scholarly journals DETERMINING THE CONTACT SPOT OF ULTRA-LOW PRESSURE TIRES 1020X420-18 BEL-79 FOR SMALL-CLASS FORESTRY EQUIPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
A. Artemov ◽  
S. Goncharenko ◽  
Vladimir Pryadkin
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Contact Spot ◽  
Solid Support ◽  
Small Class ◽  
Specific Pressure ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

This article discusses the features of the environmental impact of wheeled vehicles on the soil and ways to reduce it. It was determined that one of the ways to reduce the harmful impact on the ground is to increase the tire contact spot and reduce the specific pressure in contact. The article discusses the main existing methods for determining the parameters of the contact spot of ultra-low pressure tires. The analysis of the considered methods is carried out, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages. Laboratory tests of the 1020x420-18 bus of the Bel-79 model used as a propellant on small-class forest tires were carried out. The research was carried out using a universal functional test bench for tires of the SIB-1M model. based on the method of static loading of the wheel with the application of an imprint of the painted area of the tire tread on a solid non-deformable platform, a series of experiments was carried out to determine the influence of the radial load and internal air pressure in the tire on the parameters of the tire contact spot. The results of the research are the dependences of the change in the shape of the contour and the actual area of the tire contact spot with the solid support axis. Approximating power functions

The Effects of Task Characteristics on the Organisation of the Team

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 546-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hallam ◽  
Robert B Stammers
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Machine System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
And Control

In the multiman-machine system, the organisation of the team appears to depend to a great extent on the characteristics of the tasks to be performed. After a discussion of the factors contributing to team performance, and the demands imposed by tasks, the results of a series of experiments are described in which certain task characteristics (complexity and organisation) of simulated command-and-control tasks are varied to investigate the performance of two-man teams working in either a vertical (serial) or a horizontal (parallel) team organisation. Evidence from this experimental work suggests that both types of team organisation may have their advantages and disadvantages in relation to different task characteristics.

Research on Low-Pressure Common Rail Electrical Control Injection System of Dimethyl Ether Engine

2011 ◽  
Vol 228-229 ◽  
pp. 702-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Tao ◽  
Guang De Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Test System ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Electrical Control

According to such properties of DME as high saturated vapor pressure, low viscosity and easy formation of mixture with air, a CPC (Controllable Premix Combustion) low-pressure common rail electrical control fuel injection test bench of DME engine is developed through this research. In addition, an overall design of the test system, hardware and software development of electrical control unit (ECU) and a test on the test bench are undertaken. The software of ECU is programmed by using real time modular programming. It has the advantages of flexible programming, convenient transplantation and wide extending possibility. Test results show that the injector switch timely, spray powerfully and pulverize perfectly. The software accomplishes many tasks such as signal acquisition as well as real-time control requirement of engine operation. Test result also shows the feasibility and good comprehensive performance of low-pressure common rail electronic system for DME fuel.

An Experimental Investigation of Continuous Gas Chromatography Using Pseudo-Random-Binary Sequence

1969 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Godfrey ◽  
M. Devenish
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Binary Sequence ◽  
Detector Response ◽  
Composition Change ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Series Of Experiments

A series of experiments, in which the sample gas of a gas chromatograph has been perturbed with a pseudo-random binary sequence, is described. The detector response was cross correlated with the input to obtain the system impulse response, which, in this case, is proportional to the chromatogram. The experiments were carried out to determine the advantages and disadvantages of this technique compared with the conventional (single sample injection) method, and it is concluded that, while the technique is most unlikely to be used as a straight replacement for the conventional method, it could prove useful where a rapid qualitative indication of a composition change is required.

scholarly journals TEST BENCH FOR INVESTIGATION OF WAVE DEFORMATION STRENGTHENING PROCESSES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (12) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Andrey Kirichek ◽  
Sergey Barinov ◽  
Sergey Silantiev ◽  
Aleksandr Yashin ◽  
Aleksandr Konstantinov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Deformation Parameters ◽  
Wave Deformation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shock System ◽  
Mutual Disposition

In the paper there are described designs of test benches to investigate the regularities of wave deformation strengthening processes. The advantages and disadvantages of well-known designs are revealed. A design of a new advanced test bench having wider technological potentialities and saved from the drawbacks revealed of the equipment created earlier is offered. A new design of the bench allows investigating the influence upon a process of a wave deformation strengthening of the elements of a shock system the parameters of which are varied in a wide range and applying also a series of marks upon a tested surface of a sample with the assurance of a specified accuracy of their mutual disposition. The test bench developed is essential for the fulfillment of experimental investigations of the interconnection between wave deformation parameters, a shape, dimensions of samples to be strengthened and a card of micro-hardness of a strengthened surface layer.

