scholarly journals Hubungan Karakteristik Perawat Dengan Pelaksana Asuhan Keperawatan Spiritual Islami Di Ruang Inap Dewasa Rumah Sakit Kabupaten Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Inggriane Dewi ◽  
Rahmat Sastro ◽  
Suryadi Alamsyah

Kesenjangan antara pemenuhan kebutuhan spiritual oleh perawat dengan yang diterima oleh pasien rawat inap dewasa di rumah sakit Kabupaten Bandung ini mendorong sebuah penelitian dengan tujuan menganalisis implementasi asuhan keperawatan spiritual muslim di ruang rawat inap dewasa. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelatif, dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah semua perawat pelaksana yang melakukan tindakan langsung kepada pasien yaitu sebanyak 39 orang dan pasien yang telah dirawat di ruangan ≥ 3 hari. Teknik pengambilan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner bagi perawat dan pasien, selain itu peneliti melakukan observasi terhadap dokumentasi asuhan spiritual Islami yang telah dilakukan perawat serta wawancara pada perawat.Hasil penelitian menunjukan pelaksanaan spiritual care Islami di ruang rawat inap dewasa ini, sebagian besar belum terlaksana (53%), data didukung oleh pernyataan pasien (68%) mengatakan kurang mendapatkan asuhan spiritual dari perawat serta aspek pendokumentasian yang kurang (33%) untuk pengkajian dan penegakan diagnosa keperawatan, sementara untuk perencanaan, implementasi dan evaluasi 100% tidak terdokumentasi. Terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin, pelatihan dan lama kerjaperawat  dengan pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan spiritual Islami (nilai P = 0,000) dan terdapat hubungan jenis kelamin dan lama kerja perawat dengan pendokumentasian asuhan keperawatan spiritual Islami dengan (nilai P 0,000).Kata kunci                : asuhan keperawatan spiritual islami; perawat; dokumentasiTHE CORRELATION BETWEEN NURSE CHARACTERISTICS AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ISLAMIC SPIRITUAL NURSING CARE IN ADULT WARD OF BANDUNG DISTRICT HOSPITAL Abstract  The gap between the fulfillment of spiritual needs by nurses and those received by adult inpatients room at Bandung Regency hospital encourages a study with the aim of analyzing the implementation of Muslim spiritual nursing care in adult inpatients. The research design used in this study was descriptive correlative, with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study were all nurses who took direct action on the patient, as many as 39 people and patients who had been treated in the room ≥ 3 days. The data collection technique used a questionnaire for nurses and patients. In addition, the researcher made observations on the documentation of Islamic spiritual care that had been carried out by nurses and interviews with nurses. The results of the study show that the implementation of Islamic spiritual care in inpatient rooms today has not largely been implemented (53%), the data is supported by statements of patients (68%) saying they do not get spiritual care from nurses and lack of documentation (33%) for assessment and enforcement of nursing diagnoses, while for planning, implementation and evaluation they are 100% undocumented. There is a relationship between gender, training experience and length of work of nurses with the implementation of Islamic spiritual nursing care (value P = 0.000) and there is a relationship between gender and length of work of nurses with documentation of Islamic spiritual nursing care with (P value 0,000).. Keywords: islamicspiritual nursing care;nurse; documentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Eva Kartika Hasibuan ◽  
Masri Saragih

Effective leadership is required by the head of the room to create a good performance on nurses to achieve the purpose of the room is provide good and quality health serviceThis study aims to determine the effective leadership of head room with the performance of nurses in nursing care at RSU. Sari Mutiara Lubuk Pakam. Researchers used descriptive research method correlation with cross-sectional approach. The population in this study nurse who was on duty in the inpatient unit RSU. Sari Mutiara Lubuk Pakam totaling 55 people. The sample in this study used a total sampling technique with 55 respondents. The data collection technique using a questionnaire given to respondents. The results of this study are analyzed in univariate effective leadership of head room (81.8%) with sufficient performance of nurses (50.9%). After bivariate analysis with chi-square test showed that there is a relationship effective leadership of head room with the performance of nurses (p-value = 0.003). This study recommends that the head of the room more attention to implementation of the tasks of nursing care by nurses, as well as providing support in working order, the better the performance of nurses.   Kepemimpinan efektif diperlukan oleh kepala ruangan dalam menciptakan kinerja yang baik pada perawat pelaksana untuk mencapai tujuan ruangan yaitu memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang baik dan berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepemimpinan efektif kepala ruangan dengan kinerja perawat dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan di RSU. Sari Mutiara Lubuk Pakam. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh perawat pelaksana yang sedang bertugas RSU Sari Mutiara Lubuk Pakam berjumlah 55  responden. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 55. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner yang  diberikan kepada responden. Uji statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini dianalisis secara univariat yaitu kepemimpinan kepala ruangan efektif (81,8%) dengan kinerja perawat cukup (50,9%). Setelah dilakukan analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square didapatkan hasil yaitu ada hubungan kepemimpinan efektif kepala ruangan dengan kinerja perawat (p-value=0,003). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar kepala ruangan lebih memperhatikan pelaksanaan tugas asuhan keperawatan oleh perawat, serta memberikan dukungan dalam bekerja agar kinerja perawat semakin baik.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Yuke Kiran ◽  
Umi Sri Puspita Dewi

