scholarly journals “Age of Ethos”: Exploring Rhetorical Practices in Early Chinese Society

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Yong-Kang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese Tradition ◽  
Discourse Practices ◽  
The Right ◽  
Collective Ethos ◽  
Key Aspects

The essay explores the notion of collective ethos by looking closely at some of the key aspects of rhetorical and discourse practices in early Chinese society, such as ethos-as-spirit, the oneness of ethos/logos, and wei-yi (威仪; authority and deportment) among others, with a conclusion about the ethocentric nature of the traditional Chinese discourse system, rhetoric and philosophy included. To put things in perspective, it also discusses Western theories on ethos, including those by noted postmodernist theorists such as Bourdieu and Foucault. However, it does not argue that the Chinese tradition is the right path to rhetoric in general and ethos in particular but, rather, points out that rhetoric varies across cultures for an array of reasons, hence the necessity of approaching and understanding ethos differently from the model formulated by Aristotle.

scholarly journals Ethos in Early Chinese Rhetoric: The Case of “Heaven”

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Yong-Kang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
The West ◽  
Chinese Tradition ◽  
Rhetorical Tradition ◽  
Chinese Rhetoric ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
Collective Ethos ◽  
The Universe

Though applicable in many Western historical-cultural settings, the Aristotelian model of ethos is not universal. As early Chinese rhetoric shows in the example of cheng-yan or “ethos of sincereness,” inspiring trust does not necessarily involve a process of character-based self-projection. In the Aristotelian model, the rhetor stands as a signifier of ethos, with an ideology of individualism privileged, whereas Chinese rhetoric assumes a collectivist model in which ethos belongs, not to an individual or a text, but rather to culture and cultural tradition. This essay will be concentrating on the concept of Heaven, central to the cultural and institutional systems of early Chinese society, in an attempt to explore collective ethos as a function of cultural heritage. Heaven, it shall be argued, plays a key role in the creation of Chinese ethos. This essay will also contrast the logocentrism of Western rhetorical tradition with the ethnocentrism of Chinese tradition. The significance of Heaven in its role as a defining attribute of Chinese ethos is reflective of a unique cultural heritage shaped by a collective human desire in seeking a consciousness of unity with the universe. Just as there are historical, cultural, and philosophical reasons behind logocentrism in the West, so the ethnocentric turn of Chinese rhetoric should be appreciated in light of a cultural tradition that carries its own historical complexities and philosophical intricacies.

Process design and equipment selection for optimized steam and power concepts – the “zero” process steam sugar factory

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Boris Morgenroth ◽  
Thomas Stark ◽  
Julian Pelster ◽  
Harjeet Singh Bola
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Equipment Selection ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Steam Drying

Optimization of process steam requirement in order to maximize sugar recovery and export power along with manpower optimization is a must for sugar factories to survive under difficult conditions and to earn additional revenues. The process steam demand of greenfield and revamped plants has been reduced to levels of 32–38% from originally more than 50% steam on cane in the case of the brownfield plants. In addition, significant improvement in the power requirement of the plants has been achieved. Bagasse drying offers a good potential to improve the power export. Different available concepts are compared with a focus on bagasse steam drying and low temperature bagasse drying. In order to set up an optimized highly efficient plant or to optimize an existing plant to achieve competitive benchmarks, good process design and the right equipment selection are very important. Experience has been gained with multiple stage or double effect crystallization in the beet sugar industry offering further steam optimization potential. Vapour recompression is also an option to substitute live steam by electrical power. This even provides options to reduce the steam demand from the power plant for the sugar process down to zero. Key aspects concerning the process design and equipment selection are described.

scholarly journals 倫理學的辯護和支持: 放棄治療

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Zhizheng DU
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Incurable Disease ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Futile Treatment ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Society Today ◽  
Medical Situation

