scholarly journals Estimation of the period of permanence of Cordia americana seedlings in protected environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Jonathan William Trautenmüller ◽  
Juliane Borella ◽  
Sergio Costa Junior ◽  
Rafaelo Balbinot ◽  
Renata Reis de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Base Diameter ◽  
Daily Increment ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Optimal Period

The use of new tools as the technical criterion of interception of the curves of average daily increment and current daily are useful for indicating the optimal period of permanence of the plants in the protected environment. The objective of this study was to determine the length of stay of the Cordia americana (Linnaeus) Gottshling & JE Mill seedlings in protected environment based on the morphological parameters height, base diameter and total dry mass of the seedlings and in the intercept between daily increment curves and increment daily average.  The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with subdivided plots with a 2 x 2 factorial scheme. The criteria were defined based on the growth curves and intercept between curves of daily increment and average daily increment. The volume of substrate that could be explored by the root system and the density of seedlings per tray influenced the growth, in general larger seedlings were obtained in larger tubes. The period of stay of the seedlings in the nursery varies from 150 to 250 days depending on the treatment used using the dry mass as a quality parameter. The technical criterion used to intercept the curves of daily increment and average daily increment is useful in decision making, with a view to the evaluation of the quality standard of the seedlings.

scholarly journals Effect of plant regulators on growth and flowering of 'Meyer' zoysiagrass

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Marchi ◽  
D. Martins ◽  
N.V. Costa ◽  
J.R.V. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

This trial aimed to evaluate the effect of sequential applications of different plant regulators over growth and flower rachis emission of 'Meyer' zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica). The study was conducted on 15-month old green turfgrass under a randomized complete block design with four replications. The following plant regulator and doses were tested: trinexapac-ethyl (113+113, 226+113, 226+226, 452+113, 452+226, 452+452, 678+339 e 904+452 g a.i./ha-1), prohexadione-calcium (100+100 e 200+200 g a.i. ha-1) and bispyribac-sodium (40+40 e 60+60 g a.i. ha-1), as well as an untreated control. The turfgrass was mowed again at 3.0 cm aboveground and the second plant regulator was applied when 'Meyer' zoysiagrass was between 5.0 and 6.0 cm high. The effect of the treatments was visually rated for visual injury, plant height, height and number of flower rachis, and total dry mass production of clippings. Only bispyribac-sodium had visual symptoms of injury on 'Meyer' zoysiagrass, and no intoxication was observed at 28 days after the second application (DAAB). The sequential applications of trinexapac-ethyl, prohexadione-calcium and bispyribac-sodium reduced by more than 80% the total clipping dry mass produced by 'Meyer' zoysiagrass. All the plant regulators tested also showed promising results in reducing the height and emission of rachis, especially when trinexapac-ethyl was applied at the doses 452+452, 678+339 and 904+452 g a.i. ha-1. 'Meyer' zoysiagrass turfgrass can be handled with the sequential application of a plant regulator, which reduces the need for mowing over a period up to 110 days after the application of the second plant regulator, and it also avoids deleterious visual effects over turfgrass.

scholarly journals EXCESSO DE FERRO SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS CÍTRICOS

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Kassio Ewerton Santos Sombra ◽  
Andreza Cristina Chagas de Oliveira ◽  
Ronyce Do Nascimento Ferreira ◽  
Alexandre Caique Costa e Silva ◽  
Cleilson Do Nascimento Uchôa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

O trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do excesso de ferro sobre a emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de genótipos de porta-enxertos cítricos. Adotou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), em fatorial 5x2, com cinco porta-enxertos e dois substratos, repetidos quatro vezes, com parcela útil de 15 recipientes. Os genótipos consistiram do limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’; citrandarins ‘Riverside’, ‘San Diego’ e ‘Índio’, além de, tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’, cultivados com ou sem óxido de ferro no substrato. Analisaram-se as porcentagens de emergência (PE) e calculou-se o índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE). Realizaram-se biometrias aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após a semeadura (DAS), mensurando-se a altura (H) e diâmetro de caule (D) das plântulas, determinando-se massa fresca (MV) e seca (MS). O excesso de ferro induziu subdesenvolvimento, e até mortalidade de plântulas já emergidas, o que refletiu diretamente nos resultados, porém, todos os genótipos apresentaram emergência superior a 75%, destacando-se o citrandarin ‘San Diego’, com maior altura e caule mais espesso, e o citrandarin ‘Riverside’ com maior sensibilidade ao estresse, registrando os menores valores. O citrandarin ’San Diego’ demonstrou tolerância o estresse e desenvolveu-se satisfatoriamente, necessitando estudos que avaliem a manutenção das características inferidas em combinação com a cultivar copa.Palavras-chave: ambiente protegido, citricultura, enxertia, estresse, mudas. EXCESS OF IRON ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was evaluated the effects of iron excess on the emergence and initial development of citrus rootstock genotypes. A randomized complete block design (DBC), factorial 5x2, with five rootstocks and two substrates, repeated four times, with useful plot of 15 containers was adopted. Genotypes consisted of the 'Santa Cruz' Rangpur lemon; 'Riverside', 'San Diego' and 'Indio' citrandarins, as well as 'Sunki Tropical' tangerine, grown with or without iron excess in substrate. The percentages of emergency (PE) were analyzed and the rate of emergency (IVE) was calculated. Biometry was performed at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS), by measuring the height (H) and stem diameter (D) of the seedlings, determining fresh (MV) and dry mass (DM). The excess of iron induced underdevelopment, and even mortality of already emerged seedlings, which reflected directly in the results, however, all genotypes presented an emergency higher to 75%, standing out ’San Diego’ citrandarin, with greater height and more stem thick, and the ‘Riverside’ citrandarin with greater sensitivity to stress, registering the lowest values. 'San Diego’ citrandarin demonstrated stress tolerance and developed satisfactorily, requiring studies that evaluate maintenance of inferred characteristics in combination with cultivar canopy.Keywords: protected environment, citriculture, grafting, stress, seedlings.

scholarly journals Effects of plant density and proportion on the interaction between wheat with alexandergrass plants

Bragantia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bianco de Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽  
José Valcir Fidelis Martins
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Mixture Experiment ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Production Characteristics

Determination of competitive relationships among plant species requires appropriate experimental designs and method of analysis. The hypothesis of this research was that two species growing in coexistence show different growth and development due to their relative competitiveness. This research aims to measure the relative competitiveness of wheat crop compared to Alexandergrass by the interpretation of plant density and proportional effects using replacement series experiments. Monocultures were cultivated in densities of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 plants per pot and analyzed by regression of dry mass data. Mixture experiment was cultivated in wheat:Alexandergrass proportions of 0:6, 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, 5:1 and 6:0 plants per pot and analyzed by graphical interpretation of growth and production characteristics. Both experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Alexandergrass was more sensitive to intraspecific competition than wheat. Alexandergrass was lightly more competitive than wheat. Number and weight of spikes and number of tillers were the wheat characteristics more affected by Alexandergrass interference.

scholarly journals Growth of escarole in different seasons of year, RS, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Daniele Cristina Fontana ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
Denise Schmidt ◽  
Daniela Meira ◽  
Thais Pollon Zanatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Santa Maria

The lack of research about escarole cultivars adapted to each region, as well as technical information on plant growth have been some of the factors related to low yields. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the growth of escarole crop in four seasons of year in Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, 1 x 4, being a escarole (cultivar Escorola Lisa®) evaluated in four seasons of year (summer, autumn, winter and spring), in six replications. The evaluations were performed in a destructive manner every seven days, from date of transplant to harvest point. The following components were analyzed: number of leaves, number of residues, dry mass of leaves, dry mass of leaves, stem and residue. Thus, it was determined the parameters for growth analysis. With the data obtained, we performed a variance analysis, and presented significant results, and the means of each season of the year submitted to the Tukey test at 5% of error probability. The air temperature and global radiation influence crop cycle. Lower temperatures and lower incidence of radiation result in cycle extended, as observed in autumn. The escarole growth is influenced by seasons of year in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), and summer and spring finish the cycle in advance to others, presenting a larger leaf area. Summer and spring are most indicated season to escarole crop in RS, Brazil.

