scholarly journals LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME GENOTYPE AND MUSCLE STRENGTH IN PERUVIAN OLDER PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
pp. 686-690
Author(s):  
T. J. Oscanoa ◽  
E. C. Cieza ◽  
F. A. Lizaraso-Soto ◽  
M. L. Guevara ◽  
R. M. Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Older People ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Ace Polymorphism ◽  
Significant Difference

Старение может быть связано с уменьшением мышечной силы, а сопутствующими факторами являются заболевания, пол, физическая активность и, возможно, генетические факторы. Среди генетических факторов представляет интерес ренин-ангиотензиновая система, но данные о перуанской популяции отсутствуют. Целью исследования - оценка связи силы сцепления и полиморфизма ангиотензин-конвертазного фермента (АКФ) у пожилых людей в Перу. Было проведено перекрестное исследование в выборке из 104 участников старше 60 лет в Лиме, Перу с анализом полиморфизма АКФ. Мы изучили 104 участника, 46 (44,2%) мужчин и 58 (55,8%) женщин, со средним возрастом и стандартным отклонением ( SD ) 73,7 (7,4) года, в диапазоне 60-90 лет. Частота генотипов D/D, I/D и I/I составила 12,7; 43,7 и 43,7% соответственно. Распределение полиморфизма АKФ по генотипу соответствовало равновесию Харди-Вайнберга ( р =0,746). Средняя ( SD ) сила сцепления при D/D , I/D и I/I полиморфизмах составила 24,8 (7,2); 22,8 (7,2) и 23,4 (7,6) кг соответственно. Не выявлено достоверных различий ( р =0,41) между генетическими группами. В этой небольшой удобной выборке пожилых перуанцев не было обнаружено связи между силой сцепления и генотипом АКФ. Aging can be associated with decreasing muscle strength, and related factors are comorbidities, sex, physical activity, and possibly genetic factors. Among genetic factors the renin-angiotensin system is of interest, but data on the Peruvian population is lacking. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association of grip strength and angiotensin convertase enzyme (ACE) polymorphism in Peruvian older people. A cross-sectional study in a convenience sample of 104 participants over 60 years in Lima, Perú, with analysis of the ACE polymorphism, was performed. We studied 104 participants, 46 men (44,2 %) and 58 women (55,8 %), with a mean age and standard deviation (SD) of 73,7 (7,4) years, range between 60-90 years. The frequency of D/D, I/D and I/I genotypes was 12,7; 43,7 and 43,7 % respectively. The genotype distribution of ACE polymorphism agreed with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( p =0,746). The mean (SD) of grip strength in the D/D, I/D and I/I polymorphisms were 24,8 (7,2); 22,8 (7,2) and 23,4 (7,6) kg respectively; no significant difference was observed ( p =0,41) between genetic groups. In this small convenience sample of older Peruvians, no association was found between grip strength and ACE genotype.

Exploration of Workplace Bullying in Emergency and Critical Care Nurses in Cyprus

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-174
Author(s):  
Loukia Aristidou ◽  
Meropi D.A. Mpouzika ◽  
Maria N.K. Karanikola
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundWorkplace bullying is considered as an extreme work-related stressor, associated with mental and physical burden.AimInvestigation of workplace bullying occurrence and related factors in Greek-Cypriot nurses employed in private and public emergency (emergency departments [EDs]) and critical care settings (intensive care units [ICUs], coronary critical care units [CCCUs]).MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional correlation study was performed. Following informed consent, a convenience sample of 113 nurses agreed to participate in the study.ResultsThe response rate was 32.56%. 68.1% (N = 77) of the participants reported direct experience of workplace bullying as victims, while 57.5% (N = 65) reported experience of witnessing workplace bullying in others (indirect exposure). A statistically significantly higher frequency of direct workplace bullying victimization was observed in ICUs compared to EDs and CCCUs (p = .031), while both direct and indirect victimization were more often reported in participants in public hospitals (p < .003). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of direct/indirect workplace bullying experiences between male and female participants (p = .772), while those holding a Master's degree reported more frequently experiences of and indirect bullying victimization (p = .001).ConclusionsThe present study presents data on the sociodemographic characteristics of critical and emergency nurses who become more often the target of bullying/mobbing behavior in Cyprus. Though, due to the low response rate further quantitative and qualitative studies are proposed.

