scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF MOTOR TRANSPORT POLLUTION ON THE GROWTH OF EUROPEAN LARCH

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Rybakova ◽  
Yuriy Glazunov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Larch Wood ◽  
Late Wood ◽  
Area Of Influence

The results of an 18-year monitoring of the growth of European larch (Larixdecidua Mill.) in the zone of influence of the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD), one of the largest highways in the European part of Russia with a load of about 9 thousand cars per hour, are presented. The studies have been carried out on three trial plots located at 15, 35 and 100 m (control) from the highway. The morphometric parameters of European larch were determined 4, 8 and 18 years after planting four-year-old seedlings. Significant inhibition of European larch growth near the MKAD was revealed by height, trunk diameter, and crown parameters. The largest negative impact of the MKAD on its growth was manifested in the first 4 years after the creation of forest crops. The area of influence of the motorway on larch stands is about 40 m. Dendrochronological analysis of larch wood has showed that the total annual growth in the control section is significantly higher than in the area near the highway. Moreover, the growth of early wood in the area near the Moscow Ring Road is on average 23% higher than in the control one, the growth of late wood in the control area exceeds the growth in the area near the Moscow Ring Road by 34%. An analysis of the radial increment of European larch wood has showed that the growth of early wood is most closely related to the total amount of rainfall in May, June and July (correlation coefficient r = 0.33), of late wood to the amount of heat in August and September (r = - 0.44)

Postharvest recovery of beds of the edible red alga Porphyra perforata

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1968-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Roland ◽  
L. Michael Coon
Keyword(s):  
Standing Crop ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Annual Fluctuation ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Large Plot ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Whole Plants

Recovery of intertidal Porphyra beds following hand harvest was studied near the northwest tip of the Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C. Twenty-six percent of the standing crop of Porphyra perforata J. Ag. was removed in a large plot in June 1981; no negative effect on standing crop was apparent in May 1982 as compared with the adjacent control area. There was no negative impact on percent cover of Porphyra (mostly P. perforata) within 1 year after hand harvest of seven, approximately 1-m2 plots, as compared with respective controls. Annual fluctuation in cover, biomass, and relative mix of Porphyra species was large. Porphyra cover in a small plot harvested in early June 1981 increased to 86% of the June value by mid-July 1981, indicating substantial growth of the remaining thallus fragments and small, whole plants within one season. It was concluded that sustained yield of Porphyra beds can be assured if harvest is restricted to gathering by hand.

scholarly journals Anti-quorum Sensing Potential of Ageratum Conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) Extracts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli COMPAORE ◽  
Moussa COMPAORE ◽  
Vincent OUEDRAOGO ◽  
Ablassé ROUAMBA ◽  
Martin KIENDREBEOGO
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Phytochemical Content

Abstract Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes infections in human particularly immunocompromised patients with cystic fibrosis, severe burns and HIV, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. The pathogenic bacteria P aeruginosa produces virulence factors regulated by the mechanism called quorum sensing system. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the anti-quorum sensing activity of Ageratum conyzoides extracts Method: Chromobacterium violaceum reporter strain CV026 was used to highlight any interference with bacterium QS and strains derived from P. aeruginosa PAO1 were used to reveal any interference with the expression of quorum sensing genes, and to assess any impact of extract on the kinetics of the production of pyocyanin, elastases and biofilm formation. Results: Hydro-methanolic extract at the sub-inhibitory concentration of 100 μg/mL reduced quorum sensing virulence factors production such as, pyocyanin, elastases, rhamnolipids and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa PAO1 after 18 hours monitoring. Extract showed significant inhibition in HSL-mediated violacein production on C. violaceum CV026 after 48 hours monitoring. Biofilm formation was inhibited up to 32%. It affected QS gene expression in PAO1. The regulatory genes lasR / rhlR and the lasI synthases were most affected. At 8hours, hydro-methanolic extract reduced both QS gene to more than 30% (lasI/lasR and rhlI/R respectively 33.8% /30.2% and 36% /33.2%). RhlA and lasB genes have been relatively affected (13.4% and 28.9%). After 18 h, this extract reduced significantly the expression of regulatory 30 genes lasR (31%) and rhlR (39.6%) although synthases genes seemed to be less affected (lasI/21.2% and rhlI/11.6%). A limited impact was observed on the downstream genes (lasB /20.0% and rhlA /15.3%). No negative impact was observed on CV026 and PAO1 growth and cell viability. Our study also showed that A. conyzoides having ample amount of phenolics, flavonoids and triterpenoids. This phytochemical content could be one of the factors for showing anti quorum potential. Conclusion: Results indicate that hydro methanol 80 % extract from A. conyzoides could be a source of potential QS inhibition compounds.

