scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria from Baime Fish (Mystus armatus) and Evaluation of Antibiotic Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-146
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Infected Area ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
The City

Aquaculture products (fish) can harbor pathogenic bacteria which are part of the natural micro-flora of the environment. The current study was carried out for the extraction and identification of fish pathogenic microbes from Baime fish (Mystus armatus). Diseased fresh-water fishes were collected from different water bodies and fish landing centers of two study areas, namely the City area, Jhenaidah region. Bacteria are one of the important causative agents of fish diseases in both wild and cultured fish and are responsible for serious economic losses. Pathogenic bacteria strain was isolated from the infected area of Baime (M. armatus) fish skin. After isolation, isolates were finally identified by their desired morphological, characteristics, and biochemical test. They were gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that showed positive reaction for catalase, able to ferment glucose and one is citrate negative and another is citrate positive. After being persuaded above-mentioned test isolates were identified as genus Aeromonas and Pseudomonas. The ulcer type disease of M. armatus, the isolate was tested against several antibiotics’ treatment. Pseudomonas strains isolated from M. armatus is susceptible to penicillin G (10 μg), amoxicillin (10 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), Tetracycline (30 μg), Kanamycin (30 μg), moderately susceptible to Co-trimoxazole (25 μg), and Resistance to ceftazidime (10 μg). Aeromonas strains isolated from M. armatus is susceptible to amoxicillin (10 μg), erythromycin (15 μg), Tetracycline (30 μg), moderately susceptible to ceftazidime (10 μg), and Resistance to Co-trimoxazole (25 μg), penicillin G (10 μg), Kanamycin (30 μg). The results of the present study constitute an advance in the available diagnostic and bacterial pathogens in fish farms.

scholarly journals Evbakterijski PCR – uporabnost molekularne metode v klinični praksi

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zala Lužnik ◽  
Tjaša Cerar Kišek ◽  
Eva Ružić-Sabljić ◽  
Manica Müller Premru ◽  
Tomaž Jurca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Bacterial Genetic

AbstractBackground: Isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens enables accurate diagnosis of bacterial infection, allowing rational use of appropriate narrow-spectrum antibiotics. In some cases, the routine bacterial culture can give negative results. In those cases additional use of molecular techniques such as eubacterial (broad-range 16S rRNA) PCR may detect and identify bacterial genetic material.Methods: Between February 2012 and April 2013 42 specimens from 35 patients, already treated with antimicrobials, were taken and tested by eubacterial PCR in addition to routine microbiological culture. Results: Eubacterial PCR yielded positive result in 21/42 specimens in 18 patients (in three mixed sequences). Therefore, in 15 patients the diagnosis of bacterial infection was obtained with DNA identification and the results were interpreted in accordance to patients’ history, laboratory and image diagnostics. Only 4 specimens were culture-positive.Conclusions: Although eubacterial PCR enables the identification of any bacterial DNA in clinical specimens, there are some limitations: no information concerning antimicrobial susceptibility of the causative agents, problem of differentiating living from dead bacteria and problem to differentiate contaminants from pathogenic bacteria. The method is also expensive. In the following article recommendations for appropriate and rational use of eubacterial PCR are presented.

scholarly journals Acute Death of Kangaroos in a Zoo Due to Highly Pathogenic Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-hao Pan ◽  
Dian Liu ◽  
Mei-Rong Li ◽  
Rong-mei Fei
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Macropus Rufus