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.儘管醫學在飛速進步，但由於種種原因，放棄治療在臨床中有日益增多的趨勢。放棄治療是人們的一種理性選擇。合理的放棄治療是醫學人道主義在某種特殊情況下的理性表現。區分放棄治療的不同情況，正確界定放棄治療的範圍，合理選擇放棄治療的措施，確保不發生不應放棄治療的病人被放棄，在全過程中始終尊重病人的自主權，妥善處理對於是否放棄中的分岐，並維護病人的整體利益，是履行放棄治療中倫理學應予充分注意的問題。Many believe that giving up treatment always conflicts with physicians' duty and responsibility. However, although societies have achieved the rapid advancing of medical sciences and technologies, and although patients and families sometimes want to maintain life-sustaining interventions at any cost, renunciation of futile treatment remains an unavoidable issue facing physicians in their clinical practice. This is especially the case for Chinese society today. This paper argues that withdrawing life-sustaining therapy is not always opposite to moral requirement.Specifically, the paper explores the following important issues around the decision making of renouncing treatment. First, in what medical situation does the patient and the family's request for withdrawing treatment should be granted by the physician? this paper contents that a necessary condition must be that the patient suffers an incurable disease. Second, who has the right to make the decision of renouncing treatment? This paper argues that, in considerations of Chinese ethical and societal character, some practical measures should be establishes in Chinese society medical and moral consideration should all be balanced and integrated. Finally, in order to avoid unnecessary ambiguities and disputes, this paper suggests that legal and administrative procedures and guidelines should be adopted regarding the decision of renouncing treatment.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 31 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals SEGURIDAD Y JUSTICIA BAJO ACOSO EN TIEMPOS DE VIOLENCIA NEOLIBERAL: las respuestas de la policía comunitaria de guerrero

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The State ◽  
Community Police ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

La policía comunitaria es una institución de los pueblos indígenas de Guerrero conocida por su capacidad para enfrentar a la delincuencia y generar alternativas de paz social., através de un sistema de justicia y seguridad autónomo. En los últimos años, sin embargo, el sistema comunitario enfrenta el acoso de actores diversos vinculados al incremento de la violencia y la inseguridad que se vive en el país y especialmente en el estado de Guerrero; dicha situación está impactando a la institucionalidad comunitaria, obligando a su redefinición. En este trabajo destaco aspectos centrales de dicha conflictividad así como las respuestas que han dado los comunitarios para hacer frente a las tareas de justicia y seguridad en el marco de nuevos contextos marcados por el despojo neoliberal y la impunidad de actores estatales y no estatales. En este proceso se actualiza la relación de la policía comunitaria con el Estado revelando el peso de la ambigüedad legal y los juegos del poder así como los usos contra-hegemónicos del derecho para disputar la justicia. ---SEGURANÇA E JUSTIÇA SOB ACOSSO EM TEMPOS DE VIOLÊNCIA NEOLIBERAL: respostas do policiamento comunitário de GuerreroO policiamento comunitário é uma instituição dos Povos Indígenas do Guerrero conhecidos por sua capacidade de lidar com o crime e gerar paz social de forma alternativa, usando um sistema próprio de justiça e segurança. Nos últimos anos, no entanto, o sistema da UE enfrenta assédio de várias autoridades envolvidas no aumento da violência e da insegurança que reina no país e, especialmente, no estado de Guerrero; essa situação está afetando as instituições comunitárias, forçando a sua redefinição. Neste artigo, destaco os principais aspectos do conflito e as respostas que têm a comunidade para lidar com as tarefas da justiça e da segurança no contexto dos novos contextos marcados por pilhagem neoliberal e a impunidade de atores estatais e não estatais. Neste processo, a relação de policiamento comunitário com o estado é atualizada, revelando o peso da ambiguidade e dos jogos de poder legais, além de usos contra-hegemônicos do direito de disputar a justiça.Palavras-chave: violência neoliberal; Guerrero; comunidades indígenas---SECURITY AND JUSTICE UNDER HARASSMENT IN TIMES OF NEOLIBERAL VIOLENCE: responses of the Community Police of GuerreroThe community police is an institution of the Indigenous Peoples of Guerrero known for its ability to deal with crime and generate alternatives for social peace, using a system of justice and self security. In recent years, however, the EU system faces harassment from various people responsible for the increase of violence and insecurity within the country and especially in the state in Guerrero; this situation is impacting instituitions in the community, forcing their redefinition. In this paper I highlight key aspects of the conflict and the community's responses to deal with the tasks of justice and security in new contexts marked by neoliberal plunder and impunity of the state (as well as non state figures). In this process, the relationship of the community police with the state is updated revealing the weight of legal ambiguity and power plays, as well as counter-hegemonic use of the right to dispute justice.key words: neoliberal vilence; Guerrero; indigenous people.