Analysis of the influence of larch fibers and particles on selected properties of fiber- and particleboards

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Pazio ◽  
Piotr Boruszewski
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Larch Wood

Analysis of the influence of larch fibers and particles on selected properties of fiber- and particleboards. The paper presents the results of the research on the effect of the addition of fibers and particles obtained from European larch wood (Larix decidua Mill) from plantations on selected properties of fiber- and particleboards in comparison to the boards of the same structure based on typical industrial raw material (pine wood) uses by European wood based panels industry. The differences were shown in the tests, i.e.: modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity in static bending (MOE), internal bond (IB), thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours soaking in water and density profile. In the MOR and MOE tests, larch boards with a minimum 50% fiber share were characterized by comparable values of the properties determined to pine boards, while in the other variants, boards made of pine wood had better properties. In most cases, the larch boards were characterized by significantly lower values of swelling by thickness (with the exception of boards made of fibers) than boards made of wood from forest cultivation. The density profile of the boards on the cross-section of the plantation raw material did not differ from the boards made of pine raw material.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Ring Road on the growth of pine stands in Zhernovsky district forestry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. Полякова ◽  
С.Г. Шурыгин
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Surrounding Areas

В связи с увеличением территорий крупных городов все больше изымается площадей биогеоценозов под строительство линейных объектов (городская инфраструктура). Это ведет к увеличению нагрузки на биогеоценозы прилегающих к объектам территорий. Одним из наиболее значимых линейных объектов Санкт-Петербурга является кольцевая автодорога (далее – КАД). Строительство и функционирование КАД приводит к нарушению связей между компонентами биогеоценозов и к изменению самих биогеоценозов. В настоящей работе изучалось влияние кольцевой автодороги вокруг Санкт- Петербурга на компонент биогеоценоза – сосновый древостой. В качестве количественного показателя роста соснового древостоя были выбраны радиальные приросты, так как их параметры отражают качество условий произрастания. При анализе радиальных приростов сосновых древостоев, помимо положения от КАД, были учтены климатические условия. Корреляционный анализ подтвердил значимую достоверную связь между радиальными приростами древостоев участка 3 и средней температурой за вегетационный период на 25%. Также корреляционный анализ подтвердил значимую достоверную связь между радиальными приростами древостоев участка 6 и суммарным количеством осадков за вегетационный период на 30%. Дисперсионный анализ показал, что влияние КАД на приросты сосновых древостоев на подтопленных опытных участках 5 и 6 достоверно и составляет 38 и 30% соответственно от всех внешних факторов, влияющих на рост древостоев. Таким образом, полученные результаты подтверждают достоверное влияние КАД, построенное с технологическими нарушениями, так как насыпь КАД на рассматриваемых участках послужила дамбой, подпирающий поток почвенно-грунтовых вод, на рост сосновых древостоев. Наиболее изменчивы приросты древостоев на подтопляемых участках с нарушенным водно-воздушным режимом. The territory of large cities is increasing, larger areas of biogeocenoses are used for the construction of linear objects (urban infrastructure). This leads to an increase of the load on the ecosystems of surrounding areas. The most significant linear object of the city of St. Petersburg is the Ring Road. The construction and operation of the Ring Road leads to the disruption of the links between the components of biogeocenoses and to changes in biogeocenoses themselves. In this paper the influence of the Ring Road of St. Petersburg on the component of biogeocenosis – pine stands was studied. The quantitative indicator of pine stands growth is radial increment. Parameters of radial increment reflect the quality of growing conditions. The influence of position of the Ring Road and climatic conditions on the radial increments of pine stands was taken into account. The correlation analysis revealed a significant reliable relationship between the radial increments of the pine stands of site 3 and the average temperature over the vegetation period by 25%. Also, the correlation analysis revealed a significant reliable relationship between the radial increments of the stands of site 6 and the total amount of precipitation temperature over the vegetation period by 30%. Single-factor analysis of variance showed that the influence of the Ring Road on the growth of pine stands of underflooded sites 5 and 6 is reliable and is 38 and 30%, respectively, of all external factors affecting the growth of stands. The Ring Road was built with the construction technology infringement. The road embankment works as a dam on the way of soil water and groundwater. The obtained results confirm the reliable influence of the Ring Road on the growth of pine stands. The most significant deviation of the increments of stands was on underflooded sites with disturbed water and air conditions.

