Safety of medical activities as an integrated problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Алан Карсанов ◽  
Alan Karsanov ◽  
Наталья Полунина ◽  
Natal'ya Polunina
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Healthcare Organization ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Medical Activity ◽  
Staff Motivation ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
Clinical Risks

The combined nature of the factors that threaten the patient and the complex subordination of many clinical risks are the basis of the authors' perception of the safety of medical activity (SMA) as a complex problem, the solution of which should be sought in improving managerial measures of a systemic nature. As structural components of an integrated approach to providing SMA, measures should be implemented aimed at increasing staff motivation, at increasing the level of medical communications, at introducing modern diagnostic and medical technologies, at improving the control and administrative component based on the industrial model of healthcare organization.

scholarly journals Legal and economic problems of improvement of the control system of the medical waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 656-662
Author(s):  
Nina G. Shamshurina ◽  
Nadezhda V. Prisyazhnaya ◽  
Julia V. Pavlova ◽  
Sergey V. Shulyat'ev
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Medical Activity

Introduction. The article is devoted to the current problem of regional development - to the address with the waste of medical origin and the creation of a control system of medical waste as an element of internal quality control and safety of the medical activity. Functioning of a control system of medical waste and ensuring introduction in the medical organizations of progressive, cost-effective methods of hardware disinfecting of dangerous medical waste in the epidemiological relation are the priority factors forming the level of population health of the population of Russia. Safe utilization - the key direction of functioning of a system of the address of medical waste - at the same time the potential epidemiological and ecological danger determines the need of legal and financial and economic support of a control system of medical waste, both on federal, and at the regional level. Creation of environmentally friendly ways of the address with medical waste, effective management of these processes, their legal support belongs to the system of ensuring national security.Material and methods. Authors carried out the analysis of current state of the address with medical waste in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, application of an integrated approach to utilization and neutralizations of waste of this type within regional environmental policy is reasoned. Gaps of legal regulation of a control system of medical waste on the basis of the analysis of law-enforcement practice are revealed. A methodical approach is proposed, the peculiarity of which is the legal and financial justification of the territorial schemes used in the regions for the treatment of medical waste. The methodological tools of the study include statistical methods of processing data on the disposal and disposal of medical waste. Approbation of methodical tools is carried out on the example of the Moscow region.Results. The Moscow region pays close attention to the methods of medical waste management, the desire to ensure environmental safety, preventing the violation of the law in matters of disposal of medical waste. On the other hand, low satisfaction of the authorities with the pace of solving the problem of recycling, not included in the process of medical activity of health care institutions, the consequences of which may be medical waste requiring disinfection and treatment. The result of the study are recommendations of the need for interregional interaction in the field of placement and construction of complexes on processing, utilization, and neutralization of medical waste of different hazard classes.Conclusion. Authors consider the perspective direction of scientific and technological development creation of the hi-tech equipment for utilization of different types of medical waste with receiving secondary raw materials and also neutralization of extremely hazardous and highly hazardous medical waste.

An integrated approach to lithologic inversion—Part I: Theory

Geophysics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. M. Lörtzer ◽  
A. J. Berkhout
Keyword(s):  
Water Saturation ◽  
Grid Point ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Seismic Velocities ◽  
Practical Situation ◽  
Inversion Result ◽  
New Formalism ◽  
Prespecified Accuracy

For the complex problem of lithologic inversion a new formalism is proposed, using a spatial distribution of seismic velocities ([Formula: see text]) and densities (ρ) as input. At each subsurface grid point, the inversion result consists of the most likely lithotype (gas, sand, shale, etc.) together with its related litho parameters (frame strength, porosity, etc.). The inversion method is based on the Bayesian theory of parameter estimation, allowing specification of inaccuracies in the input and the incorporation of geological knowledge. An important advantage of the proposed inversion method is that for each practical situation the necessary accuracy of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and ρ can be predetermined to distinguish between specific lithotypes or to estimate a specific litho parameter with a prespecified accuracy. For instance, inversion results show that water saturation can only be estimated for an unrealistic accurate input. On the other hand, for the estimation of porosities it is generally sufficient to have compressional velocities available with a realistic accuracy.

scholarly journals Agricultural Nitrogen Pollution of Freshwater in Germany. The Governance of Sustaining a Complex Problem

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Kirschke ◽  
Astrid Häger ◽  
Dieter Kirschke ◽  
Jeanette Völker
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Nitrogen Pollution ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Governance Instruments

The nitrogen pollution of freshwater heavily affects social–ecological systems. To reduce negative effects, research calls for an integrated approach, including a coherent and diverse set of governance instruments. Thus far, however, the effects of (non-)integration have been blurry. Taking Germany as an example, this study sheds light on the actual complexity of the problem along five dimensions of complexity (goals, variables, dynamics, interconnections, and uncertainties). It also sheds light on related governance instruments (rules, information, and economic incentives) and their impacts on problem-solving (implementation of specific measures). Analyses include expert interviews on complexity, European water and agricultural policies, and official data on the planning and implementation of measures to reduce nitrogen concentrations. Results show Germany’s path of sustaining a complex problem by using a non-coherent and low diversity governance approach, avoiding rigorous rules, and barely using economic instruments to deal with nitrogen surpluses. A stronger integration of water and agricultural policies, as well as a better use of economic instruments, are suggested to enhance water quality in the future.

