scholarly journals Evaluation of Physicochemical and Microbial Quality Control of Hemodialysis Machines Water in Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Michael Abbaszadeh ◽  
Mohammad Mosaferi ◽  
Parisa Firouzi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Abedpour ◽  
Samira Sheykholeslami
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
East Azerbaijan ◽  
Dialysis Water

Abstract Background and Objectives: Water quality is important for preparation of dialysis solution due to its direct relationship with blood of patients with renal failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical and microbial quality of inlet and outlet water of dialysis devices in hospitals of East Azerbaijan province. Material and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical study in which the water of dialysis ward of three hospitals affiliated to East Azerbaijan University of Medical Sciences was investigated. The results of physicochemical (45 cases) and microbial (163 cases) of dialysis water were extracted from the relevant archives in two stages before and after reverse osmosis treatment during 2014-2016. Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis while extracting descriptive statistical parameters. Data analysis was done using Excel and SPSS 23 software. Results: Evaluation of the efficiency of reverse osmosis system showed that there was a significant difference between water quality, before and after the system. Except for calcium, magnesium, fluoride and nitrate, the concentrations of other cations and anions in 100% of samples were lower than the European Pharmacopoeia standard. Incoming water samples to dialysis machine in 4.9% of cases had total coliform contamination and there was no fecal coliform in any of the samples. The frequency and frequency of tests in hospitals are not observed and despite the risk of heavy metals, heavy metals tests are not performed on dialysis water for the health of dialysis patients. Conclusion: The need to develop a national standard for controlling dialysis water, testing all quality parameters of dialysis water according to standards in regular times and timeframes, informing hospital managers and environmental health experts about the importance of dialysis water quality in health and increasing life expectancy of dialysis patients is felt.

scholarly journals Reclaimed Wastewater Quality Assessment for Irrigation and Its Mid-Time Reuse Effects on Paddy Growth and Yield under Farmer Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Kami Kaboosi ◽  
Reza Esmailnezhad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Many studies have been conducted on irrigation of upland crops with reclaimed wastewater while there have been a few reports about wastewater reuse for paddies. The majority of irrigation water requirement of paddy field in Bandargaz region (Iran) during the dry season within the last 12 years is dependent on effluent of treatment plant. Accordingly, different water parameters and 12 irrigation water quality indexes and economical- environmental filed management factor (fertilizer application rate) and crop growth and yield were studied in freshwater (FW) and wastewater (WW) filelds. Explanation: Unexpectedly, wastewater and freshwater salinity was less and more than the threshold salinity of paddy (2.0 dS.m-1), respectively and due to the high concentration of chlorine, FW is not suitable for irrigation. Based on almost all of indices and standards for assessing irrigation water quality, WW was significantly better than FW. Conclusion: The average concentration of heavy metals in both FW and WW samples were in the order of Cr˂Cd˂Pb˂Ni. However, results showed that concentration of heavy metals in WW was significantly more than FW. Nevertheless, these were below maximum allowable based on international standards and guidelines. The average nitrogen concentration in the reclaimed wastewater was 11.2 mg.lit-1 that was more than the required nitrogen concentration (7 mg.lit-1). So, a dilution strategy could be adopted when reclaimed water is used. No significant difference was observed in two type farms based on plant height, spike length, and 1000-seed weight, but this factor was significantly effective on seed per spike and seed yield so that they were higher in WW irrigated farms by 12.4 and 10 percent, respectively.

Small dose Contrast Venography as Venous Mapping in Predialysis Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoo Dong Won ◽  
Ja Young Lee ◽  
Young Shin Shin ◽  
Young Soo Kim ◽  
Sun Ae Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Small Dose ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Before And After

Purpose This study was designed to evaluate radiocontrast-induced nephrotoxicity (RIN), and the image quality and findings of venography using small doses of radiocontrast as a venous mapping method in pre-dialysis patients. Methods Twenty-eight patients with stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease underwent arm venography with 10–15 ml of dilute contrast medium. Image quality, venographic findings and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) before and after the procedure were evaluated. Results Mean GFR was 19.3±5.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 (7–30 ml/min/1.73 m2). Image quality of venography in the forearm and upper arm veins was good in all patients. Central veins were visualized well in 26 (92.8%) patients. Eight (28.5%) patients showed cephalic veins inadequate for creation of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) because of occlusion or small diameter veins. There was no significant difference in GFR between the pre- and post-study (19.3±5.8 vs. 19.2±6.2 ml/min/1.73 m2, p=0.693). RIN developed (GFR: 17 to 13 ml/min/1.73 m2) in only one patient but without sequelae, and the GFR completely recovered to baseline level 7 days after the study. Conclusion Small dose venography is safe and effective for venous mapping in pre-dialysis patients.