Groundwater Contamination due to the Use of Agrochemicals in Sugar Cane Agroecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Soto Estrada ◽  
Cesáreo Landeros Sánchez ◽  
Juan Manuel Hernández Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Area Of Influence

Objective: Assess the risk of groundwater contamination due to the application of pesticides and the amount of nitrogen leached in agroecosystems with sugar cane in the area of influence of sugar mills, La Gloria y El Modelo, Veracruz, Mexico. Methodology: The presence of pesticides at 30 groundwater sampling points was determined by using the Mexican regulation N0M-041-SSA1-1993 and the EPA 608 and EPA 608.1 methods described by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Nitrogen (N) loss by leaching was assessed evaluating nine treatments by combining two factors: dose (250, 200 and 150 kg ha-1 of N) and application fractionated doses (2, 3 y 4). Results: Pesticides such as ?-hexachlorocyclohexane (?-HCH), heptachlor heptachloroepoxide, ?-endosulfan, ? endosulfan, sulfate-endosulfan, aldrin, dieldrin and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (4.4’DDE) were found in groundwater of deep wells of agroecosystems with sugarcane. Application of low doses of N resulted in lower losses of N due to leaching. A dose of 150 kg ha-1 of N, applied in two, three, and four fractions, generated N losses between 15.40 to 18.18 kg ha-1, which means a loss of up to 12.1%. Conclusions: Groundwater contamination by agrochemicals, such as pesticides is indubitable; so, reducing such contamination should be a priority for crop growers involved. Also, nitrogen, soil and water management and conservation practices must be done. This will result in a less negative impact to the environment and public health. Water and nitrogen fertilizers management at plot level are to be improved in order to increase water irrigation and nitrogen efficiency in agricultural areas.

scholarly journals Hydrogeological research as a basis for the preparation of the plan of monitoring groundwater contamination: A Case Study of the Stara Vas Landfill near Postojna (SW Slovenia)

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Metka Petrič ◽  
Stanka Šebela
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Lithological Mapping ◽  
Monitoring Plan ◽  
Natural Filtration ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Narrow Area

 V Sloveniji je na krasu trenutno aktivnih devet odlagališč komunalnih odpadkov, med drugimi tudi Stara vas pri Postojni. Ker je za kraška območja značilna močna razpokanost kamninske osnove in zelo dobra prepustnosti, izcedne vode z odlagališč še posebej ogrožajo podzemno vodo. Sposobnost naravne filtracije je v krasu majhna,obseg možnega negativnega vpliva pa zelo velik. Sedaj veljavna zakonodaja predpisuje obratovalni monitoring, del katerega je tudi merjenje parametrov onesnaženosti podzemnih vod z nevarnimi snovmi, če so v vplivnem območju odlagališča. Temelj za izdelavo načrta monitoringa so ustrezne hidrogeološke raziskave. Za primer Stare vasi smo poleg osnovnih geoloških in hidrogeoloških podatkov uporabili še rezultate sledilnih poskusov, ožje območje odlagališča pa smo podrobno tektonsko-litološko kartirali v merilu 1:5000. Na osnovi ugotovljenih značilnosti pretakanja vode v podzemlju in v skladu s predpisi smo določili 3 točke monitoringa znotraj (izvira Malenščica in Vipava, jama Fužina) in eno izven vplivnega območja odlagališča (Matijeva jama) ter določili način spremljanja kakovosti vode in izdatnosti   For the present 9 land fills on karst are still active in Slovenia, among them also the Stara vas land fill near Postojna. As strong fissuration of the rock base and very good permeability istypical for karst areas, the waste waters from the landfills particularly endanger the groundwater.The capacity of natural filtration in karst is very low and the dimension of possible negative impact is very high. The actual legislation regulates the performance of operational monitoring, a part of which is also the measurement of parameters of contamination of groundwater by hazardous substances, if they are in the area of influence of the landfill. Preparation of the monitoring plan is based on adequate hydrogeological researches. Besides basic geological and hydrogeological data also the results of tracer tests were used in the case study of the Stara vas landfill.Additionally, the detailed tectonic-lithological mapping in the scale 1:5000 was performed in the narrow area of the landfill.Based on defined characteristics of underground water flow and in accordance with the regulations 3 monitoring points inside (Malenščica and Vipava springs, Fužina cave) and one point outside the area of influence of the landfill (Matijeva jama cave) were selected. The monitoring plan for the observation of water quality and capacity was suggested.

