Flourishing The Higher Education in Pakistan: An Exploratory Analysis of The Role of Higher Education Commission (HEC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Bashir Khan Khan ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Ahmad Nawaz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Education Commission ◽  
Teaching Faculty ◽  
Public And Private Sector

The paramount aim of the underlying study is to explore the efficacy of the Higher Education Commission (HEC) through evaluating the effectiveness of the key initiatives which have been taken by the HEC to flourish the higher education and research environment in Pakistan. Using exploratory analysis, the study unleashes that the higher education and research culture has improved since 2002 owing to the HEC’s effective initiatives. These include, but are not limited to, increasing the capacity of in-service teaching faculty, induction of PhD faculty in public and private sector universities, award of indigenous and foreign scholarships, and provision of research grants, all of which had a positive influence on higher education through capacity building. A commendable increase in the number of universities along with the induction of highly qualified faculty has been witnessed, specifically the induction of indigenously produced PhDs. Apart from these, the HEC has played an instrumental role in helping to improve the gender parity by 45% in education sector. Moreover, in order to trace out what problems the HEC has been facing to implement its reforms, we conducted KIIs to the HEC officials who have been remained the part of policy implementation. The KIIs discloses that the deteriorating budgetary allocation, less cooperation from public sector universities, and questioning the HEC’s autonomy are the major challenges among others to the HEC in promoting an effective and inclusive higher education in Pakistan. The KIIs suggest that the autonomy of the HEC should not be compromised, and the liaison between universities and the HEC should be increased.

General Prospects and Contending Issues in Malaysian ICT Policy

2014 ◽  
pp. 230-249
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Digital Gap ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Trade And Investment

Malaysia was one of the early adopters of Internet technology to steer innovation policy in a direction that is making the country become a knowledge-based economy. This notion of knowledge-based economy driven by ICT is best exemplified by the borderless connectivity, interactivity, and networking. Since the middle of 1990s, there have been gradual but systematic public and private sector initiatives towards ICT agenda with the prominent role of the state. This chapter aims to unpack ICT developments and examine the implications of the post-MSC formation for Malaysia and its associated issues and challenges. Second, the discussion provides an overview of MSC performance and its importance for enhancing growth, trade, and investment; reducing the digital gap; nurturing innovation; and achieving more inclusive societies. Third, some issues and challenges in MSC development are also highlighted.

Business Graduate Market Value

2014 ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
Diana Bank
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Working World

This chapter discusses the purpose and role of higher education institutions in the creation of highly qualified human resources for the globalized 21st century. As technology and societies change and evolve, universities must adapt and modify their offerings to students who need to be more marketable in an ever more competitive marketplace. As economic conditions have propelled emerging economies as the main engines of growth for the next decades, it is imperative the higher education institutions in the form of business schools, both in developed and emerging markets, create the necessary background and educational opportunities for young students entering the working world. These will include skills in intercultural communication and strategy, as well as new and different ways of negotiating between countries and among companies.

The Relationship between Disability Non-Discrimination Law and Quota Schemes

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-117
Author(s):  
Lisa Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the relationship between disability quota schemes and non-discrimination law in Europe. While at first sight they seem to sit uneasily beside each other, the chapter reveals how, in some instances, quota schemes can serve to facilitate compliance with non-discrimination legislation. At the same time, the chapter explores seeming incompatibilities between the two approaches and considers whether there are differences between common and civil law jurisdictions in this respect. Tentative conclusions suggest that there is a greater willingness to establish quota schemes through legislation in civil law jurisdictions compared to common law jurisdictions, and that quota schemes in civil law jurisdictions are more likely to provide for the imposition of a levy in the case that employers fail to meet their quota obligations through employing the required number of people with disabilities. There also seems to be some indication that there is greater awareness of the potential for conflict or tension, in various forms, between non-discrimination law and quota schemes in common law jurisdictions than in civil law jurisdictions. Finally, the two schemes operating in the common law states are only applicable to the public sector—whilst in civil law states quotas are generally applied to both public and private sector employers. This may indicate different perceptions regarding the role of public sector employers and the legitimacy of imposing quota requirements.

Role of Urban Big Data in Travel Behavior Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812097502
Author(s):  
Chihuangji Wang ◽  
Daniel Baldwin Hess
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Location Based Service ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public And Private Sector ◽  
Data Analytic

Understanding urban travel behavior (TB) is critical for advancing urban transportation planning practice and scholarship; however, traditional survey data is expensive (because of labor costs) and error-prone. With advances in data collection techniques and data analytic approaches, urban big data (UBD) is currently generated at an unprecedented scale in relation to volume, variety, and speed, producing new possibilities for applying UBD for TB research. A review of more than 50 scholarly articles confirms the remarkable and expanding role of UBD in TB research and its advantages over traditional survey data. Using this body of published work, a typology is developed of four key types of UBD—social media, GPS log, mobile phone/location-based service, and smart card—focusing on the features and applications of each type in the context of TB research. This paper discusses in significant detail the opportunities and challenges in the use of UBD from three perspectives: conceptual, methodological, and political. The paper concludes with recommendations for researchers to develop data science knowledge and programming skills for analysis of UBD, for public and private sector agencies to cooperate on the collection and sharing of UBD, and for legislators to enforce data security and confidentiality. UBD offers both researchers and practitioners opportunities to capture urban phenomena and deepen knowledge about the TB of individuals.

