scholarly journals Diagnosis of fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered at the slaughterhouse of the urban commune of Dédougou in Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
Modou Séré ◽  
Micheline Nomtondo Sawadogo ◽  
Sié Hermann Pooda ◽  
Benoît Kaboré ◽  
Adama Kaboré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
P Value ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Ruminant Meat

Fasciolosis is a major zoonosis of ruminants which causes great economic losses to breeders. Given the economic and public health importance of this pathology, it is necessary to establish the current situation in a perspective of animal and ruminant meat consumer health protection. Therefore, the present study was conducted at the slaughterhouse of Dédougou in order to identify the species of fluke that caused this pathology in the Boucle du Mouhoun region and to estimate the prevalence, the risk factors and the economic losses associated with this pathology. For this purpose, 820 cattle and 6360 small ruminants were diagnosed through post-mortem examination over a five-month period from March to August 2018. Out of the 6360 small ruminant livers examined, no cases of infestation were observed unlike cattle in which the prevalence of infestation was 2.07%. These infestations were all due to Fasciola gigantica. Regarding the risk factors, a slight effect of the month and a high influence of animals' origin were observed. March, with a prevalence of 0.25%, was the most favorable infestation month (P-value=0.05) and Sourou (19.51%), was the highest infestation risk area (P-value<0.0001). The estimated financial loss associated with the infestations was XOF 22,200.29 per infested animal. The situation is particularly worrying insofar as some populations, especially rural populations, consume meat from uncontrolled slaughter areas. Appropriate precautions should therefore be taken to ensure both consumer and animal health, given the zoonotic nature of the disease.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and economic loss of coenurosis in small Ruminants slaughtered at mojo halal export abattoir, Oromia reginal state, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Diba Sagni ◽  
Garoma Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Coenurosis is an important parasitic disease affecting small ruminant’s production which causes significant economic losses. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November, 2019 to May, 2020. To estimating the prevalence of coenurosis in small ruminants and determines the risk factors, to assess the community knowledge on the epidemiology of coenurosis and estimate the financial loss due to brain condemnation. A total 674 small ruminants were by a simple random sampling procedure. Data was analyzed using STATA version 11. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between prevalence of coenurosis and potential risk factors. From the total 512 goat and 162 sheep examined for coenurosis 6.02% and 8.6% were found positive respectively. There was significance difference between the risk factors and coenurosis infection. More coenurosis infected small ruminants were found in highland 9.7% (Odd ratio= 2.31, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.14, 4.64; P=0.017) than midland and lowland. There was high prevalence of coenurois in adult than young age of small ruminants. From 45 positive cysts were examined to identify fertility and viability by using cyst viability and fertility procedure, 17.8% calcified, 68.9% sterile and 13.3 % fertile. The diameter of positive cysts showed 46.7%, 42.3%, 11% small, medium and large respectively. From 100 respondents’ 86% of respondents has agreed on the sign of coenurosis, 14% has not agreed. The annual financial losses due to brain condemnation were estimated at 124,821 dollar.

scholarly journals Sero-epidemiological survey of bluetongue disease in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Molhima M. Elmahi ◽  
Mohammed O. Hussien ◽  
Abdel Rahim E. Karrar ◽  
Amira M. Elhassan ◽  
Abdel Rahim M. El Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Eastern Sudan

Abstract Background Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne viral disease of ruminant and camelid species which is transmitted by Culicoides spp. The causative agent of BT is bluetongue virus (BTV) that belongs to genus Orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. The clinical disease is seen mainly in sheep but mostly sub-clinical infections of BT are seen in cattle, goats and camelids. The clinical reaction of camels to infection is usually not apparent. The disease is notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), causing great economic losses due to decreased trade and high mortality and morbidity rates associated with bluetongue outbreaks. The objective of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of BTV in camels in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan and to identify the potential risk factors associated with the infection. A cross sectional study using a structured questionnaire survey was conducted during 2015–2016. A total of 210 serum samples were collected randomly from camels from 8 localities of Kassala State. The serum samples were screened for the presence of BTV specific immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Results Seropositivity to BTV IgG was detected in 165 of 210 camels’ sera accounting for a prevalence of 78.6%. Potential risk factors to BTV infection were associated with sex (OR = 0.061, p-value = 0.001) and seasonal river as water source for drinking (OR = 32.257, p-value = 0.0108). Conclusions Sex and seasonal river as water source for drinking were considered as potential risk factors for seropositivity to BTV in camels. The high prevalence of BTV in camels in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan, necessitates further epidemiological studies of BTV infection in camels and other ruminant species to better be able to control BT disease in this region.