scholarly journals Application of Photovoltaic Systems for Agriculture: A Study on the Relationship between Power Generation and Farming for the Improvement of Photovoltaic Applications in Agriculture

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4815
Author(s):  
Jaiyoung Cho ◽  
Sung Min Park ◽  
A Reum Park ◽  
On Chan Lee ◽  
Geemoon Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Solar Energy Harvesting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Agrivoltaic (agriculture–photovoltaic) or solar sharing has gained growing recognition as a promising means of integrating agriculture and solar-energy harvesting. Although this field offers great potential, data on the impact on crop growth and development are insufficient. As such, this study examines the impact of agriculture–photovoltaic farming on crops using energy information and communications technology (ICT). The researched crops were grapes, cultivated land was divided into six sections, photovoltaic panels were installed in three test areas, and not installed in the other three. A 1300 × 520 mm photovoltaic module was installed on a screen that was designed with a shading rate of 30%. In addition, to collect farming-cultivation-environment data and to analyze power generation, sensors for growing environments and wireless-communication devices were used. As a result, normal modules generated 25.2 MWh, bifacial modules generated 21.6 MWh, and transparent modules generated 25.7 MWh over a five-month period. We could not find a difference in grape growth according to the difference of each module. However, a slight slowing of grape growth was found in the experiment group compared to the control group. Nevertheless, the sugar content of the test area of the grape fruit in the harvest season was 17.6 Brix on average, and the sugar content of the control area was measured at 17.2 Brix. Grape sugar-content level was shown to be at almost the same level as that in the control group by delaying the harvest time by about 10 days. In conclusion, this study shows that it is possible to produce renewable energy without any meaningful negative impact on normal grape farming.

scholarly journals Effect of Morus alba L. leaf extracts on seeds germination and the seedlings growth of Sinapis alba L. and Cucumis sativus L.

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-109
Author(s):  
Joanna Biel-Parzymięso
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Germination And Growth

Plant growth and development can be modified, including modification by chemical processes that result from neighbouring plants. If interactions in the natural environment between one plant and another are of a chemical nature, then this phenomenon is called allelopathy. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of aqueous extracts of Morus alba L., at concentrations of 3%, 5% and 10%, on the germination and growth of Sinapis alba L. (mustard) and Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber). It was found that allelopathins contained in the extracts slowed the germination of both species. The highest, 10%, extracts significantly inhibited germination. It was found that with an increase in allelopathin concentration, there was a significant inhibition of the growth of underground and above-ground plant organs. A complete lack of growth was observed for mustard plants grown from seeds watered with extracts during germination for 48 hours. Compared to the control plants, a differences in the growth of fresh and dry mass in plants watered with extracts during the germination and growth phases were found. Depending on the timing of treatment and the type of organ tested, aqueous mulberry leaf extracts at lower concentrations had a positive effect on the growth and development of the analysed species. Extracts with a higher concentration of chemical compounds had a negative impact on both mustard and cucumber.

scholarly journals Case study of negative impact of concave coal basin on long ribbon building development

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Beata Parkasiewicz ◽  
Marian Kawulok
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Area Of Influence ◽  
Heavy Damage

The development analysed in this article was under the effects of mining activity in 2012-2016, most importantly in the area of influence of the mining basin. As a result of the mining activity, the terrain became considerably deformed and sloped. Effects on the buildings' condition consisted in tilt of the segments, measuring between 10-25 mm/m. The units also moved in relation to each other at the movement joints, and their structure suffered heavy damage, mostly in the form of cracks and chips on the walls. For ribbon buildings, i.e. buildings which may be divided with movement joints and which may form long rows, specific locations on top of a mining basin may lead to endangering the safety of structures and their users, even in newly constructed buildings.

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