scholarly journals VISUAL SCREENING OF SCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF SAPAREVA BANYA IN SOUTHWESTERN BULGARIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-999
Author(s):  
Slavena Stoykova ◽  
Ekaterina Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Pupillary Reaction ◽  
Doctor Visits ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
Visual Health ◽  
Cover Test

Within 3-days-program almost 200 children and 50 adults had their vision checked by an international qualified team of eye specialists in the local school in Sapareva Banya. Visual acuity, objective and subjective refraction, color perception, binocular vision, cover test, pupillary reaction and other tests were performed. Apart from the ophthalmic examination, all the patients’ parents also filled in questionnaire regarding visual strain regimen, previous eye doctor visits and other details. The aim was to promote visual health, establish and possibly treat refractive errors and amblyopia, to facilitate access to specialized medical care, optical and optometrist’s service for children’s population of remote municipalities with population under 10 000 people. The visual screening of Sapareva Banya school children was of great value because only 38% of children had been examined before. There were no major deviations, severe anisometropia and ametropia values or very low visual acuity patients not wearing optical correction. A surprisingly high incidence of color vision deficiency was found 9, 2% males and 4, 3 % females.

Amblyopia: Etiology, Detection, and Treatment

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Irene Magramm
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Visual Development ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Prompt Treatment ◽  
Adhesive Patch ◽  
Cover Test

Amblyopia is a preventable cause of visual loss in children that may be permanent unless it is detected and treated early. It may be caused by strabismus, refractive errors, or cataracts. Primary strabismus may lead to loss of vision from amblyopia and the loss of binocularity. Secondary strabismus may be a sign of primary visual loss in one or both eyes. The most serious disorder that may present as secondary strabismus is retinoblastoma. It is imperative to detect retinoblastoma early because of its morbidity and mortality. Amblyopia is detected by assessing the visual acuity of each eye. Strabismus is detected by using the corneal light reflex test and the cover test. Focusing problems are detected by assessing the visual acuity and the red reflex. Cataracts and retinoblastoma may be detected by examining the red reflex of the eye. Treatment of amblyopia consists of correcting the amblyogenic factor with appropriate glasses and surgery. The preferred eye is patched with an adhesive patch to stimulate visual development in the amblyopie eye. The pediatrician plays a crucial role in the early detection of amblyopia, strabismus, and cataracts. The key to successful visual outcome is early recognition by the pediatrician, referral to the pediatric opthalmologist, and prompt treatment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of visual impairment among school children in three primary schools of Sekela Woreda, Amhara regional state, north-west Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211984976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistu Zelalem ◽  
Yekoye Abebe ◽  
Yilikal Adamu ◽  
Tewodros Getinet
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
School Children ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Although there are limited studies, recent data are lacking to determine the prevalence of eye problems in Ethiopia accurately and there is no scientific evidence of such study in Sekela Woreda. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of visual impairment among school children in Sekela Woreda, Ethiopia. Methods: The study design was a community-based analytical cross-sectional with a multi-stage cluster random sampling technique from September to November 2016.Visual acuity was tested using Snellen’s “E” chart while color vision was tested using Ishihara chart. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software, and binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with visual impairment. Results: A total of 875 participants, 466 (53.3%) males and 409 (46.7%) females, with an age range of 8–18 years were screened for visual acuity and color vision deficiency. The prevalence of visual impairment (visual acuity ⩽ 6/12) in “either eye” was 70 (8.0%). Among these, 37 (52.9%) were males and 33 (41.1%) were females. The prevalence of low vision (visual acuity [Formula: see text]) and blindness (visual acuity < 3/60) in “either eye” were 28 (3.2%) and 10 (1.1%), respectively. Thirty two (3.7%) had mild visual impairment [Formula: see text]. The prevalence of color vision deficiency was 36 (4.1%). Among these, 27 (3%) were males and 9 (1.1%) were females. The variables age (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.14 (1.01–1.28) and color blindness (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 3.93(1.69–9.09) were significantly associated with visual impairment. Conclusion: The prevalence of blindness and low vision in school children were higher than the national prevalence in Ethiopia. Increasing age and color defective vision were factors associated with the children’s visual impairment. The Woreda health office ought to work with responsible stakeholders to tackle the situation in early childhood.