Safety climate and related factors in rehabilitation nurses of hospitals in Iran

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Javad vatani ◽  
Zahra Khanikosarkhizi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Shahabi Rabori ◽  
mohammad khandan ◽  
Mohsen aminizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Climate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climate Assessment ◽  
Safety Work ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND: Safety climate is a common insight of staff that indicates individuals’ attitudes toward safety and priority of safety at work. OBJECTIVES: Nursing is a risky job where paying attention to safety is crucial. The assessment of the safety climate is one of the methods to measure the safety conditions in this occupation. The aim of this study was to assess the safety climate of rehabilitation nurses working in hospitals in Tehran. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which was carried out on 140 rehabilitation nurses selected from all hospitals and clinics in Tehran in 2019. To collect the required data, a two-section questionnaire was used. The first section was related to demographic factors and the second part (22 statements) was to measure the safety climate using nurses’ safety climate assessment questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS V16 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at the 5% level. RESULTS: Findings showed that the total mean of safety climate was 3.06±0.56. According to the results, a significant difference was found between the positive and negative satisfaction of nurses with safety climates (P-value = 0.03), communication with nurses (P-value = 0.01) and supervisors’ attitude (P-value = 0.02). Furthermore, a significant difference in safety climate between the individual with the second job and the individual without second could be observed (P-value = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the safety climate was not at an acceptable level. Thus, it is essential to introduce safety training courses (e.g. safety, work-rest balance, and so on) and to improve the safety performance at work.

scholarly journals Can We Apply WHOQOL-AGE to Asian Population? Verifying Its Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties in a Convenience Sample From Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Ying Lin ◽  
Jung-Der Wang ◽  
Li-Fan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample

Objectives: To translate and validate a recently developed quality of life instrument (WHOQOL-AGE) on geriatric population into Chinese.Method: Using cross-sectional observational design, the WHOQOL-AGE was conducted among older people through interview. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structure and multigroup CFA used to examine the measurement invariance.Results: Through convenience sampling, 522 older adults (mean age = 73.42) participated in the study. Among them, 194 were males, 213 had an educational level at primary school or below, 398 were residing in the community, and 307 were aged 70 years or above. A bifactor structure (items Q1–Q8 are embedded in the factor 1; items Q9–Q13 embedded in the factor 2; and all the items embedded in an additional construct of QoL) was confirmed by the CFA in both the entire sample (χ2 = 25.4; df = 51; p = 0.999) and the subgroup sample with age 70 years or above (χ2 = 25.28; df = 51; p = 1.000). Multigroup CFAs results supported the measurement invariance for the WHOQOL-AGE across genders, having different educational levels, living in different settings and age groups. It also shows good known-groups validity.Conclusions: The promising psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-AGE were found in our convenience sample of older Taiwanese. The supported measurement invariance indicates that the older people in different conditions of gender, educational level, and living setting interpret the WHOQOL-AGE similarly. However, our results should be interpreted with cautious because of the sample representativeness.

Symptom Responses to a Continuum of Sexual Trauma

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie M. Carretta ◽  
Ann W. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Symptom Presentation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Post Hoc

This study reports the findings of an anonymous web-based survey to test differences in symptom presentation (depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) among women who experienced different types of sexual trauma (forcible, pressured, sex stress). The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design with an online convenience sample of 243 adult females living primarily in the United States. The findings revealed that there was a statistically significant difference among type of sexual trauma groups for depression (p = .013) and PTSD (p = .044) but not for anxiety (p = .183). Post hoc analysis of the overall difference in depression revealed that the multiple rape type group (p = .010) and the forcible sex group (p = .016) had higher levels of depression.