scholarly journals Socio-Ecological Model of Correlates of Double Burden of Malnutrition in Developing Countries: A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmudiono ◽  
Segalita ◽  
Rosenkranz
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

(1) Background: The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) is a complex problem involving the coexistence of under- and over-nutrition within the same individual, household or population. This review aimed to discuss the correlates of the double burden of malnutrition through the socio-ecological model (SEM); (2) Methods: The PubMed database was systematically searched for peer-reviewed articles related to the double burden of malnutrition. Information on correlates of the double burden of malnutrition was extracted for analysis and discussion in alignment with the levels of the socio-ecological model.; (3) Results and Discussion: The correlates of the double burden of malnutrition identified from previous literature were: race/genetics; maternal short stature; breastfeeding status; low maternal education; family size; household food security; household dietary diversity; and rural and urban settings. In the absence of evidence linking factors in a certain level of the SEM and the double burden of malnutrition, we employed correlates of overweight status and obesity to complete this narrative. Potential intervention strategies were proposed in alignment with the targets and settings identified, based on the socio-ecological approach; (4) Conclusions: The double burden of malnutrition is a public health phenomenon associated with a variety of socio-ecological determinants. An integrated approach is needed to address the root causes of malnutrition in all its forms, and at all life stages.

scholarly journals Case Article—Integrating Network Design Models for a Global Supply Network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Network Design Problem ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Assignment Problems ◽  
Design Models ◽  
Holistic Understanding

In typical operations research courses, optimization problems, such as transportation and assignment problems, are frequently discussed and taught as stand-alone problems. An integrated approach may prove to be necessary in order to enable students to have a holistic understanding of a complex problem (e.g., a project). In this paper, a global supply network design problem is presented where the case company can source from multiple “suppliers” using multiple modes of transport (including the use of containers with different capacities), allowing lateral supply between warehouses, etc. As more factors are considered, the problem becomes much more complex than any isolated problem in a typical course. The case was tested in an undergraduate course in Australia, and students found this case challenging but at the same time rewarding once solved.

ICTs and Distance Education in Nigeria

2009 ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwachukwu Prince Ololube ◽  
Andrew Egba Ubogu
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Policy Dialogue ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Educational Methodology

Advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) have posed complex problem for colleges and universities in Nigeria especially in their distance education programs (Ololube, 2006). Improving the quality of education through the diversification of contents and methods and promoting experimentation, innovation, the diffusion and sharing of information and best practices as well as policy dialogue are UNESCO’s strategic objectives in education (UNESCO, 2002, 2005). As such, information and communication technologies (ICTs) literacy rate have become key tools that have a revolutionary impact on how we see the world and how we live in it. This phenomenon has given birth to the contemporary and advances in our ways of life. ICTs are having a revolutionary impact on educational methodology. However, this revolution is not widespread and needs to be strengthened to reach a large percentage of the population through distance education. In a complex society, many factors affect distance education. Hence an interdisciplinary and integrated approach is very necessary to ensure the successful development of Nigeria’s economy and society (Mac-Ikemenjima, 2005).

Situating Dynamic Capabilities

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Grant ◽  
Anjali Bakhru
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Dynamic Capability ◽  
Effect Change ◽  
Distinct Category ◽  
Hierarchical Structuring ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Systemic Nature

Our understanding of dynamic capability has been impeded by lack of consensus over definition and limited empirical investigation. To better understand the nature and role of dynamic capabilities and to guide empirical research into their antecedents and consequences, we emphasize the systemic nature of capabilities. We propose capability architecture as a framework to describe and analyze firms’ capability systems in preference to the hierarchical capability structures presented in the dynamic capabilities literature. Our framework allows us to investigate not only the hierarchical structuring of capabilities but also their linkages to managerial cognition, organizational processes, and organizational structure. Within this framework, dynamic capability—a firm’s “capacity to alter how it makes its living”—emerges not only from the existence of a distinct category of “dynamic” capabilities whose explicit role is to effect change, but also from the flexibility of “ordinary” capabilities and from system-wide changes in the overall capability architecture. This integrated approach to organizational capabilities has the potential to overcome the fruitless debate over delineating dynamic from ordinary capabilities and to foster a closer linkage between conceptual and empirical research into dynamic capability.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Study of the Structural Components of the Skin: From Routine Methods to Modern Microscopy Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-219
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mishina ◽  
Mariya Zatolokina ◽  
Marina Gorbunova ◽  
Alexander Alekseev ◽  
Elena Chernomortseva
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Background: Modern methods of microscopy expand our capabilities to detail objects and move to the study of native tissue. The varieties of laser microscopy, which are becoming more and more popular, have broad prospects in the study of morphological properties, combining high resolution and minimal exposure to aggressive media during sample preparation. However, in the scientific literature, the aspects of the structure of individual structural components of the skin or morphofunctional changes in various pathological conditions are not well covered. In this regard, the purpose of our study was a multilevel analysis of structural components using both classical and modern morphological methods. Methods and Results: The material for this study was skin fragments obtained from laboratory male Wistar rats. The study of the structural components was carried out by the methods of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and laser scanning microscopy. The results of our study indicate that the most effective way to obtain complete information is an integrated approach to the study of tissue morphology, where the researcher requires deep knowledge and the use of not only modern methods, but also the possibility of combining them with existing classical methods.