scholarly journals Analysis and applicability of protocols for the diagnosis of refractive errors in children

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
Laura Victoria Martín Algarra ◽  
Martha Fabiola Rodríguez Álvarez ◽  
Andrés Gené Sampedro
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
World Population ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Clinical Tests ◽  
Ocular Abnormalities ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Problems ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
Visual Health

Currently, a large part of the world population does not have access to quality visual health services. Most of this population lives in developing countries, thus it is necessary to screen the general population to identify ocular abnormalities such as refractive errors and amblyopia in schoolchildren. The protocols for complete visual screening or examination vary widely regarding the type of tests and procedures, although most of them use visual acuity (VA) and refraction as the main diagnostic criteria. These clinical tests should have good quality and precision, that is, a high sensitivity and specificity. Unfortunately, in most clinical and epidemiological studies, the quality and accuracy of the tests used are unknown, which makes it difficult to compare results and to estimate the real conditions of visual problems in the population. Therefore, the objective of this literature review was to describe the main tests and protocols used in epidemiological and clinical studies for the detection of refractive errors in children.

scholarly journals Reduced Vision and Refractive Errors, Results from a School Vision Screening Program in Kanchanpur district of Far Western Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-374
Author(s):  
S Awasthi ◽  
B P Pant ◽  
H P Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
School Children ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
School Screening ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Spherical Equivalent Refraction ◽  
And Gender

Background At present there is no data available on reduced vision and refractive errors in school children of far western Nepal. So, school screening records were used to obtain data useful for planning of refractive services. Methods Data are provided from school screening conducted by Geta Eye Hospital during February/March 2008. The cases with complete data sets on visual acuity, refractive error and age were included and analyzed using computer software. Results Of 1165 children (mean age 11.6±2.5 years) examined, 98.8% (n= 1151) had uncorrected visual acuity of 6/9 and better in at least one eye whereas 1.2% (n= 14) had acuity 6/12 and worse in both eyes. Among them, either eye of 9 children improved to 6/9 and better with correction. However, visual acuity was 6/12 and worse in both eyes of 5 children even after correction. There were 24 children with refractive errors (myopia, 1.54%; n= 18 and hypermetropia, 0.51%; n=6) in at least one eye. The spherical equivalent refraction was not significantly different with age and gender. ConclusionsThe incidence of reduced vision and refractive errors among school children of this semi rural district were low.http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6233 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(4):370-4 

scholarly journals The Influence of Environmental Factors on the Prevalence of Myopia in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Czepita ◽  
Damian Czepita ◽  
Wojciech Lubiński
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Acuity Testing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Near Work ◽  
Cover Test

Purpose. In the paper, we describe and discuss the results of epidemiological studies concerning myopia carried out in Poland. Materials and Methods. Results from the examination of 5601 Polish school children and students (2688 boys and 2913 girls) aged 6 to 18 years were analyzed. The mean age was 11.9 ± 3.2 years. Every examined student had undergone the following examinations: distance visual acuity testing, cover test, anterior segment evaluation, and cycloplegic retinoscopy after instillation of 1% tropicamide, and a questionnaire was taken. Results. We have found that (1) intensive near work (writing, reading, and working on a computer) leads to a higher prevalence of myopia, (2) watching television does not influence the prevalence of myopia, and (3) being outdoors decreases the prevalence of myopia. Conclusions. The results of our study point to insufficiency of accommodation contributing to the pathogenesis of myopia.

scholarly journals Independent development of refraction, accommodation and convergence over two years in primary school children

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Marianne Ledet Maagaard
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
School Children ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Danish School ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age Related Changes ◽  
Cover Test

