scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis and molecular docking reveal genes involved in the response of Aedes aegypti larvae to an essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009587
Author(s):  
Ivana Sierra ◽  
Jose Manuel Latorre-Estivalis ◽  
Lucila Traverso ◽  
Paula V. Gonzalez ◽  
Ariel Aptekmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Chemosensory Proteins ◽  
The Impact

Background Aedes aegypti (L.) is an urban mosquito, vector of several arboviruses that cause severe diseases in hundreds of million people each year. The resistance to synthetic insecticides developed by Ae. aegypti populations worldwide has contributed to failures in vector control campaigns, increasing the impact of arbovirus diseases. In this context, plant-derived essential oils with larvicidal activity could be an attractive alternative for vector control. However, the mode of action and the detoxificant response of mosquitoes to plant derived compounds have not been established, impairing the optimization of their use. Methods and findings Here we compare gene expression in Ae. aegypti larvae after 14 hrs of exposure to Eucalyptus camaldulensis essential oil with a control group exposed to vehicle (acetone) for the same lapse, by using RNA-Seq. We found differentially expressed genes encoding for cuticle proteins, fatty-acid synthesis, membrane transporters and detoxificant related gene families (i.e. heat shock proteins, cytochromes P450, glutathione transferases, UDP-glycosyltransferases and ABC transporters). Finally, our RNA-Seq and molecular docking results provide evidence pointing to a central involvement of chemosensory proteins in the detoxificant response in mosquitoes. Conclusions and significance Our work contributes to the understanding of the physiological response of Ae. aegypti larvae to an intoxication with a natural toxic distilled from Eucalyptus leafs. The results suggest an involvement of most of the gene families associated to detoxification of xenobiotics in insects. Noteworthy, this work provides important information regarding the implication of chemosensory proteins in the detoxification of a natural larvicide. Understanding the mode of detoxification of Eucalyptus distilled compounds could contribute to their implementation as a tool in mosquito control.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK RIMPANG TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) SEBAGAI LARVASIDA TERHADAP Aedes aegypti DI KECAMATAN KELAPA LIMA KOTA KUPANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Deswandi W. S. Berri ◽  
Julianty Almet ◽  
Diana Agustiani Wuri
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽  
Mosquito Vector Control

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease that is found in some tropical and subtropical regions. This disease is caused by dengue virus and is transmitted to humans through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. the solution taken in controlling DHF is to break the life cycle of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Vector control is generally carried out using synthetic larvicides, namely abate / temefos, but the use of abate can cause residues, environmental pollution, poisoning and resistance of the eradicated vectors so that natural larvasides from plants are needed namely temulawak rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) for vector control. The purpose of this study was to determine whether temulawak rhizome extract was effective or not in killing Aedes aegypti larvae. This research method includes larva collection, identification and maintenance of mosquitoes, determining sample size, making extracts and testing effectiveness. This study used a control and experiment group with 3 repetitions in the minutes to 15, 30, 45, 60 and 1440 (24 Hours). The control group was positive control using abate and negative control using aquades while the eksperiment group used extract of temulawak rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) with concentrations of 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2% and 1.5%. The results of this study indicate that the temulawak rhizome extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) effective as larvicides because at the lowest concentration 0.6% can kill 100% Aedes aegypti larvae.

scholarly journals Integrated Control of Aedes Aegypti With Parasitic Nematodes, Biological Control Agents, Chemical Insecticides and Plant Essential Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Xiong ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Caixia Li ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
Hui Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Competitive Binding Assay ◽  
Density Control

Abstract Aedes aegypti can transmit dengue fever, yellow fever, Chikungunya fever, Zika virus disease and vector density control is the most effective way to prevent these infectious diseases. However, the extensive use of chemical pesticides has caused a series of problems, such as environmental pollution, killing non-target organisms and so on. In this study, a parasitic nematode, Romanomermis wuchangensis was used in the larviciding evaluation of Ae. aegypti, while the activity of four chemical insecticides and biological control agents were tested. Besides, Mentha haplocalyx essential oil was isolated and its olfactory physiological function with OBP1 protein of Ae. aegypti antenna was measured by the prokaryotic expression and fluorescence competitive binding assay. Compared with the control group, R. wuchangensis indicated high efficiency and environmental friendliness in the control of Ae. aegypti. After the second instar larvae were parasitized, the mortality of two treatment groups exceeded 75%. Compared to control group, the quantitative real-time PCR analysis results demonstrated that SOD, POD and CAT genes had obvious high expression levels in the nematodes parasitic groups. The antioxidant enzyme test results also exhibited obvious difference of SOD, CAT and POD during the nematode parasitic period. Besides, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bti) and chemical insecticide experimental results also showed great insecticidal efficacy against mosquito larvae. Five chemical components including Menthol, Pinene, Limonene, Isopulegol and Pulegone were identified from M. haplocalyx and exhibited great binding ability with AaegOBP1 protein. Present results illustrated that the integrated application of these various mosquito vector control methods in the future has broad prospects.

