scholarly journals COSTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF NEW PRODUCTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1313-1316
Author(s):  
Venelin Terziev ◽  
Redon Koleci

The successful management of costs in the development of new products in small and medium-sized enterprises in the Western Balkans is being developed in agriculture. Effective cost management in the development of new products in small and medium-sized enterprises has serious and direct implications for the efficiency of the enterprises themselves. The appeal for the production of vegetables arises from the need to analyze the management of costs as one of the basic conditions for increasing the efficiency of business entities, with particular emphasis on small and medium-sized enterprises as a major driver of economic activity and economic development. Specifically, the purpose of the vegetable industry is to define and analyze the correlation between the successful management of costs in developing new products and the efficiency of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Western Balkans. Modern working conditions, characterized by dynamic structural changes, continuous growth and development of modern technology, internationalization and globalization of markets, increasing the global competitiveness of companies, fragmentation of the market and increased insecurity developing a dynamic and relatable sector as small and medium sized as possible. The idea that big companies tend to grow into big systems that are followed by technological development, why they have high efficiency and productivity and a great deal of leverage on the world markets, has prevailed. Namely, you have been a challenge to globalized economies and at the same time a possibility for economic development and prosperity, but with the changes in working conditions and the deepening of the crisis of big companies in the world, since the end of the 1980s, the economic policies of the last century started to take a serious interest in small business development, industrial competitiveness, restructuring and privatization. In the 1980s, turbulent changes occurred in the functioning of the economic systems of individual national economies to dismantle socialist systems and lay the foundations for a stable democratic society (capitalism). The crisis affecting the financial markets, followed by the high interest rates on the ears, has increased the imminence of the emergence of small and medium-sized enterprises and the level of importance for the internal economy, according to the level of financial structure. During this period, the first in the SAD was a shaky liberal and institutional environment that slowly reflected on the expansion of these entities, and such conditions underwent expansion in other lands as well, when ownership of the activity began. Because of this, the vegetable period will be remembered because of the strong effect of entrepreneurial reconstruction, and the economic science further points to the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises, as carriers of restructuring of economic systems, as well as their own generative capacity, new recruits and mobilizers of all factors of production. Undoubtedly, one of the main characteristics of modern market savings is that small and medium-sized companies represent a club factor for level of functionality and efficiency. In this sense, they represent the true engines of economic development, because, therefore, in the vegetable industry, special attention is paid to the development of this dust, and the consciousness’s and conclusions that are expected to have a meaningful implication are the implications.

Author(s):  
Christian Fuchs ◽  
Marisol Sandoval

The overall task of this paper is to elaborate a typology of the forms of labour that are needed for the production, circulation and use of digital media. First, we introduce a cultural-materialist perspective on theorising digital labour. Second, we discuss the relevance of Marx’s concept of the mode of production for the analysis of digital labour. Third, we introduce a typology of the dimensions of working conditions. Fourth, based on the preceding sections we present a digital labour analysis toolbox. Finally, we draw some conclusions. We engage with the question what labour is, how it differs from work, which basic dimensions it has and how these dimensions can be used for defining digital labour. We introduce the theoretical notion of the mode of production as analytical tool for conceptualizing digital labour. Modes of production are dialectical units of relations of production and productive forces. Relations of production are the basic social relations that shape the economy. Productive forces are a combination of labour power, objects and instruments of work in a work process, in which new products are created. We have a deeper look at dimensions of the work process and the conditions under which it takes place. We present a typology that identifies dimensions of working conditions. It is a general typology that can be used for the analysis of any production process.


2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 03029
Author(s):  
A. A. Oshkordina ◽  
E. G. Radygina

The paper discusses current issues and problems of organizing and implementing event and tourist activities as an effective tool for popularizing and attracting attention to rural areas, which, in the context of the COVID 19 preventive campaign around the world, is a relevant factor for many categories of the population. The authors have identified the positive and negative factors of tourist activities organization, affecting the socio-cultural and economic level of rural development. The main directions of organization, implementation and development of rural and agroindustrial tourism on the territory of a separate subject of the Russian Federation have been determined. Most important, in the current difficult conditions of the tourist industry development, in many territories of Russia domestic tourism is becoming a priority, focusing, among other things, on the creation of new products of rural and agroindustrial tourism.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Jarman Arroisi ◽  
Nur Hadi Ihsan ◽  
Kusuma Dewi Nur Aini

