scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Gulma Siam (Chromolaena odarata L.) Sebagai Adsorben Logam Timbal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Erni Mohamad ◽  
Intan J. Oputu ◽  
Julhim S. Tangio
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Carbon Quality ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Optimum Heating ◽  
Time Required

This study aims to utilize (Chromolaena odorata L) as a metal adsorbent. The methods used to make activated charcoal are dehydration, carbonization, and activation. The activated carbon is then characterized to obtain activated charcoal that can be applied, then optimized. The results of activated carbon characterization obtained have reached the activated carbon quality requirements based on the Indonesian Industry Standard (SII No. 0258-88). Based on the adsorption test, the optimum pH of Pb2+ (Pb (NO3) 2 (in distilled water) Chromolaena odorata L charcoal activated by NaOH 0.2 M under varying pH (2,3,4,5,6) is at pH 5 with 69.00% absorption. The optimum contact time required for Pb ion adsorption is 4 hours at variation (1-5 hours) with 70.19% absorption. The optimum concentration at variation (concentration 20; 40; 60; 80; 100 ppm) on Pb ion adsorption is 100 ppm with 76.15% absorption. The optimum heating time is a variation of 1.5; 2; 2.5; and 3 hours of Pb ion adsorption is one hour 30 minutes with an absorption of 65.95%. Based on the optimization results, the activated carbon from the Chromolaena odorata L can be used as an adsorption material against the contamination of lead heavy metals (Pb).

scholarly journals Derivatization and Spectrophotometric Quantification of Pamidronate in Bulk and Dosage Forms

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Sherif A. Abdel- Gawad
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Method Validation ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Optimum Heating

Aims: To quantify pamidronate in a sensitive and accurate way either in bulk or dosage forms. Methodology: The quantification of this group of drugs is a challenging task as they lack the presence of chromophore groups in their structure. The proposed method depends on the derivatization of the studied drug by its reaction with 4-Chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxazole and the product is measured spectrophotometrically at 470 nm. The conditions for the reaction are optimized regarding the volume of the reagent, the optimum pH for the reaction completion, the buffer volume, the optimum temperature for the reaction and the optimum heating time. Results: The studied drug can be determined in the range of 9-30 µg/mL after optimizing the reaction conditions. Method validation is performed according to ICH guidelines and different validation parameters like, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness are calculated and found to be excellent. Conclusion: The proposed method is accurate, sensitive and can be applied for the routine analysis of pamidronate in quality control laboratories.

scholarly journals ADSORPSI TOLUENA PADA ARANG AKTIF TEMPURUNG KEMIRI

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Dewi A Bukasa ◽  
Harry S.J Koleangan ◽  
Audy D Wuntu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
Acetone Adsorption ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Aleurites Moluccana

ADSORPSI TOLUENA PADA ARANG AKTIF TEMPURUNG KEMIRI ABSTRAK Telah diteliti adsorpsi toluena pada arang aktif yang dibuat dari tempurung kemiri yang diaktivasi dengan ZnCl2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan parameter adsorpsi, yaitu kapasitas dan energi adsorpsi. Parameter tersebut dihitung dari persamaan regresi linear yang diperoleh dari data adsorpsi toluena pada arang aktif dalam sistem tertutup yang dianalisis menggunakan model isoterm adsorpsi Dubinin-Raduskevich. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif tempurung kemiri dapat mengadsorpsi toluena dengan kapasitas adsorpsi  sebesar 0,094 cm3/g dan nilai energi adsorpsi, yaitu 2,56 kJ/mol.  Selain itu dilakukan pula penentuan waktu setimbang adsorpsi arang aktif tempurung kemiri terhadap toluena dengan berbagai variasi waktu. Hasilnya menunjukkan arang aktif tempurung kemiri mencapai keadaan setimbang terhadap toluena pada waktu 5 jam. Kata kunci: Adsorpsi, Karbon Aktif, Tempurung Kemiri  TOLUENE ADSORPTION ON CANDLENUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON ABSTRACT The adsorption of toluene on activated charcoal prepared ​​from candlenut (Aleurites moluccana) shell activated with ZnCl2 was investigated. This investigation was aimed to calculate the adsorption parameters which were adsorption capacity and energy of toluene on the adorbent. The parameters were calculated using linear regression equation derived from data of acetone adsorption on the activated carbon in a closed system and were analyzed using Dubinin-Raduskevich adsorption isotherm model. The results obtained indicated that the candlenut shell activated charcoal had adsorption capacity value of 0.094 cm3/g and the adsorption energy values of 2.56 kJ / mol. Besides, the time required to reach equilibrium state for the adsorption of toluene on the adsorbat was conducted. The results showed that the adsorption state was obtained in 5 hours. Keywords: Adsorption , Activated Carbon, Candlenut Shell

scholarly journals Electrochemical properties of kenaf-derived activated carbon electrodes under different activation time durations for supercapacitor application

