AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK RIMPANG TEMULAWAK  (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)  SEBAGAI LARVASIDA TERHADAP Aedes aegypti DI KECAMATAN KELAPA LIMA KOTA KUPANG

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease that is found in some tropical and subtropical regions. This disease is caused by dengue virus and is transmitted to humans through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. the solution taken in controlling DHF is to break the life cycle of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Vector control is generally carried out using synthetic larvicides, namely abate / temefos, but the use of abate can cause residues, environmental pollution, poisoning and resistance of the eradicated vectors so that natural larvasides from plants are needed namely temulawak rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) for vector control. The purpose of this study was to determine whether temulawak rhizome extract was effective or not in killing Aedes aegypti larvae. This research method includes larva collection, identification and maintenance of mosquitoes, determining sample size, making extracts and testing effectiveness. This study used a control and experiment group with 3 repetitions in the minutes to 15, 30, 45, 60 and 1440 (24 Hours). The control group was positive control using abate and negative control using aquades while the eksperiment group used extract of temulawak rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) with concentrations of 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2% and 1.5%. The results of this study indicate that the temulawak rhizome extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) effective as larvicides because at the lowest concentration 0.6% can kill 100% Aedes aegypti larvae.

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Aedes aegypti Mosquito Potential Larvacidal of Phyllantus niruri L. Leaves Ethanol Extracts

Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences ◽

10.19184/ams.v5i1.6775 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Moh. Lutfi Hasbullah ◽

Yudha Nurdian ◽

Cholis Abrori

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Tap Water ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Test ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease caused by dengue virus transmitted by Aedes aegyptifemale mosquitoes with four major clinical manifestations, such as high fever, hemorrhage,hepatomegaly, and signs of circulatory failure. Indonesia was reported as the 2nd country with thelargest dengue cases among 30 endemic countries. The larvicidal powder is used as one of thedengue virus vector controllers. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of smallgooseberry leaves (Phyllantus niruri L.) to the death of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This study usedquasi experimental method with post test only controlled group design with 1 positive control group(Temephos), 1 group of negative control (tap water), and 5 treatment groups (0.0625%, 0.125%,0.25% , 0.5% and 1% extract) used 20 larvaes of Aedes aegypti instar III each group. The results of thetreatment group extract with a concentration of 0.5% and 1% obtained 100% dead larvae. The resultof linear regression test showed the effect of meniran leaf extract on the death of larvae Ae. aegyptiwith R2 value of 65.2%. The larvacid activity of ethanol extract leaves meniran against larvae Ae.aegypti instar III was directly proportional to concentration with LC50 of 0.174% with 95% confidenceinterval (0.155-0.195).

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MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF BRUCEINE A ON THE LARVAE OF AEDES AEGYPTI LINNAEUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i10.27315 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 422

Author(s):

Dwi Sutiningsih ◽

Mustofa Mustofa ◽

Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto ◽

Edhi Martono

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Histological Change ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Brucea Javanica ◽

Gastrointestinal Damage

Objective: This study aimed to determine a target of action of bruceine A on the basis of its morphological and histological effects on the larvae of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus.Methods: Bruceine A was isolated from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. seeds in accordance with the Mangungsong method. Larvae of A. Aegypti (L.) in instar III to the beginning of instar IV were treated with various concentrations of bruceine A. The negative control group did not receive any treatment, whereas the positive control group received 1 ppm temefos. Dead larvae were collected after 24 h of treatment for the examination of morphological and histological changes.Results: The negative control group did not exhibit any morphological and histological changes. Larvae treated with bruceine A, however, had visible damaged heads, cuticles, digestive and respiration tracts, respiratory siphons, and setae, and they were smaller than normal larvae. Larvae treated with temefos exhibited gastrointestinal damage, narrowed breathing tubes, cuticle damage, and detached/damaged seta feathers. The necrosis of gastrointestinal epithelial cells was the major histological change exhibited by larvae treated with various concentrations of bruceine A or 1 ppm temefos.Conclusion: The targets of action of bruceine A in A. aegypti (L.) larvae are the head/caput, cuticle, setae, siphon, and gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.

