman ◽  
Iris E Jansen ◽  
Najada Stringa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Studying the genome of centenarians may give insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying extreme human longevity and the escape of age-related diseases. Here, we set out to construct polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for longevity and to investigate the functions of longevity-associated variants. Using a cohort of centenarians with maintained cognitive health (N = 343), a population-matched cohort of older adults from 5 cohorts (N = 2905), and summary statistics data from genome-wide association studies on parental longevity, we constructed a PRS including 330 variants that significantly discriminated between centenarians and older adults. This PRS was also associated with longer survival in an independent sample of younger individuals (p = .02), leading up to a 4-year difference in survival based on common genetic factors only. We show that this PRS was, in part, able to compensate for the deleterious effect of the APOE-ε4 allele. Using an integrative framework, we annotated the 330 variants included in this PRS by the genes they associate with. We find that they are enriched with genes associated with cellular differentiation, developmental processes, and cellular response to stress. Together, our results indicate that an extended human life span is, in part, the result of a constellation of variants each exerting small advantageous effects on aging-related biological mechanisms that maintain overall health and decrease the risk of age-related diseases.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in age-related neurodegenerative diseases: is there a role for vitamin D3 as a possible therapeutic strategy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena de Barros Viana ◽  
Bárbara dos Anjos Rosário ◽  
Maria de Fátima Santana de Nazaré ◽  
Débora Estadella ◽  
Daniel Araki Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Alzheimer’S Diseases ◽  
Alzheimer's Diseases

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19), identified in Wuhan, China, on December 2019, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, on March, 2020. Since then, efforts have been gathered to describe its clinical course and to determine preventive measures and treatment strategies. Adults older than 65 years of age are more susceptible to serious clinical symptoms and present higher mortality rates. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a major receptor for some coronavirus infection, including SARS-COV-2, but is also a crucial determinant in anti-inflammation processes during the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) functioning – converting angiotensin II to angiotensin 1–7. The decline in ACE2 expression that occurs with aging has been associated to the higher morbidity and mortality rates in older adults. These observations highlight the importance of investigating the association between COVID-19 and age-related neurodegenerative disorders, i.e., Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. A possible option to reduce the risk of COVID-19 is vitamin D supplementation, due to its anti-inflammatory and immune-system-modulating effects. It has also been suggested that vitamin D supplementation plays a role in slowing progression of Parkinson and Alzheimer. The present study is a literature review of articles published on the theme COVID-19, Parkinson and Alzheimer’s diseases, and the role played by vitamin D. PUBMED, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were consulted. Results confirm neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory effects of COVID-19, aggravated in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s patients, and the important role of vitamin D as a possible therapeutic strategy. Nevertheless, randomized controlled trials and large population studies are still warranted.

scholarly journals Vitamin D supplementation and risk of falling: outcomes from the randomized, placebo‐controlled D‐Health Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Waterhouse ◽  
Emma Sanguineti ◽  
Catherine Baxter ◽  
Briony Duarte Romero ◽  
Donald S.A. McLeod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Risk Of Falling

scholarly journals Association of vitamin D and osteocalcin levels in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Yogiraj Vaijanathrao Chidre ◽  
Amir Babansab Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Osteoporosis is a common age related problem especially in women, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Apart from Calcium, another nutrient that plays an important role in the mineralization of skeleton in Vitamin D. Osteocalcin, which is produced primarily by osteoblasts during bone formation, is considered to be one of the markers for osteoporosis.Methods: 314 women above the age of 40 were included into the study. A thorough physical and clinical examination, assessment of vital parameters, anthropometry evaluation was done for all patients. Bone mineral density was calculated using central DXA osteodensitometer at lumbar spine L1-L4, hip and ultradistal radius (in some cases.). Blood samples were taken for the detection of ionized calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25hydroxivitamin D (25 ODH) and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) by chemiluminiscent assay. Bone markers such as osteocalcin were measured as required.Results: Out of the 314 women attending our OPD, 96 of them were diagnosed as having osteoporosis. 24 out of them had fragility fractures, mainly of the hip, and 82 had ostepenia. Elevated levels of calcium (8.96 mg/dl), parathyroid hormone (58.76 pg/ml) and osteocalcin (24.46 ng/ml) were observed. Vitamin D deficiency of ≤ 20 was seen in 59 (63%) of the cases, insufficient in 23 (24%) and only 12 (13%) of these women had normal Vitamin D levels.Conclusions: Osteocalcin is a promising marker for the detection of osteoporosis. There is a considerable Vitamin D deficiency among the women with osteoporosis, and it is under-treated. It is essential to provide Vitamin D supplementation to these women especially those who are at high risk for fragility fractures.

scholarly journals Nutritional aspects of the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Santarosa Emo Peters ◽  
Lígia Araújo Martini
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Consequent Increase ◽  
Global Health Problem ◽  
Optimal Protection