scholarly journals Soil management and application of agricultural gypsum in a Planosol for soybean cultivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enio Marchesan ◽  
Felipe Tonetto ◽  
Gustavo Mack Teló ◽  
Lucas Lopes Coelho ◽  
Bruno Behenck Aramburu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Gypsum Application

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of soil management systems, tillage, and application of gypsum agricultural to soil, on soybean development in lowland areas. The experiment was carried out on an Alfisol in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement. The two soil tillage practices were without deep tillage and with deep tillage. Gypsum treatments were no gypsum application, 500kg of gypsum ha-1, 1000kg of gypsum ha-1, and 1500kg of gypsum ha-1. Deep tillage resulted in less soil resistance to root penetration during ryegrass cultivation during the soybean offseason, 11 months after applying the management treatments, resulting in higher dry mass of ryegrass in the offseason and higher soybean yield in the following year.

scholarly journals Effect of preceding rabi crops on yield of succeeding Deshi and Tossa jute

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
MA Khan ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
M Jahiruddin ◽  
M Salim ◽  
MA Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fallow Land ◽  
Base Diameter ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Sharp Variation ◽  
Fibre Yield ◽  
Rabi Crops ◽  
Research Institute

An experiment was conducted at the Jute Research Regional Station, Kishoreganj of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, during 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 to find out the effects of preceding crops, viz. wheat, potato, lentil, and fallow on yield of succeeding jute crops. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results revealed that plant height and base diameter of CVL-1 and O-9897 were not affected significantly by the preceding rabi crops. The fibre and stick yields of both the jute varieties were affected significantly. The highest fibre yield of CVL-1 (3.90 t ha-1 and 3.77 t ha-1) and O-9897 (3.51 t ha-1 and 2.93 t ha-1) was recorded when those were grown after potato and the yield was the lowest when grown after wheat and fallow land in both the years. There was no sharp variation in harvest index, which showed inconsistent between the years.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(2): 15-19

scholarly journals Yield performance of the cocoa clones of Sca 6 and DRC 15 resistant to vascular-streak dieback

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Wahyu Susilo ◽  
Surip Mawardi ◽  
Sudarsianto Sudarsianto
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Stability Performance ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Selection on cocoa resistance to vascular-streak dieback (VSD) has identified some resistant clones for breeding purposes. Of the resistant clones, it was selected Sca 6 and DRC 15 which performing good potential for yield. This paper reports results on testing yield potential of the clones in separate trials. Sca 6 was tested in Kottablater Estate (dry climate in the altitude of ± 25 m asl.) and DRC 15 was tested in Mumbulsari Estate (dry climate in the altitude of ± 45 m asl.) both are in Jember. Trials were arranged in the randomized complete block design with 4 blocks. Evaluation for yield performance was conducted during 6 years of harvest and stability performance was analyzed in regression term using year of harvest as the index. The results indicate the yield potential of the clones was quite similar in the level of 1.4 kg/plant and performing stability during evaluation and good adaptability in the location. The yield potential was lower than the high yielding clones but use of Sca 6 and DRC 15 in heavily infasted VSD area should be considered than using of the susceptible clones. Sca 6 performed low potential on a dry-weight bean in the range of 0.65—0.86 g (class C of quality standard) but better performance could be found in the wet area. DRC 15 performed good potential on a dryweight bean of 1.16 g (class AA of quality standard). Fat content analysis of Sca 6 indicate a better performance of beans which grown up in the wet area (58.2%) than in the dry area (49.6%). It was reported the fat content potential of DRC 15 in the level of 50.4%. Key words: Yield performance, vascular-streak dieback, resistant clone, Theobroma cacao L.