ABSTRAK Pengetahuan dan sikap perawat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan psikologis dan spiritual klien terminal penting dikuasai oleh perawat dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan. Kebutuhan klien pada stadium lanjut suatu penyakit, tidak hanya memerlukan perawatan secara fisik saja, tetapi memerlukan juga dukungan tentang kebutuhan psikologis dan spiritual. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap perawat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan psikologis dan spiritual pada klien terminal. Metode penelitian  yang digunakan deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan  cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perawat pelaksana di Ruang III, Ruang X, Ruang XIII, dan ICU Rumah Sakit Tingkat II Dustira dengan sampel berjumlah 70 perawat. Teknik yang digunakan adalah total sampling.Terdapat dua variable yaitu pengetahuan dan sikap perawat. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil uji validitas dan reliabilitas didapatkan 34 item valid. Analisis data dibagi menjadi dua tahapan, yaitu 1)univariat untuk melihat distribusi frekuensi; dan 2) bivariat untuk melihat hubungan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa hampir setengah responden (42,9 %) berpengetahuan baik, hampir setengah responden (41,4 %) berpengetahuan cukup, dan sebagian kecil responden (15,7 %) berpengetahuan kurang. Sebagian besar responden (61,4 %) memiliki sikap  yang mendukung dan hampir setengahnya responden (38,6 %) memiliki sikap  yang tidak mendukung. Hasil chi-square test diperoleh  p- value 0,798 > α 0,05 yang berarti tidak terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap perawat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan psikologis dan spiritual. Bagi perawat diharapkan dapat memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang optimal kepada klien dengan penyakit terminal terutama dalam hal psikologis dan spiritual dengan cara melibatkan keluarga. Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, perawat bisa mengikuti in service training atau seminar minimal sebanyak 3 kali.  ABSTRACT Knowledge and attitudes of nurses to meet the psychological and spiritual needs of the client important terminal controlled by nurses in providing nursing care. The client needs at an advanced stage of disease, treatment requires not only physically alone, but requires also the support of the needs psychological and spiritual. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitude of nurses to meet the psychological and spiritual needs of the clients of the research terminal. This study uses descriptive correlation with a cross-sectional approach in this study are all nurses in Space III, Space X, XIII space, and ICU Hospital Level II Dustira with the sample amounted to 70 nurses.Tehnik used is total sampling.Terdapat two variables, namely knowledge and the attitude of nurses. Methods of data collection using the questionnaire. Validity and reliability of test results obtained 34 valid items. Analysis of the data is divided into two stages, namely to see the univariate and bivariate frequency distribution to see the connection. The research found that nearly half of respondents (42.9%) knowledgeable good, almost half of respondents (41.4%) knowledgeable enough, and a small proportion of respondents (15.7%) less knowledgeable. Most respondents (61.4%) have a supportive attitude and almost half of the respondents (38.6%) had the attitude that does not support. Chi-square result test was obtained p-value 0.798> α 0.05, which means there is no correlation between knowledge and attitude of nurses in psychological and spiritual needs. For nurses is expected to provide optimum nursing care to clients with terminal illnesses, especially in terms of psychological and spiritual in a way involving family. To improve knowledge, nurses can follow in-service training or seminar training at least 3 times.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Andoko Andoko ◽  
Intan Putri

