scholarly journals الدّيمقراطيّة الرّوحيّة: مراجعة لمقالة "الاجتهاد" عند محمّد إقبال

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (84) ◽  
pp. 119-95
Author(s):  
رضا حمدي
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of

تبحث هذه الورقة في دعوة محمّد إقبال إلى إعادة الاعتبار لمبدأ الحركة في الفكر الإسلامي، بوصفه مبدأ قرآنيّاً أساسيّاً. ويعدّ الاجتهاد التجسيد الفعلي لمبدأ الحركة في مجال التفكير الفقهي. وقد لاحظ إقبال، في استعراضه لصفحات من تاريخ مفهوم الاجتهاد، أنّه كان الأداة المثلى لتجديد الفكر التشريعي الإسلامي. ويقتضي إحياء العمل بالاجتهاد اليوم إعادة النظر في مبادئ أصول الفقه وفروعه. وقد أدّاه النظر في فروع الأحكام الفقهية إلى الكشف عن ممكنات التجديد فيها، خاصّة في الجانبين السياسي والاجتماعي، وذهب في مراجعة الأصول إلى إبراز ما فيها من مرونة عالية، تؤهّلها لاستيعاب القضايا التي يواجهها المسلمون المعاصرون، والاجتهاد وحده كفيل بتحرير هذه الطاقات الإبداعية، لا لتجديد الفكر الإسلامي فحسب، بل لمعالجة أدواء الحضارة المعاصرة كذلك. This paper examines Muhammad Iqbal call to re-consider the principle of dynamics in Islamic thought, as a fundamental principle of Qur'an. Ijtihad is the actual embodiment of dynamism in the field of jurisprudent thinking. In his review of the history of ijtihad concept, Iqbal demonstrates that it was the perfect tool for the renewal of Islamic legislative thought. Furthermore, ijtihad revival the present requires a review of the principles of jurisprudence and its branches. Iqbal's review into these principles lead him to detect their renewal possibilities, especially in political and social aspects. Accordingly, he highlights the flexibility of these principles to cope with modern issues that Muslims face, and proclaims that Ijtihad alone guarantees to release the creative potentials, not only to renew Islamic thought, but also to address modern civilization problems as well.

Toward an Islamic Framework for Worldview Studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-43
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Berghout
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Field Of Inquiry ◽  
Muslim Scholars

The paper examines the importance of designing a framework for studying worldviews within the parameters of contemporary Islamic thought. It briefly reviews both selected western and Islamic stances on worldview studies. The literature reveals that research on this topic and its application to different spheres has become a topic of some interest to many intellectual circles, particularly in the western context. Hence, the possibility of forming an Islamic civilizational framework for an inquiry into people’s worldviews needs to be assessed. This article follows a textual analysis and inductive approach to analyze the prospects of formulating an Islamic framework for research on worldviews and its applications. It concludes that western scholars have made considerable efforts in treating people’s worldviews as a field of study, while Muslim scholars have not. In this respect, many western researchers have contributed to developing worldview studies as a separate field of inquiry, including the history of concept, subject matter, objectives, kinds, methods, and applications. Therefore, the need to enhance the Islamic input and research pertaining to this field by introducing an Islamic civilizational framework and approach of inquiry becomes apparent.

Health and Medicine in the Islamic Tradition

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Dennis Michael Warren
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The late Dr. Fazlur Rahman, Harold H. Swift Distinguished Service Professor of Islamic Thought at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, has written this book as number seven in the series on Health/Medicine and the Faith Traditions. This series has been sponsored as an interfaith program by The Park Ridge Center, an Institute for the study of health, faith, and ethics. Professor Rahman has stated that his study is "an attempt to portray the relationship of Islam as a system of faith and as a tradition to human health and health care: What value does Islam attach to human well-being-spiritual, mental, and physical-and what inspiration has it given Muslims to realize that value?" (xiii). Although he makes it quite clear that he has not attempted to write a history of medicine in Islam, readers will find considerable depth in his treatment of the historical development of medicine under the influence of Islamic traditions. The book begins with a general historical introduction to Islam, meant primarily for readers with limited background and understanding of Islam. Following the introduction are six chapters devoted to the concepts of wellness and illness in Islamic thought, the religious valuation of medicine in Islam, an overview of Prophetic Medicine, Islamic approaches to medical care and medical ethics, and the relationship of the concepts of birth, contraception, abortion, sexuality, and death to well-being in Islamic culture. The basis for Dr. Rahman's study rests on the explication of the concepts of well-being, illness, suffering, and destiny in the Islamic worldview. He describes Islam as a system of faith with strong traditions linking that faith with concepts of human health and systems for providing health care. He explains the value which Islam attaches to human spiritual, mental, and physical well-being. Aspects of spiritual medicine in the Islamic tradition are explained. The dietary Jaws and other orthodox restrictions are described as part of Prophetic Medicine. The religious valuation of medicine based on the Hadith is compared and contrasted with that found in the scientific medical tradition. The history of institutionalized medical care in the Islamic World is traced to awqaf, pious endowments used to support health services, hospices, mosques, and educational institutions. Dr. Rahman then describes the ...