scholarly journals YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS AND QUALITY OF GROUNDNUT (ARACHISHYPOGAEA L.) AS INFLUENCED BY INTER ROW SPACING AND WEEDING FREQUENCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 294-306
Author(s):  
Biftu Umer Mohammed ◽  
Besufikad Enideg Getnet
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
South West Ethiopia

Proper planting density and weeding playan important role on proper growth, productivity and quality of crops. The present study was undertaken to evaluate effect of inter row spacing and weeding frequency for their phenologycal parameter, yield and yield component and quality parameter at Gambella University College of Agriculture and natural resource, South West Ethiopia. Four level of inter row spacing and four level of weeding frequency were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replication. The interaction effect of inter row spacing and weeding frequency showed significant variation both phenologycal performance yield and yield component as well as quality parameter. Among the treatment tested a combination of 70x10cm spacing with three times weeding registered 49.867cm of plant height. Early flowering 31.883 days maturity 136.693 days and high LAI 4.546 were observed on treatment combination of 40x10cm and zero weeding. In terms of yield and yield component, higher number of pod per plant 45.003, dry pod yield 2909.47 kg/h and seed yield 2360.15kg/ha were observed on 60x10spacing with two times weeding treatment combination. On the other hand, highest harvest index 28.41% was observed from three times weeding frequency. However, number of seed per pod shows none significant effect. Furthermore, interims of quality parameter oil content 32.483% were observed on three times weeding frequency and highest protein content 20.816% and 19.2833% were observed from three times weeding frequency and 70x10cm spacing respectively. Generally according to the result of the study spacing of 60x10cm with twice weeding at 10 days interval can be recommended for groundnut production in Gambella. However, this is one time and one location experiment therefore it should have to be repeated in different location and season to get reliable result.

scholarly journals Chicken Manure and Phosphorus Influence on Biomass Production and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Ocimum kilimandscharicum

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Vânia Tomazelli de Lima ◽  
Maria do Carmo Vieira ◽  
Anelise Samara Nazari Formagio ◽  
Néstor Antonio Heredia Zárate ◽  
Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass

The effects of soil incorporation of five rates of semi-decomposed chicken manure (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1), with and without the addition of phosphorus (200 kg P2O5 ha-1) on biomass production and chemical composition of the essential oil from leaves of African blue basil were evaluated. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The first cut of plants was performed at 70 days after transplanting (DAT) and the second at 140 DAT. The addition of 20 t ha-1 of chicken manure to the soil induced increase in plants height, fresh and dry mass production and yield of essential oil. The use of chicken manure induced an increase in camphor content and decreased content of 1,8 cineole. After regrowth, biomass production of African blue basil was higher when compared to the first cut.

scholarly journals Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles and water-deficit stress on morpho-physiological characteristics of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Esmailpour ◽  
Ali GHERANPAYE
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Nano Titanium Dioxide

<p>Water-deficit stress is the most important environmental factors limiting plant growth, and production. Nano-titanium dioxide (nano anataseTiO<sub>2</sub>) can have various profound effects on the crop physiological, biochemical and morphological characteristics. In the present research, the influences of different concentrations ofTiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) (0, 10 and 40 ppm) and water-deficit stress on Dragonhead (<em>Dracocephalum moldavica</em> L.) were investigated in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that under normal irrigation, foliar application of 10 ppm TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs increased plant shoot dry mass and essential oils content. Under water-deficit stress condition, plants treated with 10 ppm TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs had more proline and much less H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and malondialdehyde content as compared to untreated plants. Therefore, it can be concluded that proper concentration of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs probably can be used as an exogenous stimuli for improvement of shoot growth and essential oil content in plants. Furthermore, water-deficit stress-induced damages such as oxidative stress and membrane damage can be ameliorated by foliar application of TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs at appropriate concentrations.</p>

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