scholarly journals Blue Tansy Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Repellent Activity Against Aedes aegypti and Attractant Activity for Ceratitis capitata

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2199019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Stappen ◽  
Juergen Wanner ◽  
Nurhayat Tabanca ◽  
Ulrich R. Bernier ◽  
Paul E. Kendra
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Potential Applications

Blue tansy essential oil (BTEO) ( Tanacetum annuum L.) was analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID using two different capillary column stationary phases. Sabinene (14.0%), camphor (13.6%), myrcene (8.0%), β-pinene (7.7%), and chamazulene (6.9%) were the main components using an SE52 column (non-polar). On a polar CW20M phase column, sabinene (15.1%), camphor (14.4%), α-phellandrene (7.9%), β-pinene (7.7%), and myrcene (6.9%) were the most abundant compounds. To assess the oil for potential applications in integrated pest management strategies, behavioral bioassays were conducted to test for repellency against yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, and for attractant activity for Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. Results showed that BTEO was not effective in repelling Ae. aegypti (minimum effective dosage [MED]: 0.625 ± 0.109 mg/cm2 compared with the standard insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide). In assays with male C. capitata, BTEO displayed mild attraction compared with two positive controls (essential oils from tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia and African ginger bush Tetradenia riparia). Additional studies are needed to identify the specific attractant chemicals in BTEO and to determine if they confer a synergistic effect when combined with other known attractants for C. capitata. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first investigation of BTEO for repellency against the mosquito vector Ae. aegypti and for attractancy to C. capitata, a major agricultural pest worldwide.

scholarly journals Household-Level Risk Factors for Aedes aegypti Pupal Density in Guayaquil, Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thien-An Ha ◽  
Tomás M. León ◽  
Karina Lalangui ◽  
Patricio Ponce ◽  
John M. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Level Model ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundVector-borne diseases are a major cause of disease burden in Guayaquil, Ecuador, especially arboviruses spread by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Understanding which household characteristics and risk factors lead to higher Ae. aegypti densities and consequent disease risk can help inform and optimize vector control programs.MethodsCross-sectional entomological surveys were conducted in Guayaquil between 2013 and 2016, covering household demographics, municipal services, potential breeding containers, presence of Ae. aegypti larvae and pupae, and history of using mosquito control methods. A zero-truncated negative binomial regression model was fitted to data for estimating the household pupal index. An additional model assessed the factors of the most productive breeding sites across all of the households.ResultsOf surveyed households, 610 satisfied inclusion criteria. The final household-level model found that collection of large solid items (e.g., furniture and tires) and rainfall the week of and 2 weeks before collection were negatively correlated with average pupae per container, while bed canopy use, unemployment, container water volume, and the interaction between large solid collection and rainfall 2 weeks before the sampling event were positively correlated. Selection of these variables across other top candidate models with ΔAICc < 1 was robust, with the strongest effects from large solid collection and bed canopy use. The final container-level model explaining the characteristics of breeding sites found that contaminated water is positively correlated with Ae. aegypti pupae counts while breeding sites composed of car parts, furniture, sewerage parts, vases, ceramic material, glass material, metal material, and plastic material were all negatively correlated.ConclusionHaving access to municipal services like bulky item pickup was effective at reducing mosquito proliferation in households. Association of bed canopy use with higher mosquito densities is unexpected, and may be a consequence of large local mosquito populations or due to limited use or effectiveness of other vector control methods. The impact of rainfall on mosquito density is multifaceted, as it may both create new habitat and “wash out” existing habitat. Providing services and social/technical interventions focused on monitoring and eliminating productive breeding sites is important for reducing aquatic-stage mosquito densities in households at risk for Ae. aegypti-transmitted diseases.