scholarly journals Reliability and Efficiency of Tractive Force Generation by the Interlock Drive System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Nannen ◽  
Damian Bover ◽  
David Reiser ◽  
Dieter Zöbel
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Mechanical Field ◽  
System P ◽  
Draft Force ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Tractive Efficiency ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

Tractors and other wheeled vehicles need considerable ballast to gain traction and have low tractive efficiency due to slip and tire flexing. The resulting soil degradation and energy cost are limiting factors that hinder the intensification of mechanical field management. The interlock drive system overcomes these limitations through the use of articulated spikes which temporarily interlock with the soil to generate traction. Once inserted into the soil, relatively thin and short spikes provide sufficient motion resistance to pull implements through the soil, with no need for additional ballast. To better understand the interaction of a spike with the soil, we conducted a series of experiments where we controlled the draft force and measured the resulting motion of the spike as it penetrates the soil and interlocks with it. Results show that the interlock drive system can generate pull reliably even on wet soil, and that a pull/weight ratio of 2 and higher is possible. The tractive efficiency for a vehicle using the interlock drive system can reach a ratio as high as 0.96 for wet and 0.975 for dry soil, as calculated from the experimental results. Precise soil applications would benefit from further improvement in the horizontal precision of soil penetration.

Dynamic modeling and experimental validation of skid-steered wheeled vehicles with low-pressure pneumatic tires on soft terrain

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 840-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouxing Tang ◽  
Shihua Yuan ◽  
Xueyuan Li ◽  
Junjie Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Dynamic Modeling ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Flexible Deformation ◽  
Longitudinal Slip ◽  
Flexible Operation ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Pneumatic Tires

Wheeled skid-steered technology has an increasing interest in its use for off-road unmanned ground vehicles, because of its great mobility and compact mechanical structure. By integrating multibody dynamics model and semi-empirical tire-terrain model, this paper presents a dynamic modeling approach for skid-steered wheeled vehicles with low-pressure pneumatic tires on soft terrain to predict and investigate its steering performance. The forward dynamics equations are built by spatial vector algebra. The tire–terrain model estimates flexible deformation and sinkage of the tire, and calculates forces and torques exerted on the tire according to relative motions of tire–terrain contact. The combined longitudinal slip and lateral skid of tires, and the vertical coupled deformations of tires and terrain are also considered in tire-terrain model. This approach optimizes the solution procedure and improves the computing efficiency. The simulation results show that the proposed tire–terrain model can predict the effects of rigid and flexible operation modes of tires on mechanical properties of tires and steering performances of the vehicle. The proposed dynamic model is validated on a six-wheeled skid-steered vehicle. The comparisons between experimental results and simulations show that the proposed dynamic model provides a better accuracy of steering performance simulation for skid-steered vehicles.

Research of Self-Oscillating Processes in the Zone of Interaction of an Elastic Tire with a Solid Support Base

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
M.M. Zhileykin
Keyword(s):  
Rear Axle ◽  
Solid Support ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Oscillating Processes ◽  
Two Bodies ◽  
Oscillating Mode

When two bodies interact in contact, self-oscillations or relaxation vibrations can occur, which are vibrations of parts of bodies relative to each other. The study of the processes occurring in the zone of an elastic tire interaction with a solid support base is of particular interest, since they directly affect the safety of movement of wheeled vehicles. The aim of the work is to study the conditions for the occurrence of self-oscillating processes in the zone of interaction of an elastic tire with a solid support base in three rolling modes: traction, driven, and braking. It has been established that the appearance of a self-oscillating mode in the zone of interaction of an elastic tire with a solid support base is a useful diagnostic feature providing recognition of the development of the process of losing adhesion of a wheel with a support base when the rear axle skids at early stages.