Population-Level Incidence and Use-Related Factors of Comfort and Orthopedic Accessories Among Older Vehicle Occupants in NSW, Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482095012
Author(s):  
Raman Sran ◽  
Lisa Keay ◽  
Kristy Coxon ◽  
James McAuley ◽  
Tom Whyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Increased Risk

The proportion of people aged 65 years and older regularly traveling in motor vehicles continues to grow worldwide. In a previous convenience sample, we observed many older people using comfort accessories when traveling in vehicles, and these may contribute to the known increased risk of injury in crashes among older people. In this study, we aimed to estimate population-level use of these devices and examine associations between demographic, health, and travel behavior factors and their use. The point estimate of self-reported use of comfort accessories was 25.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [19.6%, 31.9%]). Cushions on the vehicle seat were the most common type used (14.3%, 95% CI = [9.7%, 19.0%]), and increasing age, female gender, and frequent vehicle travel were significantly associated with their use. Less frequently used were seat belt padding (10.5%, 95% CI = [6.3%, 14.6%]) and back/neck supports (6.5%, 95% CI = [2.7%, 10.2%]). Back/neck and multiple area pain were significantly associated with the use of the latter.

scholarly journals 108 Poor Appetite is Common in Hospitalised Older People and Associated with Subclinical Low Mood

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i34-i36
Author(s):  
N J Cox ◽  
S E R Lim ◽  
D Baylis ◽  
F Howson ◽  
A A Sayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Appetite ◽  
Low Mood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Discharge From Hospital ◽  
Health Burdens

Abstract Introduction Appetite loss in older people -anorexia of ageing (AA) - is common. Recognised consequences include undernutrition, sarcopenia, frailty, and increased mortality after discharge from hospital. Identification and management of AA may prevent onset of these health burdens. Whilst appetite can be assessed, this is often not routine. Methods Cross-sectional data from three studies (carried out 2010-2017), with comparable data collection methods and drawn from the same population, were combined. Participants were over 70 years, admitted to acute wards within a large UK hospital. Appetite was assessed using the simple 4 item Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ); a score of ≤14/20 defines poor appetite. Correlates of SNAQ scores were evaluated. Results The dataset included 474 participants (64% female) with mean age 84 (6.5), median Barthel 78 (IQR 53-91), mini-mental state exam (MMSE) 27 (IQR 23-29) and comorbidity index 5 (IQR 4-7). The median GDS for the population was 4 (IQR 4-6). The mean SNAQ score was 13.9 (SD 2.6), and 265 (56%) participants scored ≤14 indicating poor appetite. There was no significant difference between mean SNAQ scores of men and women (P=.26), or those living alone and with others (P=.62). Age, MMSE, comorbidity index, and total number of medications were not related to SNAQ score in continuous analyses but geriatric depression score (GDS-15) was (adjusted coefficient -.248; P&lt;.001); such that lower mood was associated with poorer appetite. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of assessing appetite in hospitalised older people, as poor appetite is very common. Appetite can be assessed in hospital using the simple 4 item SNAQ tool. Subclinical low mood, measured by GDS-15, had the strongest association with SNAQ score whilst in hospital. Therefore, for those with poor appetite in hospital, clinicians should have a low threshold to evaluate and treat low mood.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in the vasodilatory function of individual extremities

Vascular ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Tomoyasu Kadoguchi ◽  
Masahiro Horiuchi ◽  
Shintaro Kinugawa ◽  
Koichi Okita
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vasodilatory Function

Objectives Heterogeneity and homogeneity in the flow-mediated dilation of the human body's individual extremities are not fully understood, and the relationship between flow-mediated dilation and local muscle activity is unclear. We assessed the flow-mediated dilation of four individual extremities and sought to determine the contribution of local muscle activity (evaluated as muscle strength) to the flow-mediated dilation in each extremity. Methods Thirteen healthy young right-handed nonactive males participated. The flow-mediated dilation in the brachial and popliteal arteries at both arms and legs was assessed by ultrasound Doppler. Muscle strength was evaluated as the grip strength and knee extension. Results There was a significant difference in the brachial artery (BA)-FMD values between the subjects' dominant and non-dominant sides (8.0 ± 2.8 vs. 5.5 ± 2.2%, p < 0.05), whereas the two sides showed similar popliteal artery (PA)-FMD values. There was no significant correlation in flow-mediated dilation between the dominant brachial artery and popliteal artery. The BA-FMD was significantly correlated with the grip strength in both upper extremities (dominant: r = 0.562, non-dominant: r = 0.548; p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion These results demonstrated heterogeneity in the flow-mediated dilation of individual extremities. We observed that local muscle activity can affect the local vascular function. Measurements of vasodilatory function in individual extremities should thus be carefully considered.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cigarette smoking in schizophrenic patients compared to other hospital admitted psychiatric patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1417-1417
Author(s):  
A. Kheradmand ◽  
H. Ziaaddini ◽  
M. Vahabi
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Difference