Bionomics of Anopheles Arabiensis from Mamfene in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa): An Area of High Malaria Transmission in the Province

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Maharaj ◽  
Vishan Lakan ◽  
Kiash Maharaj
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Larval Control ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Although great strides have been made in controlling malaria, the disease is of significant public health importance. Historically, efforts to control the vector has concentrated on adult vector control targeting the female Anopheles mosquitoes. As there is now a focus on eliminating residual malaria from KwaZulu-Natal, new strategies are being investigated to increase the impact of malaria elimination strategies. Greater attention is now being given to larval control, as a complementary measure to indoor residual spraying. However, there is a large gap in knowledge of the bionomics of the larval stages of this mosquito vector of malaria in South Africa. In order to focus on both larval and adult mosquito control methods, larval development and the reproductive stages of the vector were investigated since these variables influences our ability to impact mosquito populations through larval control. This study was therefore conducted to determine the peak eruption times and the emergent sex ratios, as well as the peak egg oviposition time in order to attack the mosquito when it is at its most vulnerable and when control interventions will have the most impact.Results: Oviposition studies showed two peaks corresponding with late evening and again just before dawn. Most eggs were also laid in the first half of the night (18h00 – midnight). Most mosquitoes erupted just after sunset and the sex ratios showed that twice as many females as males emerged. Females readily took a bloodmeal after oviposition or just after erupting. Hatch rate to viable first instar larvae was 74.5%.Conclusions: The results of this study have provided information as to when interventions would be most effective in controlling mosquito populations and have provided information that highlights the value of larval control as a complementary measure to adult mosquito control. The most vulnerable stages of the female Anopheles arabiensis are when they have just emerged or when they have just oviposited. Vector control strategies should be designed to target these vulnerable stages at the breeding sites in order to have maximum impact.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of kdr Mutations V1016I and F1534C and Its Association With Phenotypic Resistance to Pyrethroids in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations From Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 830-836
Author(s):  
Aryana Zardkoohi ◽  
David Castañeda ◽  
Juan C Lol ◽  
Carmen Castillo ◽  
Francisco Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance

Abstract Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is considered the most important mosquito vector species for several arboviruses (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, Zika) in Costa Rica. The primary strategy for the control and prevention of Aedes-borne diseases relies on insecticide-based vector control. However, the emergence of insecticide resistance in the mosquito populations presents a significant threat to these prevention actions. The characterization of the mechanisms driving the insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti is vital for decision making in vector control programs. Therefore, we analyzed the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene for the presence of the V1016I and F1534C kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti populations from Puntarenas and Limon provinces, Costa Rica. The CDC bottle bioassays showed that both Costa Rican Ae. aegypti populations were resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin. In the case of kdr genotyping, results revealed the co-occurrence of V1016I and F1534C mutations in permethrin and deltamethrin-resistant populations, as well as the fixation of the 1534C allele. A strong association between these mutations and permethrin and deltamethrin resistance was found in Puntarenas. Limon did not show this association; however, our results indicate that the Limon population analyzed is not under the same selective pressure as Puntarenas for the VGSC gene. Therefore, our findings make an urgent call to expand the knowledge about the insecticide resistance status and mechanisms in the Costa Rican populations of Ae. aegypti, which must be a priority to develop an effective resistance management plan.

scholarly journals RNA-seq analyses of blood-induced changes in gene expression in the mosquito vector species, Aedes aegypti

BMC Genomics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Bonizzoni ◽  
W Augustine Dunn ◽  
Corey L Campbell ◽  
Ken E Olson ◽  
Michelle T Dimon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of kdr mutations V1016I and F1534C in pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryana Zardkoohi ◽  
David Castañeda ◽  
Carmen Castillo ◽  
Juan C Lol ◽  
Francisco Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Control And Prevention

AbstractAedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is considered the most important mosquito vector species for several arboviruses (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, Zika) in Costa Rica. The main strategy for the control and prevention of Aedes-borne diseases relies on insecticide-based vector control. However, the emergence of insecticide resistance in the mosquito populations present a big threat for the prevention actions. The characterization of the mechanisms driving the insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti are vital for decision making in vector control programs. Therefore, we analyzed the voltage-gated sodium channel gene for the presence of the V1016I and F1534C kdr mutations in pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti populations from Puntarenas and Limon provinces, Costa Rica. The CDC bottle bioassays showed that both Costa Rican Ae. aegypti populations were resistant to permethrin and deltamethrin. In the case of kdr genotyping, results revealed the co-occurrence of V1016I and F1534C mutations in permethrin and deltamethrin-resistant populations, as well as the fixation of the 1534C allele. Therefore, our findings make an urgent call to expand the knowledge about the insecticide resistance status and mechanisms in the Costa Rican populations of Ae. aegypti which must be a priority to develop an effective resistance management plan.

scholarly journals Laboratory colonization by Dirofilaria immitis alters the microbiome of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulsalam Adegoke ◽  
Erik Neff ◽  
Amie Geary ◽  
Montana Ciara Husser ◽  
Kevin Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The ability of blood feeding arthropods to successfully acquire and transmit pathogens of medical and veterinary importance has been shown to be interfered with, or enhanced by, the arthropod’s native microbiome. Mosquitoes transmit viruses, protozoan and filarial nematodes, the majority of which contribute to the 17% of infectious disease cases worldwide. Dirofilaria immitis , a mosquito transmitted by filarial nematodes of dogs and cats, is vectored by several mosquito species including Aedes aegypti . Methods: In this study, we investigated the impact of D. immitis colonization on the microbiome of laboratory reared female A. aegypti . Metagenomic analysis of the V3-V4 variable region of the microbial 16SRNA was used for identification of the microbial differences down to species level. Results We generated a total of 1068 OTUs representing 16 phyla, 181 genera and 271 bacterial species. Overall, in order of abundance, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the most represented phylum with D. immitis infected mosquitoes having more of Proteobacteria (71%) than uninfected mosquitoes (56.9%). An interesting finding in this study is the detection of Klebsiella oxytoca in relatively similar abundance in infected and uninfected mosquitoes, suggesting a possible endosymbiotic relationship, and has been previously shown to indirectly compete for nutrients with fungi on domestic housefly eggs and larva. While D. immitis colonization has no effect on the overall species richness, we identified significant differences in the composition of selected bacteria genus and phylum between the two groups. We also reported distinct compositional and phylogenetic differences in the individual bacteria species when commonly identified bacteria were compared. Conclusions In conclusion, this is the first study to the best of our knowledge to understand the impact of a filarial infection on the microbiome of its mosquito vector. Further studies are required to identify bacteria species that could play an important role in the mosquito biology. While the microbiome composition of A. aegypti mosquito have been previously reported, our study shows that in an effort to establish itself, a filarial nematode modifies and alters the overall microbial diversity within its mosquito host.

scholarly journals Impact of Cymbopogon flexuosus (Poaceae) essential oil and primary components on the eclosion and larval development of Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Mariela Castillo-Morales ◽  
Sugey Ortiz Serrano ◽  
Adriana Lisseth Rodríguez Villamizar ◽  
Stelia Carolina Mendez-Sanchez ◽  
Jonny E. Duque
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Larval Length ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus

AbstractThe current study describes the effects of sub-lethal concentrations and constituent compounds (citral and geranyl acetate) of Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil (EO) on the development of Aedes aegypti. We treated eggs with 6, 18, or 30 mg L−1 and larvae with 3 or 6 mg L−1 of EO and its major compounds (citral and geranyl acetate). Citral and geranyl acetate were evaluated at 18, 30, and 42 mg L−1 and compared with commercial growth inhibitors (diflubenzuron and methoprene). We measured larval head diameter, siphon length, and larval length. Finally, we examined concentrations of molt hormone (MH) and juvenile hormone III (JH III) using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. All geranyl acetate concentrations decreased egg hatching, while EO altered molting among larval instars and between larvae and pupae, with an increase in the larval length (3 mg L−1: 6 ± 0.0 mm; 6 mg L−1: 6 ± 0.7 mm) and head width (3 mg L−1: 0.8 ± 0 mm; 6 mg L−1: 0.8 ± 0.0 mm) compared with the control group. We did not detect chromatographic signals of MH and JH III in larvae treated with C. flexuosus EO or their major compounds. The sub-lethal concentrations C. flexuosus EO caused a similar effect to diflubenzuron, namely decreased hormone concentrations, an extended larval period, and death.

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