scholarly journals Study of Pb Heavy Metal Pollution Level on Tannin Content of Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) in Bluto and Talango Sea Waters, Sumenep, East Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Catur Pujiono ◽  
Akhmad Taufiq Mukti ◽  
Woro Hastuti Satyantini
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Euchema cottoni or Kappaphycus alvarezii is one type of seaweeds that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Water pollution caused by the accumulation of Pb heavy metals will affect the seaweed to grow and develop. This study is aimed to determine the tannin levels in K. alvarezii and the relationship of Pb heavy metal pollution level with tannin levels in K. alvarezii in different waters. This study used an observational experiment, and samples were taken from two different locations with 4 stations in each. From each sample in both locations, K. alvarezii was taken and was then measured for the tannin levels, water quality, and heavy metals (Pb) in water and in K. alvarezii. The results were analyzed at the Laboratory of PT. Sucofindo and the Laboratory of Testing Service Unit, Airlangga University Surabaya. The data were analyzed using a statistical test in the form of a t-test to determine the differences in samples in both waters, and a C-square test was used to determine the relationship between PB and tannin levels in K. alvarezii. The results showed that the level of Pb heavy metal pollution in the two waters did not show a significant difference due to water quality which was quite similar in both locations. Moreover, the tannin content in K. alvarezii in Bluto waters (0.053±0.004%) was higher than that in Talango waters (0.020±0.009%). Meanwhile, a t-test showed a significant difference in seaweed tannins in both waters. The relationship between Pb heavy metal pollution and tannins of seaweed in Bluto and Talango waters was that they did not affect each other, and tannin concentration was more influenced by chemical oxygen demand (COD), salinity of both waters, and the cultivation methods used.

Leukotriene Release from Neutrophils of Patients on Hemodialysis with Cellulose Membranes

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jörres ◽  
D. Jörres ◽  
G.M. Gahl ◽  
E. Schulz ◽  
A. Mahiout
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Calcium Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ficoll Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Cellulose Membranes

The role of cytokines in patients with chronic renal failure is currently under investigation. We therefore studied the release of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in stable dialysis patients treated with two different cellulose membranes, Cuprophan and Hemophan®, a modified cellulose with less complement activation. Six patients were treated for four weeks with Cuprophan then switched to Hemophan® for another four weeks. Before and after the last treatment of each period, PMN were separated from 20 ml heparinized blood by FICOLL density gradient centrifugation. Portions of 5x106 PMN were resuspended in Hanks' buffer and stimulated for 5 minutes with calcium ionophore A23187 (5 /μg/ml). LTB4 in cell supernatants was determined by specific radioimmunoassay. PMN from dialysis patients before HD released significantly (p<0.01) more LTB4 than healthy donors. No significant difference between pre- and post-dialysis values was observed with Cuprophan or Hemophan® dialyzers. Our data suggest that the acute effects of blood membrane interaction with either complement activating or non-activating dialyzers do not lead to changes in post-dialysis leukotriene metabolism, but leukotriene production is enhanced chronically in dialysis patients.

scholarly journals Effect of Professional Ethics Workshop on the Moral Intelligence of Prehospital Emergency Personnel in East Azerbaijan, Iran

Thrita ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ghahremanzadeh Anigh ◽  
Abdolhassan Kazemi ◽  
Saeed Khamnei ◽  
Mehran Seif-Farshad ◽  
Firooz Hasanzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Emergency Center ◽  
Emergency Personnel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Prehospital Emergency ◽  
Moral Intelligence ◽  
East Azerbaijan ◽  
The Right