Abstract Purpose: To examine whether age-related changes in refraction covary with changes in parameters describing accommodation and convergence over time in a group of Danish school children. Methods: Two-hundred and seventy-eight unselected Danish school children (7.1-13.9 years) without manifest strabismus were studied at baseline and after two years. Each examination included measurement of distance visual acuity, unilateral cover test, non-cycloplegic autorefraction, monocular amplitude of accommodation, monocular accommodation facility, near phoria, near point of convergence, and positive and negative fusional vergence. The changes in the measured parameters were studied over time, followed by the testing for dependencies in the development of these parameters. Results: After two years there was a significant increase in distance visual acuity (p=0.04), monocular accommodation facility (p<0.001), near point exophoria (p=0.04), near point of convergence (p=0.01), and fusional range (p<0.001), a significant reduction in hyperopia (p=0.01) and monocular amplitude of accommodation (p<0.001), while the midpoint of the fusional range changed significantly towards convergence (p<0.001). The increase in near point of convergence correlated significantly with the decrease in monocular amplitude of accommodation (p<0.001) and the convergent shift in the midpoint of the fusional range was significantly correlated with a larger fusional range (p<0.001). The changes in all other parameters were independent. Conclusions: The development of refraction, accommodation, and convergence parameters in school children over two years are independent. This may be due to separate processes regulating development, and suggests that therapeutic intervention may be performed on each of the parameters individually without a derived effect on the other parameters.

scholarly journals Prevalence of color vision deficiency and its correlation with amblyopia and refractive errors among primary school children

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamideh Sabbaghi ◽  
AhmadShojaei Baghini ◽  
Mehdi Yaseri ◽  
Koroush Sheibani ◽  
Ghazal Norouzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency

Sensitivity and Specificity of Visual Acuity Screening for Refractive Errors in School Children

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 650-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUIS TONG ◽  
SEANG-MEI SAW ◽  
DONALD TAN ◽  
KEE-SENG CHIA ◽  
WAI-YING CHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Errors

scholarly journals Visual Health and its Relationship with Screen Time among School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sarawak, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (08) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Ting Siew Leng ◽  
Rosalia Saimon ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Razitasham bt Safii ◽  
Ho Siat Lian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Health

<p class="0abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>This study intended to determine visual health of the school children and investigate its relationship with screen time. <strong>Methods: </strong>This was a school-based cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling. A self-reported and interviewer-administered questionnaire were used to compile screen time information. Children presenting visual acuity was evaluated with Snellen chart and non-cycloplegic refraction was performed to those acuities worse than 6/12. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. A p-value ≤0.05 with 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. <strong>Results: </strong>About 87% children had normal or near normal visual acuity and 13% had visual impairment. The prevalence of refractive error was 22.8%.  Astigmatism was the most prevailing type of refractive error, 10%. The children spent on average of 13.82 hours per week on screen time. Television is the most popular electronic devices. Boy spent more time on gaming consoles than girl. There was no statistically significant relationship between refractive error and screen time (p=0.581). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of refractive error among school children was 23%. The children spent nearly 14 hours per week on screen time. There was no statistically significant relationship between refractive error and screen time. Periodical children vision screening is paramount for early detection of vision impairment and provide possible intervention.</p>

Effects of Ear Acupressure in Improving Visual Health in Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Hsiu Chen ◽  
Hsing-Hsia Chen ◽  
Mei-Ling Yeh ◽  
Shiow-Luan Tsay
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Longitudinal Effects ◽  
Visual Health ◽  
And Behavior

Myopia is a major health problem, not only because of its high prevalence in Asia but also because it contributes to visual morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ear acupressure for visual improvement on school children in Taiwan. Participants were fifth-grade school children with visual acuity between 6/37.5 and 6/9.6 in one eye. The experimental group ( n = 35) received a 15-week ear acupressure intervention with seed embedding; the control group ( n = 35) did not. Data for demographic factors, visual acuity, refractive error, and behavior toward visual health were collected before and after the intervention. The significant differences were observed between the two groups in visual acuity ( p = 0.02), refractive error ( p = 0.04), and behaviors toward visual health ( p = 0.045). Performing ear acupressure may facilitate improved visual health for children. However, it requires more extended studies exploring its effects on elementary students in different grades. Longitudinal effects of this intervention also require further study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document