A Hydrofoil Configuration for Wind Powered Energy Ship Applications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob T. Woeste ◽  
Mark G. Turner ◽  
Nicolas Saxer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Preliminary Testing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Lifting Surface ◽  
Attachment Mechanism

Hydrofoils allow for boats to reach greater speeds by lifting the hulls of the boat out of the water. This reduces the drag due to the hulls pushing through the water. Implementing this technology on energy ships, sailboats or kiteboats that generate renewable energy using wind power, can increase the efficiency of such energy generating systems. A hydrofoil design was developed and manufactured for a Hobie 17 sailboat to allow for preliminary testing of the energy ship concept. A V-shape hydrofoil design was used to provide hands-free foiling of the sailboat. The advantages and disadvantages of this configuration are explored. An attachment mechanism is also described that allows for the user to preset the angle of attack of the dihedral hydrofoils, and an analysis of the adjustment angle’s impact on the hydrofoils′ angle of attack is quantified. Since the V-shape hydrofoil design pierces the water’s surface, ventilation becomes an issue due to air being sucked down the low-pressure lifting surface of the hydrofoils. To reduce ventilation, fences were added along the top surface of the hydrofoils. The hydrofoil design was tested and proven to be a feasible configuration for wind powered boats.

scholarly journals Modeling of the Minimum Fluidization Velocity and the Incipient Fluidization Pressure Drop in a Conical Fluidized Bed with Negative Pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8764
Author(s):  
Sheng Fang ◽  
Yanding Wei ◽  
Lei Fu ◽  
Geng Tian ◽  
Haibin Qu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Minimum Fluidization Velocity ◽  
Ergun Equation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fluidization Velocity ◽  
Minimum Fluidization ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Superficial Gas Velocity ◽  
Dimensional Analysis Method

The modeling of the minimum fluidization velocity (U0mf) and the incipient fluidization pressure drop (ΔPmf) is a valuable research topic in the fluidization field. In this paper, first, a series of experiments are carried out by changing the particle size and material mass to explore their effects on U0mf and ΔPmf. Then, an Ergun equation modifying method and the dimensional analysis method are used to obtain the modeling correlations of U0mf and ΔPmf by fitting the experimental data, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are discussed. The experimental results show that U0mf increases significantly with increasing particle size but has little relationship with the material mass; ΔPmf increases significantly with increasing material mass but has little relationship with the particle size. Experiments with small particles show a significant increase at large superficial gas velocity; we propose a conjecture that the particles’ collision with the fluidization chamber’s top surface causes this phenomenon. The fitting accuracy of the modified Ergun equation is lower than that of the dimensionless model. When using the Ergun equation modifying method, it is deduced that the gas drag force is approximately 0.8995 times the material total weight at the incipient fluidized state.

scholarly journals СТЕНД-IМIТАТОР СТАРТЕР-ГЕНЕРАТОРА З ФУНКЦІЄЮ ІМІТАЦІЇ РОБОТИ ДВОХ СТАРТЕР-ГЕНЕРАТОРІВ НА СПІЛЬНУ БОРТОВУ МЕРЕЖУ

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Анна Григорьевна Буряченко ◽  
Григорий Федорович Цалимов ◽  
Андрей Анатольевич Царев
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Electrical Signals ◽  
The Real ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
Starter Generator

Results of development of the specialized test equipment are described. This equipment (developed by specialists of enterprise “Element”) is the stand-simulator which simulates an electric starter-generator of a direct current and is intended for adjustment and testing in laboratory conditions in full parameters and functions of the block of start and generating which is the development of enterprise “Element” too. The basic characteristics of the stand-simulator are shown and experience and results of its application during development, manufacturing and tests the block of start and generating are covered. This stand-simulator is the hardware-software complex simulating the starter-generator as a system which interacts with the block of start and generating by electrical signals interchange. Questions of formation of mathematical model of the starter-generator which has been integrated in the stand-simulator are reflected. Mathematical model was formed as a result of the starter-generator tests with the real aircraft engine and with the block of start and generating. These tests were fulfilled on the engine test bench of specialized enterprise “Motor Sich”. The structure of the stand is given and is described the same way as the input and output electrical signals which are provided by stand-simulator during the process of the block of start and generating adjustment and testing. The special attention is given to a stage of modernization of the stand-simulator with the purpose of maintenance of checking of cross start and alignment of currents of two starter-generators on two-engine aircraft. Two methods of checking of cross start are applied in the stand-simulator. The one of these methods can be called software-method and the second is so-called hardware-method. The hardware-method is close to the real conditions as much as possible. These two methods are described, advantages and disadvantages of each one are illustrated and the conclusion concerning the using both of them is substantiated. The results of the stand-simulator application for block of start and generating tests are verified by the comparison with the results of the real tests of that block with the starter-generator and with the real engine.

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