There is no doubt that capitalism is one of the dominant economic systems today, has been transformed into a new ideology. If the beginning only revolved around free markets, unlimited private ownership, then now it is more of a new culture, lifestyle and even civilization. That dictates all aspects of human life. As a civilization, Capitalism has faced resistance from Islam. Islam, which is usually seen as only a religion, is actually more than just a religion, but includes the basic elements of a civilization. If Capitalism builds a civilization with its distinctive points regarding the theory of socio-economic growth, then Islam does not see it as a basic foundation. Today in Islam, the life of the world is always closely related to the concept of the afterlife. Meanwhile, capitalism separates morality from theology. Furthermore, Islam does not deny the need for rationality to solve the problems of world life, but the rational concept in Islam is not only limited to mathematical logic, it also involves a spiritual dimension. By using the descriptive analytical method, this study produces several important conclusions, namely: First, to overcome scientific problems that have been penetrated by secular Western civilization, Second, the development of the ideology of Capitalism has changed the human perspective in thinking resulting in a lack of moral values and secular ideology. Third, the existence of Al-Faruqi's thought which is based on Tawheed which contributes to a solution to the lack of scientific values which also affects the people's mindset. So from the research results it can be concluded that if a science is successful it will destroy all aspects of life both in terms of ideology or morals.


1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
V. C. Vigand

The great achievements of the liberation movement in Africa in the late 1950s and early 1960s led to the winning of political independence by the majority of African countries. For the first time in their history they were able to determine for themselves their path to economic development. This happened at a period when the world was split into two socio-economic systems: socialism and capitalism. The broad distinction between them may be defined by the objective fact of the ownership of the means of production: a socialist society has decided to take in its hands all capital goods and to govern collectively the economic development of the country; a capitalist society still sticks to the principle of private ownership, thinking that individual interests may guarantee the prosperity of the whole society, but forgetting that only the socialisation of the means of production can stop the exploitation of the many by the few.


Author(s):  
Marina Buyanova

The speed of emergence and development of new technologies is so high that it becomes more and more difficult to predict their impact on economy and society. At the same time, new technologies do not develop in isolation; they interact and actively influence each other, generating synergistic effects, which actualizes the need for scientific knowledge of the consequences, as well as the conditions and factors for the emergence of risks and methods of managing them. The aim of the work is to substantiate a theoretical and methodological approach to identifying and assessing the risks of the development of convergent technologies and their consequences in life. The research is based on the methodology of dialectical, system and evolutionary and institutional approaches to the study of the risks of the development of social and economic systems, the theory of factors of production, economic development, and the economic mechanism. This paper examines the conditions and social and economic prerequisites for the new industrial revolution in Russia, as well as the risks that arise in this process. The author carries out the analysis of constructive and destructive economic and social consequences of NBIC technologies rapidly developing in all countries of the world. In conclusion, the author proposes priority directions of the regulation of social and economic processes in the country, ensuring competitive, sustainable and safe development.


Author(s):  
Natalya Molchanova

The transition to a new social order is accompanied by changes in the methodology and functioning of socio-economic systems. The modern period of the development of scientific research is characterized by a variety of recommendations and opinions of scientists on the strategy and tactics of managing economic development. It is difficult to reach a consensus in choosing the most effective means of economic policy, taking into account the peculiarities of the current internal and external situation. For the functioning of the national economy of Russia, it is important to reach a consensus in the applied methods and instruments of state regulation of economy in the territorial context: macroregions, regions, municipalities. The necessary conditions for the successful implementation of state plans and programs are the coordination of the activities of economic entities, production cooperation, and the stability of economic ties. The development and implementation of effective measures are relevant to current scientific problems and are in the center of public attention. The aim of the research is to study the features of spatial structuring in accordance with regional policy and national strategic documents, to conduct a content analysis of the socio-economic situation of Russian territories of different ranks. The expected result is the preparation of recommendations for the development of certain aspects of regional economic research. On the basis of factual material on federal districts, the work examines the possibilities of the practical application of methods and tools of regional economic science to achieve high results in business practice. Using general scientific and applied methods, a conceptual vision of the necessary changes in the priorities of spatial development and the system of strategic planning documents is presented. Based on the objective process of digitalization, current trends have been identified and possible innovations in approaches to structuring space at the subnational level have been formulated, and possible directions of transformation in the management of regional socio-economic systems have been substantiated.