ABSTRACT Background: The quality of nursing care given by a nurse can be measured by making an evaluation system known as performance assessment. There are three factors influencing performance, they are individual factor, organizational factor and psychological factor. The aspects of organizational factor are supervision and infrastructure.Purpose: This study scrutinized the effect of supervision and infrastructure towards nurse performance at care wards of A Dadi Tjokrodipo Hospital of Bandar Lampung in 2019.Methods: This is a quantitative study with cross sectional approach. The population of this study is the whole nurse in charge at A Dadi Tjokrodipo Hospital of Bandar Lampung amounting to 46 people. The respondents are 46 people. The data collection technique was conducted by using questionnaire. The statistical test was done with chi square.Results: Frequency distribution of respondents stated good supervision as many as 24 respondents (52.2%), respondents stated good infrastructure as many as 26 respondents (56.5%), respondents stated good performance as many as 27 respondents (58.7%). There is an influence of supervision with nurse performance (p value 0.041. OR 4.3). There is the influence of facilities and nurse performance (p value 0.002. OR 9.8) in the Inpatient Room of RSUD A Dadi Tjokrodipo Bandar Lampung.Conclusion:  There is an influence of supervision and facilities with nurse performance. Suggestions on research to nursing care institutions in hospitals through the field of nursing in collaboration with the hospital management to develop their careers by continuing their education and enhancing nursing experience and motivating Nurse's performance is always good. Keywords: infrastructure, supervision, nurse performance Pendahuluan: Kualitas pelayanan keperawatan yang diberikan oleh perawat dapat diketahui melalui suatu evaluasi yaitu penilaian kinerja. Terdapat tiga faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja, yaitu faktor individu, faktor organisasi dan faktor psikologi. Salah satunya faktor organisasi adalah supervisi dan sarana prasarana.Tujuan: diketahui pengaruh antara sarana prasarana dan supervisi dengan kinerja perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap RSUD A Dadi Tjokrodipo Bandar Lampung Tahun 2019.Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif, menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh perawat pelaksana di RSUD A Dadi Tjokrodipo Bandar Lampung sejumlah 46 orang. Sampel 46 responden. Tehnik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan  menggunakan kuesioner. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Chi Square.Hasil: menunjukkan Distribusi frekuensi  responden menyatakan supervisi baik yaitu sebanyak 24 responden (52,2%), sarana prasarana baik yaitu sebanyak 26 responden (56,5%), kinerja baik yaitu sebanyak 27 responden (58,7%). Ada pengaruh supervisi dengan kinerja perawat (p value 0,041. OR 4,3).  Ada pengaruh sarana prasarana dengan kinerja perawat (p value 0,002. OR 9,8).  Kesimpulan: ada pengaruh supervisi dan sarana prasarana dengan kinerja perawat. Saran pada penelitian kepada Institusi pelayanan keperawatan agar terus mengembangkan kariernya dengan melanjutkan pendidikan dan meningkatkan pengalaman tentang keperawatan serta memotivasi agar kinerja perawat tetap selalu baik. Kata Kunci        : Sarana Prasarana, Supervisi, Kinerja Perawat


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Inggriane Puspita Dewi ◽  
Dewi Mustikaningsih

Introduction: The supervision model commonly applied in nursing is the 4S model, namely the Structure, Skill, Support and Sustainability (4S) stages. This supervision model can be applied by the head of the room and the head of the shift as a supervisor in overseeing the implementation of Islamic spiritual nursing care in adult inpatient rooms. Purpose: to analyze the relationship between the role of the 4S supervisor model and the implementation of Islamic spiritual nursing care in adult inpatient rooms. Methods: the study used a cross sectional method. The sampling technique with a proportionate stratified random sampling was 62 nurses. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate analysis with Spearman test, and multivariate with logistic regression. Results: showed the role of the 4S supervisor model was good (88.7%), the implementation of Islamic nursing care was good category (52%), there was a relationship between the role of model supervision 4S with the implementation of Islamic spiritual care, with a significance value of <0.0001 and the strongest relationship between the 4S model and the implementation of Islamic spiritual care is the variable skill and sustainability, seen from the significance value for skills of 0.05 (Pvalue ≤0.05), and sustainability of 0.01 (Pvalue ≤0.05). The strength of the relationship is seen based on the OR [EXP {B}] value, respectively, skill (0.194) and sustainability (0.109). Discussion: The probability of nurses implementing Islamic nursing care well is 90% if they provide Islamic spiritual nursing care skills and continuous supervision by the hospital supervisor. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ali H. Abusafia ◽  
Zakira Mamat ◽  
Nur Syahmina Rasudin ◽  
Mujahid Bakar ◽  
Rohani Ismail

