Time Records in Mukkutar Pallu

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Kayalvizhy M
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Agricultural Community

Mukkutar Pallu was an anonymous poem which depicts the life of Pallar community in the Southern part of Tamil Nadu during 17th century. They were ancient tribes and have a glorious past. The Pallers were the prominent agricultural community in the Tamil society. In this poem the poet records various events which were took place the 17th century. Pallar and Palliyar were the main role in this work. The poem beautifully records various events in the life of Pallar community. The personal life, agricultural works, religious conditions, belives, economic states, social conditions were beautifly recorded in this work. The feudal conduction at that time and the untouchablity a cruel custom which dominates the society at the time were recorded in this book. This book has considered as a time and historical valuable record of 17th century Tamil Nadu. The dialet which was spoke by the Pallar community were used in this book was this was the speciality of this book.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of the Agricultural Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
A. Romanova ◽  
E. Kolpak ◽  
U. Andreeva ◽  
S. Polina ◽  
A. Shmeleva
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Population ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
The World ◽  
Dynamics Of Population

The paper develops a mathematical model of population growth in an agricultural community, covering the 17th century ad. The model takes into account two types of resources that provided life, and the influence of management structures on population growth. The analytical results are compared with the estimated data of historians and economists on the world population. Based on the statistical approach, a model for estimating the possible dynamics of population growth is proposed.

scholarly journals „Christianopolis“ als Utopie der Bildung, Erziehung und Wissenschaft nach Johann Valentin Andreae (1586-1654)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Franz ◽  
Dietrich-Eckhard Franz
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Science And Education

Education and sciences, that are accessible to all, is the focus of several complex and remarkable utopian visions from the 17th century. Particularly the life and work of Johann Valentin Andreae (1586-1654) shows the relation between the critique of social conditions and the idea of a better society. As many others at that time he favours a type of state marked as enlightened governance. However, his detailed description of the state “Christianopolis” from 1619, in which he addresses primarily the role of science and education in a society, shows significantly more independent concepts and implications. In his comprehensive explanation he specifies that science and education have certain responsibilities and importance for a better society. Those thoughts are meaningful and considerable both for philosophical and historical reflections of science and the vantage point of the present and shall therefore be the main focus of this article.

scholarly journals The Era of Dušan’s Code

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Đorđe Bubalo
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Original Version ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mere Existence

Drawing on the structure and contents of the extant manuscripts of Dušan’s Code, this paper attempts roughly to outline the history of its application and changes from the time of its promulgation in 1349 and revision in 1353–1354, a process that continued to the end of the 18th century. The scarce evidence about the application of the Code has been preserved in some charters issued by the emperors Dušan and Uroš, but since the 15th century the only evidence about its application is found in new copies or in the changes in its structure and in the phrasing of certain stipulations. The production of copies similar to the original version continued simultaneously with the revisions, with all sharing a single trait: the coalescence of Dušan’s Code with its codicological environment, whose first and fixed layer included the abbreviated Syntagma of Matthew Blastares and the so-called Code of Justinian. Along with these, other ecclesiastical-legal compositions were also copied, which suggests that the extant copies of Dušan’s Code were used in ecclesiastical courts or for the clergy’s everyday service needs. The signs suggesting that the Code was gradually adapted to suit different legal and social conditions are as follows: the exclusion of stipulations which were no longer up to date; a new systematization of stipulations according to subject matter; changes in penalties and sanctions; amendments and clarifications of some stipulations; and the modernization of the document’s language and legal terms. At a point no earlier than the second half of the 17th century, a separate recension of Dušan’s Code was created in order to facilitate the adaptation and use of its legal material for the regulation of those legal relations that the Serbian ecclesiastical hierarchy or the local self-governing authorities had kept within their own jurisdictions under foreign rule. The majority of the copies of this new, younger recension was created and enacted in the circle of the Serbian ecclesiastical hierarchy and the subjects of the Habsburg monarchy after the Great Exodus. Not only did the Code provide positive legal material, but its mere existence and authority also helped the efforts of the Serbian hierarchy in the Habsburg monarchy to emphasize the tradition of Serbian statehood, as well as its tendencies toward a renewal of state independence.