Author(s):  
A. I. Borodin ◽  
N. N. Shash ◽  
N. N. Novikova

The condition of a global ecosystem comes nearer to the critical level that is reflected in social and economic development of society. At the present stage the analysis of the world for which the non-stationary behavior, social and economic and ecological crises connected with nonlinearity and multidimensionality of social and economic systems is characteristic has to become a subject of studying of economy and finance. A complex of models of accidents of global social and economic development is created. For carrying out the analysis the methodology of synergetic which is based on the theory of self-organization and a coevolution of difficult systems is chosen. The tools of modeling of the instability of socio-economic systems development which is conceptual and methodological basis, the catastrophe theory are considered. The algorithm is offered and the complex of models allowing to investigate type and nature of dynamics of development of the main macroeconomic indicators, to define possibility of formation of crises is constructed.


Author(s):  
Vera Karadjova ◽  
Snezhana Dichevska

The paper deals with a topic relating to the economic growth, development and general welfare of a national economy, a wider region, or even the entire world, through indicators that differentiate growth from development. It is a complex subject that contains numerous aspects of the life of a community in a certain space, which, because of its complexity, cannot be limited exclusively to economic aspects, so because of that cannot be limited exclusively to economic or monetary indicators. Life in a community besides the economic includes also legal, sociological, philosophical, psychological and other aspects, from which it logically results that measuring the development and welfare is a complex process that can hardly be limited to one indicator. In that sense, the paper addresses issues relating to production, distribution, fairness and equality, employment, unemployment, poverty, productivity, economic stability, sustainable development, human development, a sense of well-being and happiness, etc., in the direction of the thesis for the use of complementary development indicators. The complexity of the process of harmonizing the numerous indicators is further complicated by the need to calculate the degree of their mutual correlation, especially if it concerns divergent indicators or indicators that are mutually exclusive or have a negative correlation. The issue of welfare has been the subject of economic science interest since its very beginnings, even from the time of the first ancient thinkers when it was not singled out as an independent science, through the utopians, to contemporary economic thought. The economic operation and the rational use of limited resources in order to meet unlimited human needs is the heart of the economy. The basic indicator used to measure economic growth is undoubtedly the GDP and GDP per capita. But one has to take into account the distinction between quantitative growth and qualitative development, whereby GDP is an indicator of growth. Development is a broader concept that covers growth, but also technological and any other kind of advancement of the social community. Development as a qualitative feature means the advancement of the qualitative characteristics of society and the well-being of individuals, and the well-being is not only the increase of GDP, but the subjective sense of the people in the community that they live better, a sense of improving the quality of life. Growth and development together make the progress of the community. In this sense the paper elaborates just a few indicators of growth and development that are used parallel, such as GDP, Human Development Index, and the World Happiness index, that do not exclude each other and whose interwoven use gives a fuller picture of growth and development although the ranking of countries around the world according to one of these indicators may be quite different with respect to the ranking according to the other indicator. This only confirms the thesis of the need for a more comprehensive analysis of the analyzed issues and suggestions for a more comprehensive indicator that would be a complementary set of several alternative and complementary ones that would eliminate the shortcomings of its constituent parts, thereby obtaining a relevant indicator of economic development and welfare, without any intention to propose a concrete solution.


Author(s):  
Ivana S. Domazet ◽  
Darko Milivoj Marjanović

The main aim of this work is to determine, on the basis of empirical research, whether and to what extent foreign direct investment has impact on the overall economic development of selected countries in the Western Balkans. Analyses made for the purpose of this paper were performed on the basis of available secondary data possessed by the World Bank for the period of 2000-2012. The research methodology involved the use of the techniques of linear regression and correlation analysis. The first task was to determine whether there is an impact of foreign direct investment on the overall economic development of these countries. Where such influence occurred, it was necessary to define its level in comparison to the influence of other variables. The results of the analysis in this paper suggest that inflow of foreign direct investment does not affect to a significant extent the economic development of selected countries in the Western Balkans.


2021 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
V. E. Dementiev

The article is devoted to the prospects of the evolution of the problematics of economic theory in the post-COVID period. At the same time, the author proceeds from a number of methodological assumptions, including the following two. First, one of the general and enduring tasks of this theory is to anticipate the next challenges on the path of socio-economic development. Secondly, the reconstruction of history is considered in economic science as a tool not only for solving current problems, but also for predicting new challenges. For example, is it advisable to maintain the increased influence of the state on the economy in the context of COVID-19 after the end of the pandemic? This is one of the questions facing economic theory. It is given a non-trivial nature by the tendency of increasing various risks faced by socio-economic development. The challenges associated with the artificial overflow of information channels and manipulation of the behavior of economic agents require close attention. As a particularly important task of economic science, the author sees the search for ways to adapt national economies and their agents in the increased turbulence of the economic environment as a «new normality». As a result, the importance of scientific development of institutional and structural solutions that ensure the adaptability of socio-economic systems increases dramatically.


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