Introduction & aimsEstimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking and some of the related factors among schizophrenic and other hospitalized psychiatric patients.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study on 120 patients hospitalized in Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kerman in 2005. Patients were equally devided in two groups of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Sampling was based on statistical census and data were collected using a questionnaire including 27 questions on demographic data, psychiatric disorder, smoking cigarettes and other substances, and Fagerstrom test. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and ANOVA tests using SPSS software.ResultsPrevalence and severity of cigarette smoking was 71.6% and 6.47% among schizophrenic and 51.6% and 6.40% among other psychiatric patients, respectively and the difference was not significant. History of withdrawal was 25.6% and 58.1% in the schizophrenia and other disorders respectively and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). Addiction to other substances was 51.6% in schizophrenic and 45% in the other patients and the most prevalent substances in both groups were opium and alcohol. The severity of smoking cigarettes was 6.9 along with other drug abuses and 5.1 in cases with just smoking based on Fagerstrom test and the difference was significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of cigarette smoking in both schizophrenia and other psychiatric patients is higher than normal population, but there is no significant difference between these two groups. Schizophrenic patients need persistent supportive and supervising programs for cigarette smoking abuse treatment because of their cognitive, motivate and social problems.

Do genetic factors explain associations between muscle strength, lean mass, and bone density? A twin study

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. E320-E327 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Seeman ◽  
J. L. Hopper ◽  
N. R. Young ◽  
C. Formica ◽  
P. Goss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Trait Correlation

Are the associations between muscle strength, lean mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) genetically determined? Based on within-pair differences in 56 monozygotic (MZ) and 56 dizygotic (DZ) female twin pairs, mean age 45 yr (range 24-67), BMD was associated with lean mass, independent of fat mass and height (P < 0.05). A 10% increment in femoral neck (FN) BMD was associated with a 15% increment in lean mass (approximately 6 kg). BMD was associated with muscle strength (measured in 35 pairs) before, but not after, adjusting for lean mass. Based on age-adjusted cross-sectional analyses, same-trait correlations (+/- SE) in MZ pairs were double those in DZ pairs: FN BMD (0.62 +/- 0.08, 0.33 +/- 0.12) and lean mass (0.87 +/- 0.03, 0.30 +/- 0.11; all P < 0.001), consistent with a genetic hypothesis. The cross-trait correlation (r) between lean mass and FN BMD in the same individual was 0.43 +/- 0.06. The cross-trait cross-twin correlation between lean mass in one twin and FN BMD in the other was 0.31 +/- 0.07 in MZ pairs, approximately 75% of the cross-trait correlation (r) and 0.19 +/- 0.09 in DZ paris (P < 0.001). After adjusting for height and fat mass, the MZ and DZ cross-trait cross-twin correlations were no different (0.16 +/- 0.08 and 0.13 +/- 0.09, respectively). Therefore, genetic factors account for 60-80% of the individual variances of both FN BMD and lean mass, and > 50% of their covariance. The association between greater muscle mass and greater BMD is likely to be determined by genes regulating size.

scholarly journals A healthy trend: less food used in fundraising and as rewards and incentives in Minnesota middle and high schools

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-686
Author(s):  
Martha Y Kubik ◽  
Kian Farbakhsh ◽  
Leslie A Lytle
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Legislative Action ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

AbstractObjectiveTo assess change in the 4-year prevalence (2006–2009) of the use of food in school fundraising and as rewards and incentives for students, following implementation of federal legislation in the USA in 2006.DesignSerial cross-sectional design using trend analysis to assess school-level data collected over four consecutive years from 2006/2007 to 2009/2010.SettingMinneapolis/St. Paul, MN.SubjectsConvenience sample of middle and high schools participating in two longitudinal, aetiological studies that examined youth, their environment and obesity-related factors.ResultsA significant and sustained decrease was demonstrated in the use of low-nutrient, energy-dense foods in school fundraising activities and the use of food and food coupons as rewards and incentives by teachers and school staff.ConclusionsResults support the utility of policy and legislative action as a tool for creating healthy, sustainable environmental change.

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