Background: Moral intelligence is one of the several types of human intelligence. It is the ability to understand right from wrong and behave based on the value which is believed to be right. Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a professional ethics workshop on the moral intelligence of prehospital emergency technicians in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, and consequently the improvement of their performance and increase in their work efficiency. Methods: In this before- and after-interventional study conducted in Tabriz University Prehospital Emergency Center, Iran, in 2020, a total of 234 participants were evaluated. The sample was collected using the Lennick and Kiel’s Moral Intelligence Questionnaire and full census method. Before the workshop, the questionnaire was completed by the participants. After the workshop, the same questionnaire was completed again. Results: The pretest and posttest scores for moral intelligence were 83.02 ± 7.33 and 83.49 ± 8.40, respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In the three components of moral intelligence, namely consistent behaviors based on principles, values, and beliefs, persistence for the right, and responsibility for personal decisions, there were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) before and after the workshop. Conclusions: According to the results, holding a professional ethics workshop was effective in increasing the overall level of moral intelligence, particularly in the three aforementioned components of moral intelligence. It is recommended to continue holding such workshops and improve the conditions and methods of training to increase their efficiency as much as possible.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dialysis Water Quality at Hospitals in Baghdad, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasamen Raad Humudat ◽  
Saadi Kadhim Al-Naseri
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Dialysis Center ◽  
Dialysis Water

Background. Dialysis water quality is one of the most important factors for ensuring the safe and effective delivery of hemodialysis. It has been known for over a decade that there might be hazardous contaminants in the water and concentrates used to prepare dialysis fluid. Rigorous international standards for the purification of dialysis fluids have been established, which were used in the present study to compare the quality of dialysis water as there is no national standard for dialysis water quality in Iraq. Objectives. There are more than 20 dialysis centers in Iraq, most of which contain similar units for the processing of dialysis water. The present study evaluated the quality of water used for dialysis in four dialysis centers located within Baghdad hospitals. Methods. Physical and chemical tests were carried out in the laboratory after sampling water from each dialysis center. Water samples were collected from three locations in each dialysis center. Hospital municipal water samples were collected from the tanks feeding dialysis units; samples of dialysis water were collected from the dialysis water treatment unit outlets; and samples of dialysis water were collected from the distribution network in dialysis rooms. Results. The results showed a fluctuation in the quality of the dialysis water (dialysis water and water from the dialysis distribution network), indicating that it is unacceptable compared to international standards. Chemical analysis showed that 75% of the dialysis water had elevated aluminum concentrations. Chemical analysis also found that dialysis water had elevated concentrations of free residual chlorine at some dialysis centers. Conclusions. All hemodialysis centers need careful monitoring and preventive maintenance to ensure good water quality. In addition, it is important to revise the design of the water treatment units according to water quality. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS ARANG SEKAM PADI DAN AMPAS KELAPA KERING DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR TIMBAL PADA AIR SUMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Rila Riskirana
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Husk Rice ◽  
Paired T Test

Lead (Pb) the heavy metals that are dangerous to humans as causing neurological disorders, impaired kidney function, and disorders of the reproductive system. Rice husk charcoal and dried coconut pulp has a porous surface structure so that it has considerable potential as an absorbent. This study aims to determine paddy rice husk and coconut pulp dried in lowering levels of Lead (Pb) in water wells dug. This is true experiments research by using Pre Post Test. This study did 2 treatments that used rice husk rice and dried coconut pulp in the ratio 25 g: 75 g and 75 g: 25 g with 5 repetitions. To determine differences in decreased levels of Pb before and after treatment,  Paired T test that shows the value of p = 0.000 <α (0.05) this means that there is a significant difference in the decrease in lead concentrations in water wells dug before and after treatment.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF TIMBAL LEVELS (Pb) ON BLOOD SHELLS (Anadara granosa) AND BAKAU (Shell Telescopium telescopium) IN PLACE AUCTION OF FISH (TPI) LAPPA SINJAI DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Wa Ode Rustiah ◽  
Nurhidayat Nurhidayat ◽  
Novie Rezkiyana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
National Standard ◽  
P Value ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anadara Granosa