Osteoporosis is a global health problem characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Nutrition plays a critical role in reducing the risk of osteoporosis through its effect on all of these fragility factors, especially on the development and maintenance of bone mass. An adequate calcium, vitamin D and protein intake resulted in reduced bone remodeling, better calcium retention, reduced age-related bone loss, and reduced fracture risk. Recent evidence indicates that a healthy dietary pattern including dairy products (mainly fat free), fruit and vegetables and adequate amounts of meat, fish and poultry is positively related to bone health. Furthermore, mineral and vitamin supplementation should be closely monitored by health professionals since it could have adverse effects and be insufficient to ensure optimal protection of bone health.

scholarly journals Dizziness and prevention of falls in the elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto P. Casani ◽  
Elena Navari
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Vestibular Disorders ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Treatable Condition

Disequilibrium is one of the most common complaints that older adults bring to their physician and falling is a frequent complication; because of the increasing number of elderly patients in western society the problem grows. The increasing susceptibility to falling can be consequence of age-related physiological changes and of a higher prevalence of comorbidities causing dizziness, vertigo and imbalance; these symptoms can worse the already poor balance of old adults increasing the risk of falling. Among the major reasons of vertigo and dizziness, central vertigo and orthostatic vertigo are very common; also vestibular disorders have a great role and are currently thought to account for 48% of dizziness reported by older adults. An early identification of the treatable condition underlying dizziness in elderly would surely ameliorate the outcome of these patients.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Age-Related Changes in the Rat Vestibular Epithelium

1994 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiho Nakayama ◽  
Robert H. Helfert ◽  
Horst R. Konrad ◽  
Donald M. Caspary
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Fischer 344 Rats ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Age Related Changes ◽  
Scanning Electron

An ultrastructural study was performed to assets age-related changes in the vestibular end organs of Fischer 344 rats. The surfaces of the maculae and cristae from 3-, 12-, and 24-month-old Fischer 344 rats were observed by use of scanning electron microscopy. Age-related changes in the morphology of the vestibular neuroepithelium included a substantial loss of hair cells, as well as a reduction in the number of kinocllia and stereocilla on those that remained. These changes were greatest in the central upper regions of the three ampullae. In aged animals a greater area of the neuroepithelial surface was covered with microvilli, and in some instances, giant cilia were found among the microvillous surfaces. In contrast, there were few differences among the three age groups in the number and condition of hair cells in the saccules and utricles. The changes observed in the cristae may contribute to the age-associated impairment of vestibular function. If similar changes occur in human beings, these could in part account for the presbycusis observed in the elderly.

scholarly journals Schizophrenia is characterized by age- and sex-specific effects on epigenetic aging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil P.S. Ori ◽  
Loes M. Olde Loohuis ◽  
Jerry Guintivano ◽  
Eilis Hannon ◽  
Emma Dempster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Disease Trajectory ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Epigenetic Aging ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental illness that is associated with an increased prevalence of age-related disability and morbidity compared to the general population. An accelerated aging process has therefore been hypothesized as a component of the SCZ disease trajectory. Here, we investigated differential aging using three DNA methylation (DNAm) clocks (i.e. Hannum, Horvath, Levine) in a multi-cohort SCZ whole blood sample consisting of 1,100 SCZ cases and 1,200 controls. It is known that all three DNAm clocks are highly predictive of chronological age and capture different features of biological aging. We found that blood-based DNAm aging is significantly altered in SCZ with age- and sexspecific effects that differ between clocks and map to distinct chronological age windows. Most notably, the predicted phenotypic age (Levine clock) in female cases, starting at age 36 and beyond, is 3.21 years older compared to matching control subjects (95% CI: 1.92-4.50, P=1.3e-06) explaining 7.7% of the variance in disease status. Female cases with high SCZ polygenic risk scores present the highest age acceleration in this age group with +7.03 years (95% CI: 3.87-10.18, P=1.7E-05). Since increased phenotypic age is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, our findings suggests that specific and identifiable patient groups are at increased mortality risk as measured by the Levine clock. These results provide new biological insights into the aging landscape of SCZ with age- and sexspecific effects and warrant further investigations into the potential of DNAm clocks as clinical biomarkers that may help with disease management in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Effects of Daily Vitamin D Supplementation on Objectively Measured Physical Activity: Results From the STURDY Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 760-760
Author(s):  
Jennifer Schrack ◽  
Jacek Urbanek ◽  
Amal Wanigatunga ◽  
Stephen Juraschek ◽  
Christine Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Daily Vitamin ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Cross-sectional evidence suggests older adults with higher serum vitamin D are more physically active, but whether long-term vitamin D supplementation attenuates age-related declines in physical activity (PA) is undefined. We examined the association between vitamin D supplementation and daily PA in 639 STURDY participants (aged 77 (5.4) years; 44% women) over up to 24-months. Participants were randomized to receive 200 (n=275), 1000 (n=168), 2000 (n=59), or 4000 (n=63) IU/day of vitamin D3. PA was measured using the Actigraph Link wrist-worn accelerometer 24 hours/day for 7-days at baseline, 3, 12, and 24 months. In linear mixed models adjusted for baseline PA level, total daily PA appeared to decline (β=-43.3 counts, p=0.06) annually for all groups and there was no difference by vitamin D3 dose (p for group*time =0.14). These results suggest daily vitamin D supplementation has no effect on quantities of daily PA.

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