Seroprevalence of brucellosis in bovines of Chhattisgarh, India

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lata Jain ◽  
Vinay Kumar ◽  
Sameer Chaturvedi ◽  
Goutam Roy ◽  
Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factors Associated

Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease causing reproductive problems and abortions in bovines leading to huge economic losses to the dairy industry. Seroepidemiology and risk factors associated with brucellosis were investigated in cattle and buffaloes of Chhattisgarh, India. A total of 374 serum samples from bovines were collected randomly from 94 villages of six districts of Chhattisgarh state with different attributes and were screened by i-ELISA for the detection of antibodies. The overall true seroprevalence for brucellosis was observed to be 14.17%. Brucellosis was significantly more prevalent in animals of organized farms, cross bred, age above 7 years, clinically ailing ones particularly cases of abortion and repeat breeding compared to apparently health animals. The finding represented a major impact on animal health and productivity as well as a high risk to the human population.

scholarly journals Assessment on Economic Losses due to Animal Health and Production Constraints in Jimma Town Intensive Dairy Farms, Jimma, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Milk Fever ◽  
Jimma Town

A single-visit-multiple subject formal survey technique was used to collect data from 75 small-scale dairy farming households which were selected at random and were interviewed using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Seventy-three (97.3%) dairy farming was practiced under an intensive management system. Among the selected dairy farms, only (33.3%) were kept in good hygienic condition. Artificial insemination was common (69.3%) breeding system practiced in most dairy farms of studying area. This study discovered that only a few dairy farms (2.7%) undergo periodic vaccination. It appeared from the study that morbidity loss of animals was primarily caused by mastitis which calculated (42.7%), black leg (32%), lumpy skin disease (21.3%), milk fever (17.3%), heart water (10.7%) and foot rote (5.3%) in order of their decreasing order. The results of this survey revealed that mastitis was ranked as the number one disease of dairy animals while foot rote was list reported disease in the study area. Morbidity loss of production and productivity was estimated to the financial loss of (812,600 birrs) per year. Not only morbidity loss, in some farms, mortality was also common problems of the study area. Mainly common diseases such as heart water (6.7%), milk fever (5.3%), back leg (2.7%), and lumpy skin disease (1.7%) were major causes of mortality in few farms. This in turn estimated the financial loss of (625,000 birrs). Eventually, overall annual financial loss as a result of mortality and morbidity was estimated to be (1,437,600 birrs). The outbreak of lumpy skin disease and blacklegs could be controlled through improving veterinary services with respect to adequate vaccination and heart water (seasonal tick infestation) would be alleviated by spraying. The aim of the study was to assess assessment on economic losses due to animal health and production constraints in Jimma town intensive dairy farms, Jimma, Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Cattle and Human Patients in ‎Bauchi and Gombe States, Northeastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
S. Ibrahim ◽  
S. Danbirni ◽  
A. S. Saidu ◽  
B. A. Usman ◽  
B. Y. Kaltungo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Surveillance Culture ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Banding Patterns

Tuberculosis (TB) is recognized as the most important threat to human and animal health causing morbidity, mortality, and economic losses. A study was conducted to assess the epidemiology and zoonotic implications of TB in two states of northeastern Nigeria, using abattoir surveillance, culture, and molecular typing methods. The human sputum of in-patients from selected hospitals within the study areas was also collected, cultured, and subjected to molecular typing. Out of the 250 human sputa collected, 74 (29.6%) were positive for culture and 40(16%) were positive on Bioline® analysis. Also, of the 200 tissues collected, 62(32.5%) were AFB positive and 25(12.5%) were positive on culture and 18(9.0%) were positive on Bioline® analysis. All positive isolates on Bioline® analyses were further subjected to Genotype® MBTC analysis. A total of (n = 58) isolates; sputum (n=40) and tissue (n=18), identified as MBTC were further subjected to Genotype MBTC® Hain assay PCR analysis. in order to differentiate them into their various species. Of the MBTC isolates from the tissues, 8(4.0%) were found to be Mycobacterium bovis, 5(2.5%) were Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the remaining 5(2.5%) were unidentified using the standard banding patterns. The 40 MBTC from sputum showed 30 (75%) as Mycobacterium tuberculosis 6(15%) were Mycobacterium bovis, 3(7.5%) were Mycobacterium africanum and 1(0.4%) was unidentified using the standard banding patterns. In conclusion, the study revealed the public health importance of bTB in the study area. There is also the need for public health awareness programs on the zoonotic nature of bTB among the abattoir workers and the herdsmen.