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Transcriptomic analysis and molecular docking reveal genes involved in the response of Aedes aegypti larvae to an essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0009587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. e0009587

Author(s):

Ivana Sierra ◽

Jose Manuel Latorre-Estivalis ◽

Lucila Traverso ◽

Paula V. Gonzalez ◽

Ariel Aptekmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Docking ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Vector Control ◽

Gene Families ◽

Control Group ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Rna Seq ◽

Chemosensory Proteins ◽

The Impact

Background Aedes aegypti (L.) is an urban mosquito, vector of several arboviruses that cause severe diseases in hundreds of million people each year. The resistance to synthetic insecticides developed by Ae. aegypti populations worldwide has contributed to failures in vector control campaigns, increasing the impact of arbovirus diseases. In this context, plant-derived essential oils with larvicidal activity could be an attractive alternative for vector control. However, the mode of action and the detoxificant response of mosquitoes to plant derived compounds have not been established, impairing the optimization of their use. Methods and findings Here we compare gene expression in Ae. aegypti larvae after 14 hrs of exposure to Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil with a control group exposed to vehicle (acetone) for the same lapse, by using RNA-Seq. We found differentially expressed genes encoding for cuticle proteins, fatty-acid synthesis, membrane transporters and detoxificant related gene families (i.e. heat shock proteins, cytochromes P450, glutathione transferases, UDP-glycosyltransferases and ABC transporters). Finally, our RNA-Seq and molecular docking results provide evidence pointing to a central involvement of chemosensory proteins in the detoxificant response in mosquitoes. Conclusions and significance Our work contributes to the understanding of the physiological response of Ae. aegypti larvae to an intoxication with a natural toxic distilled from Eucalyptus leafs. The results suggest an involvement of most of the gene families associated to detoxification of xenobiotics in insects. Noteworthy, this work provides important information regarding the implication of chemosensory proteins in the detoxification of a natural larvicide. Understanding the mode of detoxification of Eucalyptus distilled compounds could contribute to their implementation as a tool in mosquito control.

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APPLICATION OF LARVITRAP AND OVITRAP TO CONTROL Aedes sp. IN DHF ENDEMIC AREAS

Buletin Keslingmas ◽

10.31983/keslingmas.v39i4.6589 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 210-213

Author(s):

Arif - Widyanto

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Research Method ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Central Java ◽

Working Principle ◽

Endemic Areas ◽

Control Tool ◽

Mosquito Vector Control

Alternative mosquito vector control at this time that is cheap, practical and relatively safe to the environment is needed by developing countries such as Indonesia.One of the methods of controlling Aedes sp without insecticides is the use of larvae traps (larvitrap). The working principle of larvitrap is that the eggs trapped in the tool The incidence rate (IR) of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever per 100.000 population in Central Java in the last five years is as follows: 2011 amounted to 15,27 in 2012 amounted to 19,29 in 2013 amounted to 45,52 in 2014 amounted to 32,95 and years 2015 amounted to 34,87. Since 2010 DHF has spread to all districts / cities in Central Java. Larvitrap and ovitrap are tools that can be used as traps for Aedes sp. Both of these tools can be used with additional attractants which can serve to attract the attention of Aedes sp. in order to lay eggs on the tool. Larvae that hatch from eggs in the larvitrap eventually cannot become adults and will die. Mosquito eggs trapped in the ovitrap can be destroyed so that they do not develop into adult mosquitoes. The research objective was to determine the effectiveness of using larvitrap and ovitrap as a control tool for Aedes sp (DHF vector).The research method used is experimental research. The research location is in the Banyumas Regency area. Larvitrap made of plastic jars and pralon was painted black and modified using gauze on the top. Ovitrap from plastic cups was painted black and given an ovistrip. Larvitrap and ovitrap were placed in DHF endemic areas. After the larvitrap and ovitrap are taken, the number of trapped Aedes sp and the larvitrap / ovitrap index is calculated. Furthermore, analyzed the effectiveness of using larvitrap and ovitrap as a means of controlling mosquitoes Aedes sp.The results showed that the larvitrap index in the larvitrap installation in Pandak Village was 60%, while in Mersi Village it was 56,7%. The ovitrap index in the ovitrap installation in Pandak Village was 36,7%, while in Mersi Village it was 33,3%. The number of larvae trapped in the larvitrap installation in Pandak Village were 832 larvae, while in Mersi Village there were 985 larvae. The number of eggs trapped in the ovitrap installation in Pandak Village were 518 eggs, while in Mersi Village there were 811 eggs.The conclusion of this research is that larvitrap is more effective to control Aedes sp than ovitrap. The community is advised to use larvitrap as a tool to control the Aedes sp (DHF vector.