Background: “Lumpy jaw” is disease effecting wallabies and kangaroos, particularly in Macropus rufus and Macropus giganteus. In the most serious situations, additional tooth loss and fistulas follow, accompanied by a stench, weight loss, and eventually death due to sepsis or blood poisoning. “Lumpy jaw” disease has seriously affected the normal display and health of kangaroos, and cause a huge economic loss. There was an outbreak of jaw infection in kangaroos at the Nanjing Forest Zoo. Two Macropus giganteus and two Macropus rufus died of “lumpy jaw”. The main objective of the describing case was to isolate pathogens, provide a basis for follow-up treatment, and serve to establish a disease prevention protocol.Case: Four grown-up kangaroos (two Macropus giganteus and two Macropus rufus) were raised in Nanjing Forest Zoo, who had obviously clinical symptoms, such as oral lesions of pus, necrotic tissue, rotting teeth, then died of “lumpy jaw”. Oral swab samples were collected from the lesion sites of the dying kangaroos. Mice experiments were conducted to examine the pathogenicity of the strains. Tests of antimicrobial susceptibity were performed to prescribe with better drug treatments for kangaroos. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were identified based on morphology, culture characteristics and biochemical tests. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (G+) in Sucrose, Mannitol, Lactose, Maltose, Glucose tubes were positive, that acids and gases both production, in Gelatin liquefaction, Indol test, MR were positive, that only acids production, others were negative; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (G-) in Urea, MR were positive, that only acids production, others were negative.The infected mice presented with gum erosion or ulcers when the two pathogens were injected subcutaneous at the oral regional by 2-3 point at 0.2 mL of individual strains（1.0×109 CFU/mouse）. Drug sensitivity tests showed that Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is highly sensitive to Erythromycin (E) and Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ); meanwhile, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is highly sensitive to Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), Nitrofurantoin (N), Penicillin-G (P-G) and Erythromycin (E). The other “lumpy jaw” kangaroos in the zoo now receive oral screening with antibiotics (SMZ, E).Discussion: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is one of three pathogenic bacteria of the gram-negative genus Yersinia; it can be found in birdsand other mammals. It also spreads through soil, plants, and insects in the environment.Yersinia pseudotuberculosis can also lead to fatal systemic symptoms in human. Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis belongs to the Actinobacteria family, which are associated with Caseous lymphadenitis in breeding animals, especially in goats and sheep. The isolates affected the lymph nodes and visceral organs of the kangaroos in this case, who presented with gingivitis or stomatitis. It is the first report of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis co-infecting kangaroo and causing a fatal case of “lumpy jaw” in China. In this case, isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria were carried out on the sick kangaroos, and animal test and drug susceptibity test were conducted. The study results could provide theoretical basis for the follow-up treatment and prevention method of this disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Bacterial Isolates Associated with Intramammary Infections in Malaysian Dairy Herds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashir Ali ◽  
Z. Zunita ◽  
F.F. Jesse ◽  
S.Z. Ramanoon ◽  
M. L. Mohd-Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

Abstract Intramammary infections are costly endemic disease in dairy cows and it highly affects both the quality and quantity of milk production in addition to the animal well-being. It a major cause of considerable economic losses to the dairy farmers. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of mastitis pathogens and antimicrobial resistance pattern of selected most prevalent pathogens. A total of 1945 quarter samples from 517 cows across 33 dairy herds were used. Isolation and identification of mastitis pathogens was carried out based on standard bacteriological procedures. Antimicrobial resistance profile was conducted by disk diffusion technique. The overall culture prevalence was 67.6% (n=503/744, CI= 64.1-70.9). The respective states’ culture prevalence were 66.4% (n=71/107, CI= 56.5-75.0), 60.3% (184/305, CI= 54.6-65.8), 58% (n=94/162, CI= 50-65.6), 100% (n=75/75, CI= 93.9-100), and 83.3% (n=79/95, CI= 73.8-89.8) for Pahang, Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Johor respectively. The most prevalent isolates identified were non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) 39.5%, S. aureus 13.1%, K. pneumoniae 6.5%, S. agalactiae 4.8%, and S. uberis 4.3%. Resistance profile of K. pneumoniae isolates against ampicillin and Penicillin G were 70.4% and 88.9% respectively while that of Actinobacter spp against chloramphenicol and streptomycin were 71.4% and 35.7% respectively. For S. uberis isolates, 66.7% and 73.3% have shown resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin respectively. This study provides knowledge of the epidemiology of bacterial isolates associated with subclinical mastitis in Malaysia and their resistance profile. The high prevalence of these pathogens in milk and multidrug resistance observed should not be over looked.

Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria in Bakasang as fermented microbe starter

2013 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
J Aquarista Ingratubun ◽  
Frans G Ijong ◽  
Hens Onibala
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Total Plate Count