scholarly journals Book Review "Glonggong", Junaidi Setiyono, Serambi Ilmu Semesta, Jakarta, ISBN 978-979-1275-48-4

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarwan Saukhi Mafazi
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dutch Colonial

This book tells about a young man of noble descent who lived a simple life and lived among the poor during the struggle of Prince Antawirya or better known as Prince Diponegoro in Central Java. The Java War or De Java Oorlog (Netherlands) was a major and comprehensive war that lasted for five years (1825-1830) which took place in Java, between the Dutch colonial forces under the leadership of General De Kock against the indigenous population led by a Yogyakarta prince named Prince Diponegoro. or who in this novel is referred to as Kangjeng Sultan Ngabdulkamid. This war was one of the biggest battles experienced by the Dutch during colonizing the archipelago. Where the victims of this war reached two hundred thousand more dead. This war involved the entire Java region, so this war is called the Java War. However, this book does not explain in depth about the Javanese war and also does not explain the life or struggle of a hero like Prince Diponegoro, but this book tells the history from another person's point of view about the personal life of a young Dipanegaran laskar follower and the social conditions of society in the past. the Javanese battle.

scholarly journals A study on the prevalence of acute and chronic malnutrition and influence of feeding practices among 6 months to 2 years children in rural field practice area of Kilpauk Medical College, Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1172
Author(s):  
S. Dhanalakshmi ◽  
R. Selvaraj
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Malnutrition ◽  
Under Nutrition

Background: In India, 54% of under five children death mainly due to under nutrition. First two years of age is most critical. Nutritional status was assessed by using WHO standard growth chart. Wasting represents acute malnutrition, stunting with chronic, underweight represents both acute and chronic. Based on NFHS-3 data the prevalence of under nutrition rise up to 2 years of age, thereafter more or less stabilizes. Faulty feeding practices plays major role in under nutrition. Hence, this study carried out to assess nutritional status of 6 months to 2 years children in terms of acute and chronic malnutrition and to estimate the association of nutritional status with feeding practices.Methods: Cross sectional study done during March to August 2016. Sample size estimated was 180. Stratified random sampling method used to collect data among children in Peerkankaranai.Results: Mean age of children was 15.82 months. About 61.2% belonged to 12 to 24 months age group. Sex distributions were equal. About 55% belongs to middle socioeconomic status. The prevalence of underweight was 31.65, wasting 15%, stunting 45.6%. Male children affected by chronic malnutrition more than female children. Not initiating breast feeding within 4 hours of birth plays significant role in acute malnutrition. Prevalence of malnutrition was high among those not practising colostrum feeding and exclusive breast feeding. Only 15 mothers not influenced by formula feeding. Feeding frequency and traditional feeding practices had main role in chronic malnutrition.Conclusions: The prevalence of under nutrition among study population was high among this area. Feeding practices should be improved among the mothers.

scholarly journals Moorings: Indian Ocean Creolizations

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francoise Verges ◽  
Carpanin Marimoutou
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Southern China ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Réunion Island ◽  
The 1960S

In this essay written in 2004, Françoise Vergès and Carpanin Marimoutou explore the ways in which processes and practices of creolization occurred in Réunion Island. They argue that creolization must be analyzed within the historical, political and cultural context in which they emerge. Vergès and Marimoutou reflect on these processes -- frictions, conflicts, and exchanges among slaves, settlers, migrants, and indentured workers from Madagascar, Mozambique, Gujarat, Bengal, France, Tamil Nadu, Southern China, Malaysia, Vietnam..., who were brought or came on the uninhabited island, colonized by the French in the 17th century. The authors also looked at the post-colonial moment, the French policies of assimilation and repression in the 1960s-1970s. For them, vernacular cultural practices and memories of struggle continue to work as counter strategies against local and national reactionary politics. In their conclusion, Vergès and Marimoutou look at the current form of globalization and its consequences on processes of creolization.

scholarly journals Micro-Finance as a tool for Self Help Groups in Social Upliftment of Tribal Women in Yelagiri Hills of Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
N Fathima Thabassum ◽  
S Afsar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Tribal Women ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
Self Help Group