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BIOINSECTICIDE AGAINST AEDES AEGYPTI MOSQUITOES DERIVED FROM LEMONGRASS (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACT

Damianus: Journal of Medicine ◽

10.25170/djm.v20i1.1222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 18-25

Author(s):

Jennifer Wiranatha ◽

Robby Makimian ◽

Rita Dewi

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Lethal Effect ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Chemical Insecticide ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is one of the most common infectious diseases in Indonesia. The vector of this disease is Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti). Dengue hemorrhagic fever can be controlled by a few measures, one of them is using insecticide. However, frequent use of chemical insecticide could lead to resistance and is harmful to non-target organisms. One of the solutions for this problem is the use of bioinsecticide derived from lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus or C. citratus) leaves extract. Methods: The design of this study is true experimental post-test only control group. The population used are adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. For each experiment, 10 mosquitoes are required and given the extract of C. citratus in 2%, 10%, and 20% concentrations, and negative control respectively.The lethal effect of the extract is observed in 10, 30, 60 minutes and 6, 12, 18, 24 hours. Results: There is a significant difference in the lethal effect of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes with variations in duration of exposure to the C. citratus leaves extract (p = 0.007), but no significant difference with variations in extract concentration given (p = 0.281). Conclusion: C. citratus leaves extract has bioinsecticidal effect on Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. The optimal result of mosquito mortality is achieved by using the extract in 20% concentration with duration of 12 hours.

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Effectivity of Bacterial Suspension Bacillus thuringiensis Var Israelensis in Killing Aedes aegypti L. Mosquito Larvae

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v18i4.42873 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 706-710

Author(s):

Tri Wahyuni Sukesi ◽

Sulistyawati ◽

Eva Hendrawati ◽

Surahma Asti Mulasari

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Medical Science ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Control Group ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a disease transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Prevention of transmission of this disease one of which is the chemical control with temefos, but the use of sustainable temefos can cause insect resistance and environmental damage. Therefore we need an effective and safe alternative to larvicide, the suspension of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis. Methods: This study used a type of true experimental research design with posttest only control group design. Samples used in this study are the third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Concentrations used in this study were a 0.01%; Of 0.02%; Of 0.03%; 0:04% and 0.05% by the number of 25 larvae per treatment and 3 times replication. Results: Based on the Kruskal Walls obtained a value of 0.009> 0.05 means there is a stock mortality of larvae using a suspension of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, temefos and distilled. Test Mann Whitney showed that among the positive control (temefos a 0.01%) and negative control (distilled water) there are differences in the number of larvae mortality significantly, the positive control treatment with no significant difference, and between negative control and treatments armpits there are differences in the number of deaths larvae significant. The LC50 value obtained was 0.010% and the LT50 value obtained was 2,683 hours. Conclusions: The suspension of bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis is effective in killing the larvae of Aedes aegypti with LC50 values of 0.0105 and LT50 values on the clock to 2.683. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.706-710

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Larvacide effectiveness of Papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya) on the mortality of larvae vector of Dengue hemorrhagic fever caused by Aedes aegypti

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/913/1/012110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 913 (1) ◽

pp. 012110

Author(s):

N F Dhenge ◽

P Pakan ◽

K Lidia

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Positive Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design

Abstract Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infection caused by the dengue virus, which is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Chemical insecticides as larvicides used to control Aedes aegypti have created resistant populations. Thus, higher doses are needed, which, of course, have toxic effects on animals, humans, and the environment.To analyze the effectiveness of papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya) against the mortality of the third instar Aedesaegypti mosquito larvae. This study is a true experimental research design with a posttest-only control group design. In this study, the groups in this study were the larvae of the Aedes aegypti mosquito instar III/IV, papaya leaf ethanol extract, abate as a positive control group, and aquadest as a negative control.The results of the mean number of larvae deaths in each treatment group was zero (0) larvae in negative control group, positive control group (25 larvae), 5% concentration (9.5 larvae), 10% concentration (11.75 larvae), 15% concentration (12.75 larvae), a concentration of 20% (14.75 larvae), and a concentration of 25% (19.5 larvae). The results of Kruskal Wallis analysis showed that papaya leaf extract was effective as a larvicide for Aedesaegypti (p=0.001). In the probit analysis, it was found that the LC50 of the extract against Aedes aegypti was 23%, while the LC99 was 55%.Papaya leaf extract is effective as a vegetable larvicide for 3rd/IV instar Aedesaegypti larvae

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PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya) TERHADAP KEMATIAN LARVA NYAMUK Aedes agypti INSTAR III