Background: Perceptions and levels of understanding of spiritual care vary among nurses, which may affect their competency to meet the patient’s spiritual needs. Therefore, determining nurses' perception of spiritual care is the first important step in addressing the spiritual needs of patients, and may also help nursing management in developing spiritual care education and training programs.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the competence of Malaysian nurses toward providing spiritual care and identify the relationship between nurses’ spiritual care competence and their sociodemographic factors. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design to assess nurses' competence in spiritual care by using a simple random sampling method which involved 271 staff nurses from a public hospital in Northeast of Peninsular Malaysia. Spiritual care competence scale in Bahasa Malaysia version was used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using descriptive (frequency, percent, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (Chi-square and Pearson’s correlation test) statistics.Results: This study showed that 69.7% of staff nurses had an average level of competence toward providing spiritual care for the patients (M=95.44, SD=4.34). The highest mean difference among the domains was personal support and patients counseling (MD=5.789), while the lowest mean difference was assessment and implementation of spiritual care (MD=1.258). Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between spiritual care competence and sociodemographic factors (gender, age, marital status, educational level, nurses' experience, race, religion, and previous participation in training spiritual care programs).Conclusion: The majority of nurses have an average level of competence toward providing spiritual care. There is no significant relationship between nurses’ spiritual care competence and sociodemographic factors.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Ni Made Kristina Meikayanti ◽  
Ni Made Ari Sukmandari ◽  
Si Putu Agung Ayu Pertiwi Dewi

<p><em>Therapeutic communication is carried out in every nursing care delivery. Through good communication between nurse and patient or patient's family, a trusting relationship can be developed. Thus, the treatment provided can be received optimally which can affect patient satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nurse therapeutic communication and patient satisfaction. The measuring instruments used in this study were nurse therapeutic communication and patient satisfaction questionnaires that had been tested for its validity and reliability. The design of this research was a descriptive analytic correlation using cross sectional design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with 67 respondents. The research data were analyzed using the chi square correlation test. The results of this study indicated that 53.7% nurses had good therapeutic communication and 55.2% patients were satisfied. Chi square test revealed p value 0.001 with a confidence level of 95%. It is concluded that there was a relationship between nurse therapeutic communication and patient satisfaction at the Regional General Hospital of Tabanan Regency. It is hoped that nurses' therapeutic communication can be improved and applied in nursing care, and further explore factors that can improve the nurses’ therapeutic communication skills to increse patient satisfaction.</em></p><p> </p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA </strong>Komunikasi terapeutik dilaksanakan pada setiap pemberian asuhan keperawatan. Melalui komunikasi yang baik antara perawat dan pasien atau keluarga pasien dapat membangun hubungan saling percaya antara perawat dengan pasien. Sehingga perawatan yang diberikan dapat diterima dengan optimal dan dapat memengaruhi kepuasan pasien. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan komunikasi terapeutik perawat dengan kepuasan pasien. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuisioner komunikasi terapeutik perawat dan kuisioner kepuasaan pasien yang telah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas sebelumnya. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik korelasi dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 67 responden. Data penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi chi square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 53,7% perawat melakukan komunikasi terapeutikyang baik dan 55,2% pasien merasa puas. Hasil uji chi square didapatkan p value 0,001 dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan komunikasi terapeutik perawat dengan kepuasan pasien di Badan Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Tabanan. Komunikasi terapeutik perawat diharapkan dapat ditingkatkan dan diterapkan dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan, dan peneliti selanjutnya dapat menemukan faktor-faktor lain yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi terapeutik perawat sehingga kepuasan pasien dapat lebih meningkat.</p><p> </p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Juli Widiyanto ◽  
Supryati Zebua

Posyandu is useful for empowering the community and providing easy access to basic health services. The purpose of this study was to determine external factors related to maternal interest in visiting posyandu (a study in the village of Labuh Baru timur). This type of research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study approach design, namely data collection and results are carried out at one time, the data collection technique is carried out using stratified random sampling where the sample of this study is some of the mothers who have children under five in the village area. Labuh Baru Timur. The instruments used in data collection were questionnaires and analysis used univariate and bivariate with the help of the SPSS Version 16.0 program. The results of research conducted by researchers from March to April 2020 with the title of external factors related to maternal interest in visiting posyandu show that there is no relationship between distance to posyandu, family support, and posyandu service services with maternal interest in visiting posyandu which is proven by p-value> 0.05, which is arranged in sequence 0.931 and OR 1, 046; 0.945 and OR 0.959; 0.768 and OR 0.842. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is no relationship between distance to posyandu, family support, and posyandu services with mothers' interest in visiting posyandu. It is hoped that mothers in East Labuh Baru Village can further increase visits to posyandu in order to improve the health and development of toddlers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Nurmeyda Lentina ◽  
Risa Etika ◽  
Dwi Izzati Budiono