Micro-finance institutions (MIFs) acts as a promoter to Self Help Group (SHG) for the development of women members by providing Micro-credit facilities in different terms under varying conditions with/without collateral. This study was conducted among SHGs women members in tribal areas of Yelagiri Hills in Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, in India. All these areas are below the poverty line with unemployment and lack of awareness relating to education, health, nutrition, employment, financial facilities, and entrepreneurship. None Government Organisations (NGOs), Banks/MFIs, and Government organizations are taking a lot of effort to uplift these area’s people by providing guidelines to them. This study focuses on how micro-finance helps the tribal women members to overcome their problem to uplift social conditions. One hundred twenty questionnaires were distributed among the self-help group members. Through exploratory factor analysis, five factors were identified, namely an improvement in the quality of life, personality development, enhancement of social conditions, investment opportunities, and debt repayment. Multiple regression analysis results reveal that improvement in the quality of life, personality development, and enhancement of social has an impact on Social upliftment of tribal women in SHGs through Micro-finance.

Role of spectrin in membrane fusion and in shape change of human erythrocyte ghost

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Hideo Hayashi ◽  
Yoshikazu Hirai ◽  
John T. Penniston
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Human Erythrocyte ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Bank Blood ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Ghost

Spectrin is a membrane associated protein most of which properties have been tentatively elucidated. A main role of the protein has been assumed to give a supporting structure to inside of the membrane. As reported previously, however, the isolated spectrin molecule underwent self assemble to form such as fibrous, meshwork, dispersed or aggregated arrangements depending upon the buffer suspended and was suggested to play an active role in the membrane conformational changes. In this study, the role of spectrin and actin was examined in terms of the molecular arrangements on the erythrocyte membrane surface with correlation to the functional states of the ghosts.Human erythrocyte ghosts were prepared from either freshly drawn or stocked bank blood by the method of Dodge et al with a slight modification as described before. Anti-spectrin antibody was raised against rabbit by injection of purified spectrin and partially purified.

Ultrastructural modification of cellular interactions in cancer tumor

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
N. P. Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Characteristic Features

One of the most characteristic features of cancer cells is their ability to metastasia. It is suggested that the modifications of the structure and properties of cancer cells surfaces play the main role in this process. The present work was aimed at finding out what ultrastructural features apear in tumor in vivo which removal of individual cancer cells from the cell population can provide. For this purpose the cellular interactions in the normal human thyroid and cancer tumor of this gland electron microscopic were studied. The tissues were fixed in osmium tetroxide and were embedded in Araldite-Epon.In normal human thyroid the most common type of intercellular contacts was represented by simple junction formed by the parallelalignment of adjacent cell membranees leaving in between an intermembranes space 15-20 nm filled with electronlucid material (Fig. 1a). Sometimes in the basal part of cells dilatations of the intercellular space 40-50 nm wide were found (Fig. 1a). Here the cell surfaces may form single short microvilli.

Mesophyll conductance: the leaf corridors for photosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gago ◽  
Danilo M. Daloso ◽  
Marc Carriquí ◽  
Miquel Nadal ◽  
Melanie Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Change Framework ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma

Besides stomata, the photosynthetic CO2 pathway also involves the transport of CO2 from the sub-stomatal air spaces inside to the carboxylation sites in the chloroplast stroma, where Rubisco is located. This pathway is far to be a simple and direct way, formed by series of consecutive barriers that the CO2 should cross to be finally assimilated in photosynthesis, known as the mesophyll conductance (gm). Therefore, the gm reflects the pathway through different air, water and biophysical barriers within the leaf tissues and cell structures. Currently, it is known that gm can impose the same level of limitation (or even higher depending of the conditions) to photosynthesis than the wider known stomata or biochemistry. In this mini-review, we are focused on each of the gm determinants to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms driving gm from anatomical to metabolic and biochemical perspectives. Special attention deserve the latest studies demonstrating the importance of the molecular mechanisms driving anatomical traits as cell wall and the chloroplast surface exposed to the mesophyll airspaces (Sc/S) that significantly constrain gm. However, even considering these recent discoveries, still is poorly understood the mechanisms about signaling pathways linking the environment a/biotic stressors with gm responses. Thus, considering the main role of gm as a major driver of the CO2 availability at the carboxylation sites, future studies into these aspects will help us to understand photosynthesis responses in a global change framework.

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