scholarly journals Estimating Economic Burden and Factors Perceived to Be Associated With Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle in Namisindwa District, Eastern Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Ongom ◽  
Steven Odongo ◽  
Aggrey Siya ◽  
Francis Ejobi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
P Value ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Cattle Herds

Abstract BackgroundGlobally, livestock contributes about 40% of agricultural output sustaining livelihoods and food security of almost a billion people. In Uganda, livestock contributes 5.2% and 12.7% to the total national GDP and agricultural GDP, respectively. In districts like Namisindwa, diseases like Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) affect the sector undermining its trade and production. Studies on the economic impact and risk factors have not been undertaken in such areas. This study thus sought to unravel information regarding economic impact and perceived risk factors associated with LSD in Namisindwa district. A cross sectional study involving quantitative approaches was employed in this study. Dependent variables were period prevalence and associated economic losses due effect of LSD on cattle herds while independent variable were potential factors influencing spread of the disease among cattle herds. The financial impact assessment was based on the farmers’ calendar year. Results The total economic losses incurred by farmers in Namisindwa district in a single outbreak of LSD was estimated at UGX 574,999,741 (USD 155,405). The most prominent economic loss due to LSD was attributed to low milk yield in lactating cattle as well as poor draught power performance. Other major contributions to economic losses due to LSD after the aforementioned two factors were cost of veterinary services and mortalities of cattle. Economic losses associated with loss of calves, and skin losses were perceived to be the lowest. Introduction of new animals, communal grazing and access to veterinary services were significantly associated with outbreaks of Lumpy Skin Disease. Specifically, farmers with access to veterinary services were less likely to be affected with the rampant spread of the LSD in their cattle, OR = .03361 and P-value < .05. Conclusion There is need for Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries in Uganda to advance interventions for prevention and control of LSD in the district. Larger scale and rigorous studies ought to be undertaken also to understand the risk factors and economic impact of LSD outbreaks.

scholarly journals Status of Animal Health with Emphasis of Blue Tongue Virus Disease in Kalat Region, Balochistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Shafiq Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Shafee ◽  
Abdul Razzaq ◽  
Muhammad Rahim Niazi ◽  
Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Undiagnosed Diseases ◽  
Scattered Population

Bluetongue is non contagious vector borne viral disease of small ruminants. It transmits by biting of culicoids midges and causes severe economic losses to animal owner in term of high morbidity, decreased production and impaired reproduction. Balochistan, being largest province of the country have scattered population in far remote areas. About 70% of the provincial population rely upon livestock rearing for their livelihood. Kalat is largest division of the province that stretches from Kalat city upto Lasbella including Khuzdar, Kharan and Awaran. It is located on main RCD route that will ultimately boost the animal marketing and their easy access to main market. Although different vaccines are practiced throughout the province but no such vaccine is available against BTV in the country. That’s why animals are facing problems of some undiagnosed diseases. This review provides necessary information about disease in the region. It is need of the time to educate farmer and strict vigilance may be practiced for proper and timely vaccination of all animals to curtail deadliest diseases in the region. 