scholarly journals Research activity in the structure of the future doctor’s psychological readiness to the profession

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
E. A. Zakharova ◽  
T. M. Sorokina ◽  
E. A. Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Medical Activity ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Medical University

Introduction: modernization of Russian education is the central task of Russian educational policy. One of its distinctive features is the transition from the teaching and educational to the scientific and educational process, which allows the introduction of students' research work into it. A feature of the work of a practicing physician is the ability to analyze his own activities from a scientific point of view, knowledge and ability to work with methods of clinical research. Based on this, changes were made to the legislation, and in accordance with the Federal Standards2016 in the specialty of “Medicine”, a graduate who has mastered the program in his specialty should have professional competences that, along with competences in the field of medical activity, include competencies in research activities. Also, in accordance with the Federal Law of 21.11.2011 No. 323-FZ “Concerning the Basics of Citizen Health Protection in the Russian Federation”, a new system of continuous medical and pharmaceutical education was introduced, being aimed at continuous improvement of professional knowledge and skills throughout the entire working period of medical workers as well as the acquisition in practice of new professional skills.Psychological readiness of students for professional activity is a question that has been discussed by the scientific community for quite a long period of time. The structure of this construct has also been repeatedly discussed by many authors, but there is no consensus on this issue. The article presents the points of views of various scientists on the problem of readiness for research activities. The structure is proposed, which is a synthesis of several components: motivational, operational, and reflexive-evaluative ones. Many scientists studied this issue both Russian and foreign ones (L.S. Vygotsky, E.P. Ilyin, A.N. Leontyev, A.N. Poddyakov, E.A. Shashenkova, Zier K. Rosenberg I.E., Dantas J.B., Ley T.J., Rosenberg I.E., Solomon S.S., Tom S.C. et al.) Special attention is paid to the motivational component of psychological readiness for the research activities of future doctors. The problem of the necessity to develop this component is being actualized.Materials and methods: 76 students of the 1st course of the medical and pediatric faculties of thePrivolzhskyResearchMedicalUniversity were randomly selected for this study. The study was carried out in 3 stages: diagnostic, training, final diagnostic. At the initial and final stages 2 diagnostic procedures were used. The first one is the methodics for diagnosing the motives of students' learning activities according to A.A. Rean and V.A. Yakunin modified by N.Ts. Badmaeva. In this method, there are seven grading scales: scale 1 "Communicative motives"; scale 2 “Motives for avoiding failure”; scale 3 "Motives of prestige"; scale 4 "Professional motives"; scale 5 "Motives for creative self-realization"; scale 6 "Educational and cognitive motives"; scale 7 "Social motives". 2) Methods of studying the motivation of learning in the university by T.I. Ilyin ". The method presents three scales: “the acquisition of knowledge” (the desire to acquire knowledge, curiosity); “Mastering a profession” (striving to master professional knowledge and form professionally important qualities); "Obtaining a diploma" (the desire to acquire a diploma in the formal assimilation of knowledge, the desire to find workarounds for exams and tests).The results of the study: statistical results before and after the training in the framework of English language classes at the medical university demonstrate changes in the motivational field of students.Discussion and conclusions: the implementation of a collective training program in foreign language classes with the aim of the motivational component development to research activities of students at a medical university can be considered as an effective tool for the development of psychological readiness for further professional medical activity. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to solving this problem.

scholarly journals MODEL OF STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF PERSONAL MEANINGS

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. Baryakhtar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Personal Meaning ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Personal Meanings ◽  
Personality Integration ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

The study focuses on the model of structural components of personalmeaning and is based on the spatial organization of human life. The article describes the components of the semantic sphere in all the  conceptual diversity of psychological approaches to the  phenomenology of the process in question. The author analyzes  theoretical and methodological orientation of modern psychology at  the personal potential of semantic entities as a condition for  integrated wholesome personality. One’s personality is represented  by the subject and, at the same time, by the object of one’s own life. Personal meaning is defined as a complex system formation, which  includes cognitive (life views, ideals, values, beliefs, and interests),  emotive (emotional and evaluative attitude to oneself and to others)  and cognitive (behavior, interpersonal interaction, focus and behavior in different social conditions) components. The process of meaning  integration is accompanied by harmonization and unification of the  structural components in a coherent system, i.e. the system of  personal meanings. The system as a whole acquires new qualities,  not present in the individual components, the personal meaning  being the apex of personality integration. Components of the proposed model structurally reflect the methodological potential  of the concept of personal meaning. The research aims at creating  an integrated approach to the study of the semantic determination of personality. 

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