The Property Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
First Century ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Symbolic Thought ◽  
Core Property ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

What is property, and why does our species happen to have it? The Property Species explores how Homo sapiens acquires, perceives, and knows the custom of property, and why it might be relevant for understanding how property works in the twenty-first century. Arguing from some hard-to-dispute facts that neither the natural sciences nor the humanities—nor the social sciences squarely in the middle—are synthesizing a full account of property, this book offers a cross-disciplinary compromise that is sure to be controversial: All human beings and only human beings have property in things, and at its core, property rests on custom, not rights. Such an alternative to conventional thinking contends that the origins of property lie not in food, mates, territory, or land, but in the very human act of creating, with symbolic thought, something new that did not previously exist. Integrating cognitive linguistics with the philosophy of property and a fresh look at property disputes in the common law, this book makes the case that symbolic-thinking humans locate the meaning of property within a thing. The provocative implications are that property—not property rights—is an inherent fundamental principle of economics, and that legal realists and the bundle-of-sticks metaphor are wrong about the facts regarding property. Written by an economist who marvels at the natural history of humankind, the book is essential reading for experts and any reader who has wondered why people claim things as “Mine!,” and what that means for our humanity.

Quantum Narratives and the Power of Rhetorical Omission

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-55
Author(s):  
José G. Perillán
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
Physics Community ◽  
Pilot Wave ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quantum Interpretation ◽  
History Of Quantum Theory ◽  
Pedagogical Discourses

John S. Bell openly questioned the dominance of an orthodox quantum interpretation that had seemingly raised the principle of indeterminism from an epistemological question to an ontological truth in the late 1920s. He understood the inevitability of indeterminism to be a theoretical choice made by the founding architects of quantum theory, not a fundamental principle of reality necessitated by experimental facts. As a result, Bell decried the general lull in quantum interpretation debates within the physics community, and in particular, the complete omission of Louis de Broglie’s deterministic pilot wave interpretation from all theoretical and pedagogical discourses. This paper reexamines the pilot wave’s rise, abandonment, and subsequent omission in the history of quantum theory. What emerges is not a straightforward story of victimization and hegemonic marginalization. Instead, it is a story that grapples with tensions between the polyphony of individual voices and a physics community’s evolving identity and consensus in response to particular sociopolitical and scientific contexts. At the heart of these tensions sits an international scientific community transitioning from a politically fractured and intellectually divergent community to one embracing a somewhat forced pragmatic convergence around rationally reconstructed narratives and concepts like the impossibility of determinism. The story of the pilot wave’s omission gives us a window into the inherent power that theoretical choice and a congealing rhetoric of orthodoxy have on a scientific community’s consensus, pedagogical canons, and the future development of science itself.

scholarly journals Eduards Volters and the Institutionalization of Book Science in the Early 20th Century

Knygotyra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 230-263
Author(s):  
Aušra Navickienė
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
European Region ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Eduardas Volteris (1856‒1941) is one of the first book theorists in the Eastern European region and developer of the most important memory and higher education institutions of independent Lithuania. This article analyzes the early 20th c. phenomenon of the institutionalization of book science. It attempts to answer the question of how Eduardas Volteris contributed to establishing the very first Eastern European societies of book researchers, to consolidating the sciences of bibliography, bibliology and book science within the realm of academia, and to professionalising of book scholarship. The sources for examination of the social aspects of book science are: documents belonging to the Russian Society of Bibliology, which was active in St. Petersburg in 1899–1931, materials in scholarly serial publications on book science of the early 20th c., theoretical papers published by E. Volteris, and the results of the historical studies on the history of European book science.

scholarly journals Feminist Hermeneutics in Islam: its History and Major Ideas

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-526
Author(s):  
D. V. Mukhetdinov
Keyword(s):  
Critical Approach ◽  
Islamic Ethics ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spiritual Tradition ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Feminist Hermeneutics

The article deals with the history of development and basic ideas of Islamic feminist hermeneutics. In order to understand tendencies of development of the modern Islamic thought, it is important as well to study feminist ideas in their complexity. The author argues that feminist hermeneutics in Islam represents a set of approaches towards the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an, the Hadith and secondary sources of Islamic spiritual tradition. In the typological perspective, it is close to the so-called “Standpoint feminism”. The author singles out seven basic features to Islamic feminist hermeneutics, which are the religious frame of mind, following the principles of Islamic ethics, the use of so-called “contextual ijtihad”, accepting the egalitarist values, the critical approach to tradition, the critical approach towards the Hadith, use of the new methodology, which has its roots in the heritage of Neomodernist school of thought.

scholarly journals Гермотим из Клазомен и начало афинской философии

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
О.А. Матвейчев
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Classical Greek Philosophy ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Greek World