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nizam Abdul Razak ◽  
Zulkarnain Ahmad Noorden ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani ◽  
Zulkurnain Abdul Malek ◽  
Jasrul Jamani Jamian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Carbon Electrodes ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Supercapacitor Application ◽  
Fibrous Carbon ◽  
Time Required

<span>The electrochemical properties of supercapacitors with kenaf-derived activated carbon electrodes under different activation time durations were evaluated. The study aims to determine the optimum activation time required that contributes to highest supercapacitor’s perfomance. Kenaf fibre was firstly carbonized at 400 °C to remove its water content and any volatile substances. The resulted kenaf-derived carbon was then impregnated in potassium hydroxide (KOH) with 4:1 impregnation ratio and left overnight. After the impregnation process, the carbon sample was activated at 600 °C with different heating time durations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours and named as A600-1, A600-2, A600-3 and A600-4, repectively. Four supercapacitors with the kenaf-derived activated carbon samples as the electrodes were fabricated based on two-electrode symmetrical test cell system. Specific capacitances of 108, 189, 242, and 126 F/g for supercapacitors with activated carbon A600-1, A600-2, A600-3 and A600-4 electrodes, respectively were achieved. These were much higher than previously reported values of only up to 37 F/g. </span><span>The finding suggests that an inexpensive fibrous carbon material derived from kenaf by a facile pyrolysis process may be a remarkable choice to construct high performance supercapacitor.</span>

Rancang Bangun Alat Olahan Minyak Kelapa

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Jantri Sirait ◽  
Sulharman Sulharman
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Time Required

Has done design tool is a tool of refined coconut oil coconut grater, squeezer coconut milk and coconut oil heating, with the aim to streamline the time of making coconut oil and coconut oil increase production capacity. The research method consists of several stages, among others; image creation tool, procurement of materials research, cutting the material - the material framework of tools and performance test tools. The parameters observed during the performance test tools is time grated coconut, coconut milk bleeder capacity, the capacity of the boiler and the heating time of coconut oil. The design tool consists of three parts, namely a tool shaved coconut, coconut milk wringer and coconut milk heating devices. Materials used for the framework of such tools include iron UNP 6 meters long, 7.5 cm wide, 4 mm thick, while the motor uses an electric motor 0.25 HP 1430 rpm and to dampen the rotation electric motor rotation used gearbox with a ratio of round 1 : 60. the results of the design ie the time required for coconut menyerut average of 297 seconds, coconut milk wringer capacity of 5 kg of processes and using gauze pads to filter coconut pulp, as well as the heating process takes ± 2 hours with a capacity of 80 kg , The benefits of coconut oil refined tools are stripping time or split brief coconut average - average 7 seconds and coconut shell can be used as craft materials, processes extortion coconut milk quickly so the production capacity increased and the stirring process coconut oil mechanically.ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan rancang bangun alat olahan minyak kelapa yaitu alat pemarut kelapa, pemeras santan kelapa dan pemanas minyak kelapa, dengan tujuan untuk mengefisiensikan waktu pembuatan minyak kelapa serta meningkatkan kapasitas produksi minyak kelapa. Metode penelitian terdiri dari beberapa tahapan antara lain; pembuatan gambar alat, pengadaan bahan-bahan penelitian, pemotongan bahan - bahan rangka alat dan uji unjuk kerja alat. Parameter yang diamati pada saat uji unjuk kerja alat adalah waktu parut kelapa, kapasitas pemeras santan kelapa, kapasitas tungku pemanas serta waktu pemanasan minyak kelapa. Rancangan alat terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu alat penyerut kelapa, alat pemeras santan kelapa dan alat pemanas santan kelapa. Bahan yang dipergunakan untuk rangka alat tersebut  yaitu besi UNP panjang 6 meter, lebar 7,5 cm, tebal 4 mm, sedangkan untuk motor penggerak menggunakan motor listrik 0,25 HP 1430 rpm dan untuk meredam putaran putaran motor listrik dipergunakan gearbox  dengan perbandingan putaran 1 : 60. Hasil dari rancangan tersebut yaitu waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menyerut kelapa rata-rata 297 detik, kapasitas alat pemeras santan kelapa 5 kg sekali proses dan menggunakan kain kassa untuk menyaring ampas kelapa, serta Proses pemanasan membutuhkan waktu ± 2 jam dengan kapasitas 80 kg. Adapun keunggulan alat olahan minyak kelapa ini adalah waktu pengupasan atau belah kelapa singkat rata – rata 7 detik dan tempurung kelapa dapat digunakan sebagai bahan kerajinan, proses pemerasan santan kelapa cepat sehingga kapasitas produksi meningkat dan proses pengadukan minyak kelapa secara mekanis. Kata kunci : penyerut, pemeras, pemanas,minyak kelapa,olahan minyak kelapa.