Food fermentation is one of various food processing techniques that has sufficient benefits of nutrition values, and also contains lactic acid bacteria which potentially inhibit pathogenic bacteria, thus prolong shelf life of  products. Bakasang is a traditional fermented food from North Sulawesi since many years ago. Reported research of bakasang previously had described that lactic acid bacteria was the dominant isolates and therefore current research  aimed to isolate and identify the lactic acid bacteria which associated during fermentation day 1 and day 15, respectively. Raw materials used were 5 kg intestine and liver of skipjack brought from local market Bersehati Manado. The intestine and liver of skipjack were washed and smashed and mixed with 10% salt  and 5% rice  from weight of the samples and then filled into bottle to be fermented for 15 days. Every 3 days (1,3,6,9,12,15), the samples were collected and analyzed for total lactic acid bacteria by using Total Plate Count Method on de Mann Rogosa Sharpe Agar after incubation at 37°C for 24 h. The colonies  grown were transferred to Tryptic Soy Broth and followed by streaking them on Tryptic Soy Agar and the free growing colony on agar medium were isolated into slant agar which were used for biochemical test such as Gram’s staining, motility test, catalase test, oksidase test, H2S test, IMVIC test (Indole, Methyl Red, Voges Proskauer, Citrate) and carbohydrate fermentation. The results showed that Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus sp., Eubacterium sp., and Bifidobacterium sp. All these four bacteria were distributed from day 1 to day 15 of the fermentation process© Fermentasi bahan pangan merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak teknik pengolahan makanan yang mempunyai banyak manfaat dari kualitas gizi, mengandung bakteri asam laktat sehingga menghambat bakteri patogen sehingga daya simpan lebih panjang. Bakasang merupakan makanan fermentasi tradisional masyarakat Sulawesi Utara yang sudah ada sejak lama. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan terhadap bakasang menghasilkan informasi bahwa terdapat bakteri asam laktat pada bakasang sehingga menjadi tujuan untuk mengisolasi dan identifikasi bakteri asam laktat selama proses fermentasi 1-15 hari. Bahan baku bakasang ialah jeroan (usus dan hati) ikan cakalang Katsuwonis pelamis sebanyak 5 kg yang diambil dari pasar Bersehati Manado. Sampel jeroan dibersihkan kemudian dihancurkan, ditambahkan garam 10% dan nasi 5% kemudian difermentasi selama 15 hari dengan mengambil tiap-tiap sampel setiap 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, dan 15 untuk dihitung jumlah bakteri asam laktat dengan menggunakkan metode Total Plate Count pada media de Mann Rogosa Sharpe Agar dan koloni yang tumbuh di tumbuhkan  kembali pada media Tryptic Soy Broth  dan digores kembali pada media Tryptic Soy Agar, koloni yang tumbuh digores pada media slant agar yang selanjutnya diidentifikasi bakteri asam laktat berdasarkan uji biokimia yaitu uji pewarnaan Gram, uji motility, uji katalase, uji oksidase, uji H2S dan uji IMVIC (Indole, MethylRed, Voges Proskauer, Citrate). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa selama proses fermentasi berlangsung terdapat 4 genera bakteri asam laktat sesuai yaitu Lactobacillus sp., Bacillus sp., Eubacterium sp., dan Bifidobacterium sp., ke 4 genera ini tersebar pada fermentasi hari 1 sampai hari ke 15©

Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Ola Hashem ◽  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Rawia Adawy
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.

Molecular Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Directly from the Nasal Swabs and Lung Tissue of Sheep and Goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Sunaina Thakur ◽  
Subhash Verma ◽  
Prasenjit Dhar ◽  
Mandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

Respiratory infections of sheep and goats cause heavy morbidity and mortality, leading to huge economic losses. Conventional methods of diagnosis that include isolation and identification of incriminating microbes are time-consuming and fraught with logistic challenges. Direct detection of incriminating microbes using molecular tools is gaining popularity in clinical, microbiological settings. In this study, a total of 50 samples (44 nasal swabs and 6 lung tissues) from sheep and goats were screened for the detection of different bacterial species by in vitro amplification of genus or species-specific genes. Histophilus somni was detected in 2% goat samples, Trueperella pyogenes in 20% goat nasal swabs, whereas 22% goat nasal swab samples were found positive for Mycoplasma spp. None of the samples from sheep was detected positive for H. somni, T. pyogenes, Mycoplasma spp. Similarly, all samples, irrespective, whether from sheep or goats, showed negative results for Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

scholarly journals Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease in Tropical Fruit Crops—A Review

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Latiffah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Fruit Plantations

In tropical fruit crops, anthracnose is mainly caused by species belonging to the fungal genus, Colletotrichum. These phytopathogens can infect several parts of the fruit crops; however, infection during postharvest or ripening stages is responsible for major economic losses. Due to the formation of black to dark brown sunken lesions on the fruit surface, anthracnose reduces fruit quality and marketability. Among the most common tropical fruit crops susceptible to anthracnose are mango, papaya, banana, avocado, guava, and dragon fruit; these are economically relevant products in many developing countries. It is important to document that the newly recorded Colletotrichum spp. associated with fruit anthracnose can infect multiple hosts, but some species may be host-specific. By using multiple markers, many phylogenetic species of Colletotrichum have been reported as anthracnose-causing pathogens. Taking into account that disease management strategies strongly rely on adequate knowledge of the causative agents, updated information on Colletotrichum species and the hazard posed by the most recently identified species in tropical fruit plantations and harvested fruits becomes vital. Besides, the newly recorded species may be important for biosecurity and should be listed as quarantine pathogens, considering that tropical fruits are traded worldwide.