Consumatori cinesi e cibo: tra tradizione millenaria e influenze culturali occidentali

2012 ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Teresa Del Giudice ◽  
Francesco Caracciolo ◽  
Gianni Cicia ◽  
Klaus G. Grunert ◽  
Athanasios Krystallis
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Chinese Tradition ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Ancient Chinese ◽  
Culinary Culture ◽  
Cultural Openness

China is one of the most dynamic economies of the planet. The dramatic economic development in recent decades has greatly influenced the structure and habits of Chinese society. This although still characterized by strong disparities between the poorer classes and the wealthy, shows a growing middle class and an increasingly high-income segment. These segments of society are, as expected, evolving from a cultural point of view beginning to incorporate into the ancient Chinese tradition elements of other cultures, most notably the Western one. As was the case for other new economies, especially the rich part of the population is showing an increasing inclination towards all aspects of Western culture. This opening is also affecting the food consumption habits, transforming the dynamic and vibrant Chinese market into a major destination for European food products. The following research by submitting a questionnaire to 500 Chinese consumers residents in metropolitan areas had a dual objective. The first involved the analysis of the propensity of consumers to enter into the ancient Chinese culinary culture food products from other countries. The second was represented by the attempt to segment consumers, depending on the degree of cultural openness towards non- Chinese food, using both socio-demographic and psychographic variables.

Attraction on TV: rules of communication game

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Irina N. Kemarskaya
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Simultaneous Presence ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Sergei Eisenstein ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Aspects

The essay analyzes the game nature of screen attraction - one of the most important tools of television dramaturgy. Attraction is examined, in the tradition established by Sergei Eisenstein and developed by Russian and foreign researchers, not just as entertainment but as a way of influencing audience perception. TV viewing is regarded as a special kind of game developing in accordance with the rules established by a programs format and repeated in this programs each new release. The key aspects relating classic TV communication to game are: voluntary selection and viewing of the programs; clearly marked place and time of occupation; a set of rules mandatory for a particular game; the feelings of joy and fun generated by the participation in TV viewing; immersion of the viewer in the "otherness" of the game and simultaneous presence in everyday life. The rules of communication game are accepted by all participants in the process: the makers of a TV product, the partakers and the audience. Voluntary way of program viewing is an indispensable condition for TV communication, and the attractions are its most active moments: they are designed to capture and keep the viewer's attention, and to evoke emotions associated with the pleasure produced by game. The essay explores the attraction-like nature of TV shows both as a content and as a set of the signs, as a way of the functioning of the audiovisual language. The variability of the TV spectacle is investigated as the phenomenon of postmodern aesthetics, as an aesthetic merit rather than an immanent disadvantage a priori depriving TV products of the right to uniqueness.

scholarly journals PROTECTING PRIVATE PROPERTY IN CHINA - WHOSE PROPERTY?