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors for brucellosis in small ruminant flocks in Karnataka in the Southern Province of India

2021 ◽  
pp. 2855-2862
Author(s):  
Krithiga Natesan ◽  
Triveni Kalleshamurthy ◽  
Mangadevi Nookala ◽  
Chaitra Yadav ◽  
Nagalingam Mohandoss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
History Of

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of high economic and public health importance in large and small ruminant populations worldwide. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants in organized farms in the southern region of India. Materials and Methods: Farms exclusively rearing sheep and goats were selected based on the number of animals (small, medium, or large) and the location of the farm (urban, periurban, or rural). A total of 1499 serum samples; 1001 from sheeps and 498 from goats were sourced from six sheep and four goat farms and tested using Rose Bengal Plate and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay tests. Results: The apparent prevalence of brucellosis was higher in sheep (8.29%, 95% CI 6.7-10.1) than goats (5.82%, 95% CI 4.0-8.2). The true adjusted population level seroprevalence was also higher in sheep, at 7.7% (95% CI 6.0-9.6) than in goats, at 5.1% (95% CI 3.2-7.6). According to bivariate categorical analysis, six highly significant (p<0.001) animal- and farm-level risk factors for sheep were age, breed, number of lambings, history of abortion, rural farms, and presence of dogs on the farm. In goats, five significant risk factors were found: History of abortion, separate sheds, dogs on the farm, weekly veterinary consultation, and lack of brucellosis awareness. In a logistic regression model, abortion (OR adjusted 10.8, 95% CI 1.2-96.12), rural farms (OR adjusted 8.5, 95% CI 3.6-20.0), and absence of separate sheds on the farms (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1- 3.5) were found to be significant risk factors for ovine brucellosis. Conclusion: The use of complementary measures to tackle the multiple animal- and farm-level risk factors may help to reduce the disease burden in the absence of a vaccination policy for small ruminants in India.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of Brucellosis in small ruminants slaughtered at Debre Ziet and Modjo export abattoirs, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Tsegay ◽  
Getachew Tuli ◽  
Tesfu Kassa ◽  
Nigatu Kebede
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Sera Samples

Introduction: Brucellosis is a global zoonotic disease and major public and animal health problem in many parts of the world, particularly in places where livestock is a major source of food and income. This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2012 and May 2013 to determine the seroprevalence and assess potential risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants in five export abattoirs at Debre Ziet and Modjo, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Methodology: Serology and questionnaire were the methods used. In this investigation, 853 sera samples of 485 caprines and 368 ovines brought for slaughter were selected randomly. The Rose Bengal plate test and complement fixation test were conducted using sera samples at National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC) serology laboratory. Data collection sheets were used to gather information on possible risk factors believed to influence the occurrence of Brucella infection in small ruminants such as age, species, breed, body condition score, and origin of small ruminants. Results: Brucellosis was found in 17 (1.99%) and 15 (1.76%) small ruminants using the Rose Bengal plate test and complement fixation test, respectively. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age and body condition score of the animals were risk factors to Brucella infection (p = 0.008 and p = 0.001, respectively) in small ruminants. Conclusions: Based on this survey, brucellosis is a potential problem in small ruminants in Ethiopia that should be further explored.

scholarly journals A Data-driven Individual-based Model of Infectious Disease in Livestock Operation: A Validation Study for Paratuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad. A. Al-Mamun ◽  
Rebecca. L. Smith ◽  
Annette. Nigsch ◽  
Ynte. H. Schukken ◽  
Yrjo.T. Gröhn
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Individual Based Model ◽  
The Us

AbstractChronic livestock diseases cause large financial loss and affect the animal health and welfare. Controlling these diseases mostly requires precise information on both individual animal and population dynamics to inform farmer’s decision. Mathematical models provide opportunities to test different control and elimination options rather implementing them in real herds, but these models require valid parameter estimation and validation. Fitting these models to data is a difficult task due to heterogeneities in livestock processes. In this paper, we develop an infectious disease modeling framework for a livestock disease (paratuberculosis) that is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Infection with MAP leads to reduced milk production, pregnancy rates, and slaughter value and increased culling rates in cattle and causes significant economic losses to the dairy industry in the US. These economic effects are particularly important motivations in the control and elimination of MAP. In this framework, an individual-based model (IBM) of a dairy herd was built and a MAP infection was integrated on top of it. Once the model produced realistic dynamics of MAP infection, we implemented an evaluation method by fitting it to data from three dairy herds from the Northeast region of the US. The model fitting exercises used least-squares and parameter space searching methods to obtain the best-fitted values of selected parameters. The best set of parameters were used to model the effect of interventions. The results show that the presented model can complement real herd statistics where the intervention strategies suggested a reduction in MAP but no elimination was observed. Overall, this research not only provides a complete model for MAP infection dynamics in a cattle herd, but also offers a method for estimating parameter by fitting IBM models.

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