 AbstractBackground: The practice of breastfeeding in Indonesia is not 100% carried out. The data stated that in 2017 children aged <6 months who were exclusively breastfed were around 52%. This figure is considered low and below the national target (80%). One of the important key holders of successful breastfeeding is the mother's readiness to breastfeed. Mothers can prepare starting from knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. In order to be able to carry out mature exclusive breastfeeding, preparation for lactation since pregnancy is an important factor. Considering that the mother's readiness is still low, it is important to conduct research on this readiness factor. This study aims to analyze the effect of mother's readiness on breastfeeding success. Methods: This research uses analytical observational with cross sectional approach. The sample used was 100 babies according to the specified criteria. The data collection technique was done by filling out online questionnaires. The data were then analyzed using the Chi Square test. Results:  This study shows the effect of mothers readiness with breastfeeding success which obtained a p value of 0.045. the results of the chi square test showed that mother’s readiness = 0.045 (α < 0,05), mother’s knowledge = 0.005 (α < 0,05) and lactation preparation = 0.19 (α < 0,05). Conclusion: These data indicate that there is an influence of mother's readiness on breastfeeding success. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Raden Surahmat ◽  
Meilisa Dwiyanti ◽  
Mareta Akhriansyah ◽  
Amalia Amalia

Background: Not maximally documenting nursing care will have an impact on the quality of nursing services. Methods: This study aims to determine what factors are associated with the implementation of nursing care documentation using quantitative methods, using a cross sectional approach, with a sample of 71 respondents. Results: From the results of this study obtained from 71 respondents whose early adulthood were 38 people (53.5%), female gender were 41 people (57.7%), professional education 36 people (50.7%), work period ≥2 years totaling 51 people (71.8%), good knowledge 50 people (70.4%), light workload 43 people (60.6%), implementation of good nursing documentation 46 people (64.8%), the results of bivariate analysis obtained age p value 0.003, gender ρ value = 0.041, education ρ value = 0.057, tenure ρ value = 0.012, knowledge ρ value = 0.001, workload ρ value = 0.018. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the age with early and late adulthood has a different mindset in work, while the implementation of documenting nursing care between men and women has its own way of differences in roles and responsibilities, with a high level of education with experience. good knowledge is obtained


2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-409
Author(s):  
Ahmad Salem Musa ◽  
Mohammad Ibrahim Al Qadire ◽  
Ma'en Aljezawi ◽  
Loai I. Tawalbeh ◽  
Sami Aloush ◽  
...  

Background and PurposeSpiritual care is an essential part of holistic patient care but is provided infrequently in practice. There is a paucity of research investigating the barriers to the provision of spiritual care among Jordanian nurses. The main purpose of this cross-sectional, correlational study was to identify these barriers and to explore the associations with nurses' personal and professional characteristics. A secondary purpose was to examine the psychometric properties of a newlydeveloped spiritual care barriers instrument.MethodsWe surveyed a convenience sample of Jordanian nurses (N = 282). Participants completed both the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) and the Spiritual Care Barriers Scale (SCBS). We conducted an exploratory factor analysis to examine the internal structure of the SCBS, and internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha.ResultsThe most common perceived barriers were lack of private places (82.3%), absence of an imam (79.8%), insufficient time (78.8%), inadequate skills and competencies (73.7%), lack ofreligious and spiritual facilities and resources in the hospital (71.3%), and insufficient knowledge (71.3%). Nurses' personal spiritual and existential well-being were negatively associated with spiritual care barriers. Head nurses and supervisors reported lower mean scores on perceived barriers than did associate nurses. The SCBS exhibited acceptable evidence of internal consistency and validity.Implications for PracticeThe findings help Jordanian nurse decision makers in practice and education to overcome barriers to the provision of spiritual care to better meet the spiritual needs of Muslim patients.


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