The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy and Leadership in Pygmalion Perception of the Workers

2020 ◽  
pp. 384-410
Author(s):  
Eray Ekin Sezgin ◽  
Muhammet Düşükcan
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Mediator Role ◽  
Public And Private Sector

The main objective of the chapter was to examine the effect on the motivations of Pygmalion perception of health workers working in public-private hospitals operating in TRB1 region (Elazığ, Malatya, Tunceli, and Bingöl) and to analyze the mediator role of self-efficacy and leadership in this effect. For this purpose, employees of all public and private sector hospitals in the region were accepted as main mass and data was collected. A total of 12,939 health workers are employed in these hospitals. The sample of the study consisted of 414 health workers. In this study, the quantitative research method has been used and data was obtained through a face-to-face survey technique. The main analyses used in this study were descriptive statistics, validity and reliability, regression and mediating role analyzes. Pygmalion perception can be effective at a rate of 11% on motivation (r = 0.329; r2 = 0.108; p<0.001). In addition, it was found that leadership and self-efficacy had a partial mediating role in the effect of Pygmalion perception on motivation.

Funding higher education through waqf: a lesson from Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Asmak Ab Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Government

Purpose This paper aims to study waqf practice in Pakistan with regard to its utilisation in funding for higher educational institutions (HEIs) and investigates waqf raising, waqf management and waqf income utilisation. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on the views of 11 participants who are actively involved in the waqf, its raising, management and income utilisation, and is divided into three subcategories: personnel of higher educational waqf institution, personnel of waqf regulatory bodies and Shari’ah and legal experts as well as archival records, documents and library sources. Findings In Pakistan, both public and private awqaf are existing, but the role of private awqaf is greater in higher education funding. However, due to lack of legal supervision private awqaf is considered as a part of the not-for-profit sector and legitimately registered as a society, foundation, trust or a private limited company. Waqf in Pakistan is more focusing on internal financial sources and waqf income. In terms of waqf management, they have firm guidelines for investing in real estate, the Islamic financial sector and various halal businesses. Waqf uses the income for developmental and operational expenditure, and supports academic activities for students and staff. Waqfs are also supporting some other HEIs and research agencies. Thus, it can be revealed that a waqf can cater a sufficient amount for funding higher educational institutions. Research limitations/implications In Pakistan, both public and private awqaf are equally serving society in different sectors, but the role of private awqaf is much greater in funding higher education. Nevertheless, the government treats private awqaf as a part of not-for-profit sector in the absence of a specific legal framework and registers such organisations as society, foundation, trust or private limited company. The waqf in Pakistan mostly relies on internal financial resources and income from waqf assets. As the waqf managers have over the time evolved firm guidelines for investment in real estate, Islamic financial sector and various other halal businesses, and utilisation of waqf income on developmental and operational expenditures, academic activities of students and educational staff, other HEIs and research agencies, it can be proved that the waqf can potentially generate sufficient amount for funding HEIs. Practical implications The study presents the waqf as a social finance institution and the best alternative fiscal instrument for funding works of public good, including higher education, with the help of three selected waqf cases. Hence, the paper’s findings offer some generalisations, both for the ummah at large and Pakistan. Social implications The paper makes several policy recommendations for policymakers, legislators and academicians, especially the government. As an Islamic social finance institution, the waqf can help finance higher education anywhere around the world in view of the fact that most countries grapple with huge fiscal deficits and are hence financially constrained to meet growing needs of HEIs. Originality/value The study confirms that the waqf can be an alternative source for funding higher education institutions whether it is managed by the government or is privately controlled.

scholarly journals Financing Education Hubs: Who Invests?

2015 ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Jane Knight
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
International Education ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
International Higher Education ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Private Financing ◽  
Financing Education

International Education Hubs require major investments to attract and retain local and international higher education institutions, training organizations, students, research and development centres, and knowledge industries. This article examines the role of public and private financing from local and foreign investors in establishing countries such as Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Malaysia as education hubs.

Social media recruitment: the role of credibility and satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-251
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Muduli ◽  
Jeegnesh J. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Media Richness Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sense Of Satisfaction ◽  
Public And Private Sector

PurposeThe increased popularity of social media has been prompting the recruitment managers to use social media recruitment. Very little has been studied on the effectiveness of social media recruitment from the recruiter's perspective. Influenced by the diffusion of innovation theory, the study measures the usefulness of social media recruitment through various prehire and posthire recruitment outcomes. The study also used the media richness theory to examine the role of credibility and satisfaction as a mediating variable.Design/methodology/approachData has been collected from the recruiters in the public and private sector of India. Available literature is studied to develop survey instrument validated through experts from industry and academia. Pilot study was conducted to test for any construct weaknesses. Data is analyzed using AMOS.FindingsThe study result proved that social media recruitment is significantly related to both prehire outcomes and posthire outcomes. The result also proved the mediating effect of credibility and satisfaction and suggests recruitment practitioner to emphasize on disseminating credible, relevant and sufficient information through suitable communication mode.Practical implicationsHR professional to be careful about the information provided through a social media recruitment method. Practitioner to establish credibility of the information to create a sense of satisfaction by the applicants toward the information. Thus, as the information becomes more credible, the attraction to the organization also increases, which in turn results in more applicants applying for the job.Originality/valueThis is the first quantitative study to examine effectiveness of social media recruitment under the influence of mediator – credibility and satisfaction considering the data from the recruiters.

Health Technologies for the Developing World: Addressing the Unmet Needs

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Free
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Private Sector Organizations ◽  
Public And Private Sector

AbstractThis paper provides a critical overview of several strategies and mechanisms that have been employed by the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health over the past decade to address the unmet needs for health technologies in the developing world. Partnerships between public and private-sector organizations are emphasized in order to share risks, encourage efficiency, and ensure the availability of priority products for health care in resource-poor settings. Incentives for the involvement of the commercial sector, the means to protect the interest of the public sector, and the role of bridging organizations are discussed in the light of the shifting goals of the public sector.

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