Shellfish is one of the sea products that is very popular with the community including the community in Sinjai Regency as a potential coastal and fishery resources that have a fish auction place (TPI). Shellfish are one of the most efficient marine animals to accumulate heavy metals. This is due to the fact that shellfish live in the bottom sedimentary layer of water, move very slowly, and their food comes from detritus in the bottom waters, so the chance of entering heavy metals into the body is very large. Shells can be contaminated by lead (Pb) which enters the body of water through the crystallization of lead in the air with the help of rain water. Lead which accumulates in water and sediments will enter the water and accumulate in the water causing toxic effects on the organisms in it, including some types of shellfish. If humans consume shells that contain heavy metals in high enough quantities will have a negative impact on health. In the human body, heavy metals will combine with active enzymes to become inactive enzymes, so the synthesis of red blood grains (Hb) can be inhibited, consequently it can cause anemia. The purpose of the study was to determine lead content (Pb) in the sample of shellfish. The object of research is blood shells and mangrove shells, analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SSA) method with a total sample of 10. The results obtained by lead (Pb) in blood shells (Anadara granosa) with an average of 0.0439 mg / kg while the mangrove shells (Telescopium telescopium) with an average of 0.0176 mg / kg. Both shellfish samples did not exceed the maximum limit set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) of 1.5 mg / kg. Based on the data analysis test p value = 0.011 <0.05 which can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the levels of lead (Pb) in blood shells (Anadara granosa) and mangrove shells (Telescopium telescopium). Keywords: Blood Shells (Anadara granosa), Mangrove Shells (Telescopium telescopium), Lead (Pb),                  Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SSA)

scholarly journals Investigation of water quality of two rivers in Agbede –Wetlands in Southern Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
The Mean

<div> <p>Water quality of Edion and Omodo Rivers were assessed chemically from March to October, 2010. The abstracted water samples were also subjected to bacteriological examination. The Rivers were each sampled at upstream and downstream locations. Twenty (20) physico-chemical characteristics which included heavy metals were determined in the laboratory. Air temperature ranged from the mean 30.69 to 31.38 &deg;C, water temperature 26.50 to 27.00 &deg;C, pH 7.05 to 7.15, electrical conductivity 7.99 to 25.55mScm<sup>-1</sup>, turbidity 24.11 to 54.65FTU, total dissolved solids 6.14 to 7.78mgl<sup>-1</sup>, total hardness 25.10 to 30.38mgl<sup>-1</sup>, chlorine 22.06 to 25.02mgl<sup>-1</sup>, BOD<sub>5</sub> 0.88 to 2.42mgl<sup>-1</sup>, DO 3.81 to 6.50mgl<sup>-1</sup> and the nutrient elements such as&nbsp; sulphate,&nbsp; phosphate and Nitrate ranged between 0.03 and 3.81mgl<sup>-1</sup>, sodium 1.87 to 3.81mgl<sup>-1</sup> and potassium 1.08 to 1.27mgl<sup>-1</sup>. Heavy metals levels were low, ranging from 0.0025 to 5.6650mgl<sup>-1</sup> (Copper 0.0350 to 0.0910mgl<sup>-1</sup>, Iron 0.2825 to 0.5112mgl<sup>-1</sup>, cadmium 0.0015 to 0.0104mgl<sup>-1</sup>, lead 0.0025 to 0.0230mgl<sup>-1</sup>, zinc 2.7013 to 5.6650mgl<sup>-1</sup> and chromium 0.0025 to 0.0263mgl<sup>-1</sup>). Conductivity, sulphate, zinc and fecal coliform count showed significant difference (<em>P&lt;0.05</em>) with low values indicating good water quality. Water Quality Index (WQI) revealed that Stations 2 and 4 respectively had good water quality. All the characteristics had their values within FEPA Limit except for Zn (&gt; 3.0mgl<sup>-1</sup>).</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Change in the water quality of industrial channels due to resuspension of sediments contaminated with heavy metals

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Degtiareva ◽  
M. Elektorowicz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Anoxic Sediments ◽  
Sediment Removal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
The Impact

Industrial channels were used extensively during the two previous centuries and have become heavily contaminated. This study investigates possible water quality changes in the Lachine Canal (Montreal) due to the release of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Zn and Pb) into the water column during resuspension of anoxic sediments subjected to potential remediation. This release can be initiated by dredging activities for sediment removal. Equilibrium in the water from the Lachine Canal has been calculated using the program EQUILIB from the software FACT. The speciation of heavy metals in the water column was calculated with and without a solid phase before and after possible dredging. Speciation of heavy metals in pore water of anoxic sediments has been calculated, taking into account that corresponding sulfides are the solid phases controlling their solubility. The concentration of heavy metals under anoxic conditions considered could decrease by 8 orders of magnitude. The impact of various scenarios in the area of concern was reviewed from an ecotoxicological perspective. Dredging can possibly change the redox and acid–base conditions in the water column. The impact of dredging will be less if sediments contain calcium. Dredging can lead to an increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the water column and a change of metal speciation.

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