scholarly journals Poult Enteritis and Mortality Syndrome in Turkey Poults: Causes, Diagnosis and Preventive Measures

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
Awad A. Shehata ◽  
Shereen Basiouni ◽  
Reinhard Sting ◽  
Valerij Akimkin ◽  
Marc Hoferer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Enteric Disorders ◽  
And Control ◽  
Enteropathogenic Viruses ◽  
Poult Enteritis

Poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS) is one of the most significant problem affecting turkeys and continues to cause severe economic losses worldwide. Although the specific causes of PEMS remains unknown, this syndrome might involve an interaction between several causative agents such as enteropathogenic viruses (coronaviruses, rotavirus, astroviruses and adenoviruses) and bacteria and protozoa. Non-infectious causes such as feed and management are also interconnected factors. However, it is difficult to determine the specific cause of enteric disorders under field conditions. Additionally, similarities of clinical signs and lesions hamper the accurate diagnosis. The purpose of the present review is to discuss in detail the main viral possible causative agents of PEMS and challenges in diagnosis and control.

A Report of Four Cases and a Review of the Literature

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Becker ◽  
Alexander M. Wernicke
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Physical Finding ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
Moderate Elevation

Four cases of gonococcal pharyngotonsillitis have been presented, along with a review of the world literature. This entity is most commonly seen in those individuals practicing fellatio, i.e., females and homosexual males. The infection may be passed to the newborn by the infected genitals of the mother during birth, to the infant from adult molestation, or among sexually promiscuous children. Most gonococcal pharyngeal infections result in a carrier state, and as such, are possible reservoirs of propagated infections. When symptomatic, the most frequent complaint is a sore throat. Physical finding among symptomatic patients reveal a wide spectrum ranging from mild hyperemia of the pharynx or tonsils, to exudative tonsillitis with tender cervical lymph nodes and moderate elevation of temperature. Most authorities agree that the preferred treatment is 4.8 million units of procaine penicillin G I.M., with one gm of probenecid by mouth thirty minutes before the injection. If allergic to penicillin, tetracycline should be given, 1.5 gm by mouth stat, then 0.5 gm four times a day for a total of 9 gm. A routine blood agar culture of the throat will not reveal the presence of the gonococcus. Thayer-Martin (or Transgrow) media must be used. Failure to detect pathogenic bacteria in a routine culture may lead to either no treatment or improper treatment of a gonococcal pharyngotonsillar infection. This may result in a carrier state, or even worse, to a disseminated gonococcal infection.

scholarly journals Changes of Spatial Characteristics: Socio-Cultural Sustainability in Historical Neighborhood in Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6212
Author(s):  
Huiming Liu ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
City Development ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Continuity ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
The City ◽  
Beijing China

This paper uses a typological approach as a tool to establish an analytical framework from a physical perspective to understand ‘place‘ and to identify key spatial characteristics that could adapt to local needs to deliver socio-cultural sustainability. Six representative housing types with their spaces and uses that were introduced in a historic neighborhood in Beijing, China are selected as case studies. Their morphological characteristics at the building, open space and neighborhood scales are examined, and typological transformations among the cases in terms of the degree of spatial continuity are identified. The paper proposes an analytical framework consisting of fifteen indicators to assess socio-cultural sustainability at the different morphological scales (building, open space and block/neighborhood) of the residents of the six cases. The score of changes from its original design is brought into calculations of continuities of spatial characteristics, which present the transitions and transformations of morphological characteristics in relation to adaptation of local needs and uses. The analysis results show that the spatial characteristics were changed when political-socioeconomic ideologies changed, and local needs and uses were transformed to follow these mutations, and finally, the methods of use in different morphological scales mostly differed from historical norms. Although the continuities of spatial characteristics were significantly changed, they are positively and continually accommodating the transformations and transitions of local needs and uses. On the other hand, the invariant spatial characteristics are important, which last despite transformation of the city development and changing of political-social-economic ideologies, and could be maintained for future development to enhance sociocultural sustainability.

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