Medical and Health Science Journal ◽

10.33086/mhsj.v3i1.921 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 7-16

Author(s):

Jonathan Payangka ◽

Risma Risma ◽

Prajogo Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Organophosphate Insecticide ◽

Control Group Design

Background: Papaya leaves (Carica papaya) extract is a natural larvacide that contains papain and alkaloid karpain so its usage is safe for the environment. The larvacide properties can also be used to reduce the amount of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. This mosquito species is the main vector for the virus that causes dengue fever which incident number increases over the years. There have been a few methods used to control the mosquito’s amount, one of which is by decreasing the number of Aedes aegypti’s larvae using the organophosphate insecticide chemical known as temefos. Temefos is really effective in killing the Aedes aegypti larvae but it has a lot of side effects especially towards the environment. By controlling the number of the Aedes aegypti’s larvae, hopefully the number of the dengue fever case can also be reduced. Objective: To prove that the papaya leaves (Carica papaya) extract have effects on the death of Aedes aegypti’s instar III larvae. Method: This is an experimental research what uses a post test only control group design. The study consists of seven groups, which are positive control that is given abate powder, negative control that is given only aquadest, and five groups treated with concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%; repeated for four times. The calculation of the amount of dead larvae is done within the first 24 hours. Result: Based on the Kruskal-Wallis test, p’s value is <α with p value being 0.000 and α being 0.05. It proves the significance of the experiment. Conclusion: The papaya leaves (Carica papaya) extract have effects on the death of Aedes aegypti’s instar III larvae

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Repellent Effectiveness of Permot Leaf Ethanol Extract (Passiflora Foetida Linn.) against Aedes Aegypti Adult Mosquitoes

Journal of Parasite Science ◽

10.20473/jops.v5i1.29962 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

David Mohamad Qadafi ◽

Poedji Hastutiek ◽

Lilik Maslachah ◽

Endang Suprihati ◽

Muhammad Hambal

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Effectiveness Rate ◽

The World ◽

Passiflora Foetida ◽

The Tropics ◽

One Way Anova

Indonesia is one of the largest tropical countries in the world and various diseases can arise in the tropics which are caused by animals as vectors. An example of a vector that can carry diseases is a mosquito. Mosquitoes are insects that live side by side with humans buy act as vectors of disease. Mosquito Aedes aegypti is a type of mosquito that can carry the virus that causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Permot leaf ethanol extract (Passiflora foetida L.) as an alternative repellent against adult mosquitoes Aedes aegypti. This research was conducted from October to December 2020 and used Permot leaf ethanol extract consisting of 3 cream concentrations, namely 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, negative control using cream without permot leaf ethanol extract and positive control using mosquito cream. The data of this study were tested using one way ANOVA to find the effectiveness rate and comparations of the each Permot leaf repellent extract. This study proven that the permot leaf ethanol extract is effective as a repellent for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

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Larvicidal Activity of Brusatol Isolated from Brucea javanica (L) Merr on Culex quinquefasciatus

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v48i4.1002 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dwi SUTININGSIH ◽

Nurjazuli NURJAZULI ◽

Djoko NUGROHO ◽

Tri Baskoro Tunggul SATOTO

Keyword(s):

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Chemical Insecticide ◽

Brucea Javanica

Background: Vector control is still emphasized on the using of chemical insecticide which can cause death of non-target organisms, pollution and vector resistance. Therefore, natural insecticides/larvicides are an alternative to using chemical insecticides to control the mosquito vector. Methods: Brusatol was isolated from the seeds of Makassar Fruit (Brucea javanica L. Merr). Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were divided into 3 groups, i.e. 6 testing groups and one negative and positive control group. In the negative control group, the larvae were treated with 100 ml aquadest and positive control was treated with temephos 1 ppm. After 24 hours, dead larvae were calculated and the percentage of death was determined. The dead larvae were then examined for morphological changes using a light microscope. Results: The higher of the concentration level of brusatol, the higher number of the death of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae (P<0.05). The value of brusatol Lethal Concentration 50 to larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus was 0.010 ± 0.122 and value of brusatol Lethal Concentration 90 to larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus was 0.654 ± 0.081 ppm. The higher the concentration of brusatol, the morphological damage of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae was getting worse and widespread to cause damage to the digestive tract and cuticle. Conclusion: Brusatol isolated from the seed of B. javanica (L) Merr have larvicidal activity to the Cx. quinquefasciatus which is potential to be natural larvicide.

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