Changes in Microstructure of Biomedical Co-Cr-Mo-C Alloys with Solution Treating and Aging

2010 ◽  
Vol 89-91 ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mineta ◽  
Shigenobu Namba ◽  
Takashi Yoneda ◽  
Kyosuke Ueda ◽  
Takayuki Narushima
Keyword(s):  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
Solution Treatment Temperature ◽  
Precipitate Dissolution ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
M23c6 Type ◽  
Type Carbide ◽  
Time Required

Microstructural changes occurring in biomedical Co-Cr-Mo alloys with three carbon levels due to solution treatment and aging were investigated. Ingots of Co-Cr-Mo alloys with three different carbon levels were prepared by vacuum furnace melting; their chemical composition was Co-28Cr-6Mo-xC (x = 0.12, 0.25 and 0.35 mass%). Precipitates were electrolytically extracted from as-cast and heat-treated alloys. An M23C6 type carbide and a phase were detected as precipitates in as-cast Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.12C alloy, and an M23C6 type carbide and an  phase (M6C-M12C type carbide) were detected in as-cast Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.25C and Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.35C alloys. Only the M23C6 type carbide was detected during solution treatment. Complete precipitate dissolution occurred in all the three alloys after solution treatment. The holding time required for complete precipitate dissolution increased with increasing carbon content and decreasing solution treatment temperature. Complete precipitate dissolution occurred in the Co-Cr-Mo-C alloys solution treated at 1523 K for 43.2 ks; they were then subjected to aging from 873 to 1473 K for a heating time up to 44.1 ks after complete precipitate dissolution in solution treatment at 1523 K for 43.2 ks. The M23C6 type carbide with a grain size of 0.1–3 m was observed after aging. A time-temperature-precipitation diagram of the M23C6 type carbide formed in the Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.25C alloy was plotted.

scholarly journals Removal of Ni (II) from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeshwar M. Shrestha ◽  
Margit Varga ◽  
Imre Varga ◽  
Amar P. Yadav ◽  
Bhadra P. Pokharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Nickel Adsorption

Activated carbons were prepared from Lapsi seed stone by the treatment with H2SO4 and HNO3 for the removal of Ni (II) ions from aqueous solution. Two activated carbon have been prepared from Lapsi seed stones by treating with conc.H2SO4 and a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 in the ratio of 1:1 by weight for removal of Ni(II) ions. Chemical characterization of the resultant activated carbons was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Boehm titration which revealed the presence of oxygen containing surface functional groups like carboxyl, lactones and phenols in the carbons. The optimum pH for nickel adsorption is found to be 5. The adsorption data were better fitted with the Langmuir equations than Freundlich adsorption equation to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ni (II) on the resultant activated carbons was 28.25.8 mg g-1 with H2SO4 and 69.49 mg g-1 with a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3. The waste material used in the preparation of the activated carbons is inexpensive and readily available. Hence the carbons prepared from Lapsi seed stones can act as potential low cost adsorbents for the removal of Ni (II) from water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10680Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 166–174

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Fe (II) Ion Adsorption onto Chemically Activated Banana Peel and Sawdust Bio-adsorbent

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Suman Lal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Adsorption Models ◽  
Freundlich Isotherms ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Different Types

The adsorption capacity of ferrous ions onto bio-sorbents prepared from two different types of bio-waste of banana peel (CABP) and sawdust (CASD) treated with sulfuric acid was studied using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Result shows that the optimum pH value for about 99 % Fe (II) adsorption onto the CABP and CASD was found to be 3 and 4, respectively, after 5 hours or more contact time period. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models are fitted to remove the Fe (II) ions from aqueous solution by the bio-adsorbent of CABP and CASD. The maximum adsorption capacities for the CABP and CASD were found to be about 34 and 116 mg/g, respectively. These results showed that the CASD seems to be more effective bio-adsorbent than the CABP to remove the Fe (II) ions from drinking or/and wastewaters.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 137-141 

scholarly journals Utilization of Mendong Plants-Activated Charcoal as H2S and NO2 Gas Adsorbent: Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Sulistyo Saputro ◽  
◽  
Rizka Fauzia Hanif ◽  
Inung Widhyastuti ◽  
Lina Mahardiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
H2s Removal ◽  
Hno3 Concentration ◽  
H2s Adsorption ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
No2 Adsorption

The study of exhaust H2S and NO2 gases using activated carbon has been conducted. In this study, activated carbon was prepared from mendong plant (Frimbistylis umbellaris), which was activated using zinc chloride (ZnCl2) with concentrations of 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 10 % w/v to determine the efficiency of H2S adsorption. Mendong charcoal was obtained from the process of using a modified tool. Activation was done by maceration using ZnCl2 activator (w/v) for 24 hours. The adsorption of H2S and NO2 was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Determinations of H2S gas carried out using the blue methylene’s method for 1 hour showed the highest effectiveness of mendong activated carbon was of that at the concentration of 2.5 % ZnCl2 w/v with 80% of H2S removal. Further, the mendong activated carbon with the concentration of 2.5% ZnCl2 w/v was used for NO2 adsorption. The adsorption of NO2 gas was conducted for 1 hour using Griess Saltzman’s method. The result showed that the largest concentration of NO2 gas was adsorbed when the HNO3 concentration was 1.5 M (0.057 µg/mL). The percentage of NO2 efficiency adsorbed was at 28%.

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