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
The Core ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Modern Chinese History ◽  
Core Value ◽  
The Right

The importance of protecting private property in China has now ascended to the same level as that of safeguarding public assets which has traditionally been a top priority for socialist nations. This article will firstly and heavily expound on the rationale behind the availability and at certain times the marginalisation of protecting private property de jure and de facto during some momentous stages in modern Chinese history. It will then touch on a lingering problem relevant to today’s Chinese society arising from the drainage of state assets, a phenomenon having occurred in the transformation process of China’s economic regimes over the most recent decades. It finally argues that while protecting the right to lawful private property is not a matter in dispute, pursuing the protection of private property shall in no way lead to the weakening of sticking to the core value of justice and egalitarianism, a key to ensuring a sound socialist institution.

scholarly journals Code-Mixing as a Promotion Strategy in Shopping Centres

2018 ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Novia Sophia Sophia
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Discourse Practices ◽  
Class Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
Communicative Strategy ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

The aim of this study is to investigate the goals of Code-Switching and Code-Mixing and how it is used in a communicative strategy among the stand banners in Lombok Epicentrum Mall (LEM). Data were collected by documenting with pictures of stand banners at several outlets in LEM. The method used in analyzing the data is qualitative in approach by identifying, classifying, describing and explaining the code-switching and the code mixing data in the corpus and how they have been used to promote the products sold at the stores. The result shows that the purposes of using Code-Switching and Code-Mixing as a communication strategy in their promotion and it also shows that code mixing is more dominant than code switching. The advertisers mix-match the languages that they use with English and Bahasa Indonesia because they assume that these practices are the right ones and matching Indonesian words into English makes it sound cooler instead of using Bahasa Indonesia. This indicates that English signifies a high culture and class status while Indonesian is inferior in status. In fact, being commonly used in numerous stand banners for a long period of time, the mixing use of Indonesian and English as well as matching the sounds in the languages have been very common and accepted in Indonesian discourse practices. Therefore, the implication that they communicate their business strategy of promotion their products by using CS and CM is to inform and attract the customers that they are in a higher level or class, thus, it acquires them to communicate or promoted like so.

scholarly journals Visibility in the digital age: Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Brantner ◽  
Helena Stehle
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality ◽  
Scientific Debates

In the digital age, calls for transparency and openness as well as for privacy and confidentiality prevail: Struggles for visibility occur simultaneously with conflicts regarding invisibility and hidden battles for power and privileges of interpretation. Concerns about a loss of digital self-determination exist, just like those regarding the “right to be forgotten” or the right to become invisible and unseen. While the idea of a “transparent user” – as the ultimate notion of (in)voluntary visibility – has caused a broad outcry in society and in scientific debates a few years ago (Palfrey & Gasser, 2008), the discussion has shifted toward considerations of Internet governance and regulation (Camenisch, Fischer-Hübner, & Hansen, 2015). Brighenti (2010, p. 109) has pointed out that visibility has long been one of the key aspects “associated with the public sphere” and that in today’s digitized publics, the “project of democracy can no longer be imagined without taking into account visibility and its outcomes” (Brighenti, 2010, p. 189). Visibility and invisibility, along with their societal outcomes, are increasingly being discussed and analyzed, as they are becoming important dimensions in the accurate description and explanation of digital communication.

scholarly journals Heuristic Potential of Sammy Smooha Ethnic Democracy Concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (68) ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Vladimir Dubrovin ◽  
Yulia Solovarova ◽  
Aigul Zaripova ◽  
Aidar Zakirov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
National Development ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Conditions Of Stability ◽  
Ethnic Nation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Aspects

The article next to the hermeneutic methodology examines the key aspects of a special model of political regime: the "ethnic democracy" of S. Smooha, which is based on the idea of the development of an ethnic nation in a state. According to this author's point of view, the main idea of this form of stability is the absolute control of the ethnic majority over the minority. It examines the reasons for the emergence of "ethnic democracy", the characteristics of its implementation in practice and the conditions of stability. When this model is implemented in practice, the State pursues the objective of central ethnic-national development in the country, as well as its isolation from other ethnic groups. Under the concept of "ethnic democracy" the ethnic minority is granted limited rights, the state constantly monitors its scope, considering the interests of the "main" nation. It is concluded that the implementation of the "ethnic democracy" model deliberately violates the right to self-identification of a part of the population (ethnic minority), therefore "ethnic democracy" is an element of state policy that addresses inequality or a desire for total assimilation.

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