Гермотим из Клазомен – фигура в истории греческой философии, можно сказать, маргинальная. В современной литературе он появляется разве что в ряду других колдунов и мистиков VII–VI вв. до н.э. В таком статусе он включается и в собрание Дильса. Анализируя сведения о Гермотиме, автор ставит перед собой цель найти ему место среди малоазийских философов первой величины, которых считают основателями греческой философии. Различение духа (души) и материи (тела) станет основополагающим принципом греческой философии, понятие Ума (нуса) выступит фундаментом для системы Анаксагора, первого афинского философа, с которого, собственно, и начнется история классической греческой философии. Автор разделяет точку зрения Э. Доддса и др., что появление нового для Греции представления о различии души и тела коренится в северной (гиперборейской?) ментальности, привнесенной в греческий мир во времена колонизации VII–VI вв. до н.э., а возможно – и в более ранние. Ключевые слова: история философии, Древняя Греция, Гиперборея, Гермотим из Клазомен, Анаксагор, шаманизм, нус, душа, тело Hermotimus of Clazomenae can be called a marginal figure in the history of Greek philosophy. In modern literature he is mentioned only among other sorcerers and mystics of the VIIth–VIth centuries BC. The collection of Hermann Diels describes him in the same manner. Analyzing available information about Hermotimus, the author makes an attempt to place him among the primary Anatolian philosophers who are considered the founders of Greek philosophy. The distinction between spirit (soul) and matter (body) will become the fundamental principle of Greek philosophy; the concept of Nous (cosmic Mind) will be the foundation for the system of Anaxagoras, the first Athenian philosopher, from which, in fact, the history of classical Greek philosophy begins. The author shares the point of view of E. Dodds and others that the emergence of a new concept about the difference between soul and body in Greece is rooted in the northern (Hyperborean?) mentality introduced into the Greek world during the colonization of the VIIth–VIth centuries BC or possibly in earlier times. Keywords: history of philosophy, Ancient Greece, Hyperborea, Hermotimus of Clazomenae, Anaxagoras, shamanism, nous, soul, body

scholarly journals Historical Comparison of Sovereignty in International Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 128-157
Author(s):  
Louise Kazemi Shariat Panahi
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Historical Comparison ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Article ◽  
History Of International Law ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
United Nation

The current article aims to study on the concept of sovereignty in international law. To this end, sovereignty is historically examined and compared in different legal doctrines. In fact, there is a verity of legal theories on the formulation and conceptualization of sovereignty. The dominant perspective of the contemporary legal doctrines sees sovereignty as wornout and outdated concept which belongs to classical legal doctrines. This article argues such accounts and shows how the concept of sovereignty survived through historically legal developments and has still been influential in the sphere of international law. Although the main legal events comprising Westphalian truce, world wars, the foundation of United Nation organization and so on have changed the nature and content of sovereignty in the history of international law, it has remained as a fundamental principle of international law. The lack of correct understanding of this concept can reinforce the obstacles for legal modeling and doctrines. So, through such a historical comparison, the research elaborates the reconceptualization process in the concept of sovereignty and elucidates how sovereignty means in the contemporary international law and how this concept defined by the modern legal doctrine influences international law and globally affects the legal order among states. Discussing the different legal doctrines on the concept of sovereignty in different historical periods, the article reveals the present considerations on sovereignty in contemporary international law.

scholarly journals Recapturing the Meaning of Akhlāq Islāmiyyah: An Analysis of the Article “Akhlak” in the Encyclopedia of Islam

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Amilah binti Awang Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Ethical Thought ◽  
Practical Ethics ◽  
Key Words Ethics ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of

Abstract This paper will analytically study the Islamic meaning of akhlaq as portrayed by two Western writers in the article entitled “Akhlak” published in the Encyclopedia of Islam. The author highlights the contribution of Western scholars especially Walzer and Gibb to the understanding of history of the development of Islamic thought and disciplines. By employing the qualitative methodology, the author uses textual analysis and comparative method on the writings of both thinkers and others.  Findings indicate that there are several weaknesses in the writing that include limiting the scope of akhlaq to practical ethics of selected virtues, the lacking of clear detachment between akhlaq and ethical thought, and others.  Key words: Ethics, Akhlaq, Philosophy, Islam, Encyclopedia of Islam.

scholarly journals SOCIAL ASPECTS OF ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
Olga Semenyuk ◽  
Rakhima Chekaeva ◽  
Farid Chekaev
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Methodical Basis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Architectural Development

At the present stage, questions of social infrastructure development in connection with history of settling and shaping of Kazakhstan, national traditions, and characteristics have not been answered. The need for a full-fledged social infrastructure in tandem with the requirements of efficiency increase associated with the utilization of territories, with regard to rational environmental management and load reduction on natural economic activity, is not supported by any standard or methodical basis. The change in geopolitical situation causes the need for a radical modernization in social infrastructure of urban spaces by taking into account the scale of the international relations of sovereign Kazakhstan.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document