scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON A PLOW WITH A DISK DISINTEGRATOR

2021 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Gennadii Golub ◽  
Oleh Marus ◽  
Dmytro Skorobogatov ◽  
Yaroslav Yarosh ◽  
Natalja Karpiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Approach Angle

Studies were conducted on the operation of a plow with a disk disintegrator in a unit with an MTZ-82 tractor on black soil with a flat relief on soybean stubble with the amount of plant residues from 300 to 400 g/m2. During the research, the following parameters were changed: the disk approach angle, the disk section installation height, and the tractor speed. As a result of the study, it was found that at the speed of a plow with a disk disintegrator from 4 to 5 km/h, the depth of plant residues embedding is maximum and ranges from 15 to 19 cm, while fuel consumption becomes minimal in the range from 18 to 30 kg/ha.

DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

scholarly journals ORGANIC CARBON DYNAMICS IN GRASSLAND SOILS. 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SIMULATION

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. VAN VEEN ◽  
E. A. PAUL
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Soil Biomass ◽  
The World

The decomposition rates of 14C-labelled plant residues in different parts of the world were characterized and mathematically simulated. The easily decomposable materials, cellulose and hemicellulose, were described as being decomposed directly by the soil biomass; the lignin fraction of aboveground residues and the resistant portion of the roots entered a decomposable native soil organic matter. Here it could be decomposed by the soil biomass or react with other soil constituents in the formation of more recalcitrant soil organic matter. The transformation rates were considered to be independent of biomass size (first–order). Data from 14C plant residue incorporation studies which yielded net decomposition rates of added materials and from carbon dating of the recalcitrant soil organic matter were transformed to gross decomposition rate constants for three soil depths. The model adequately described soil organic matter transformations under native grassland and the effect of cultivation on organic matter levels. Correction for microbial growth and moisture and temperature variations showed that the rate of wheat straw decomposition, based on a full year in the field in southern Saskatchewan, was 0.05 that under optimal laboratory conditions. The relative decay rates for plant residues during the summer months of the North American Great Plains was 0.1 times that of the laboratory. Comparison with data from other parts of the world showed an annual relative rate of 0.12 for straw decomposition in England, whereas gross decomposition rates in Nigeria were 0.5 those of laboratory rates. Both the decomposable and recalcitrant organic matter were found to be affected by the extent of physical protection within the soil. The extent of protection was simulated and compared to data from experimental studies on the persistence of 14C-labelled amino acids in soil. The extent of protection influenced the steady-state levels of soil carbon upon cultivation more than did the original decomposition rates of the plant residues.

scholarly journals Soil Bio-Impact Effectiveness for the Optimal Multicriterial Environmental Sustainability in Crop Production

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Vilma Naujokienė ◽  
Daiva Rimkuvienė ◽  
Egidijus Šarauskis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Soil Stability ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Multicriteria Assessment

Different bio-impacts affect the various properties and composition of soil, plant residues, harvests, and technological processes, as well as the interactions between different parts of the soil, working machine tools, energy consumption and environmental pollution with harmful gases. To summarize the wide-coverage investigations of various aspects of different bio-impact parameters, a multicriteria evaluation was conducted. Experimental research shows that different bioeffects such as those of agricultural practices can be oriented towards a reduction in fuel consumption, followed by reductions in CO2 emissions from machinery and changes in soil properties, dynamics of composition, yield and other parameters. A multicriteria assessment of the essential parameters would give farmers new opportunities to choose one optimal decision for reducing fuel consumption and increasing agricultural production, thereby reducing the negative environmental impact of soil cultivation processes, increasing yields and improving soil. Of all the properties investigated, from a practical point of view, the selection of the most important of all the essential links, such as reducing energy and expenditure, reducing environmental pollution, improving soil, and increasing yields and productivity, is reasonable. The evaluation of the bio-impact effects in agriculture by accounting for many criteria from several aspects was the main objective of the multicriteria assessment using the analytic hierarchy process. Based on the results of a multivariable research of fuel consumption—C1, C2, yield—C3, CO2 from soil—C4, density—C5, total porosity—C6, humus—C7, soil stability—C8, and soil moisture content—C9, the evaluation used experimental research data and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) mathematical method to find the best-case scenario. Multicriteria effectiveness was most pronounced after the first and third soil bio-impacts by using a solution of essential oils of plants, 40 species of various herbs extracts, marine algae extracts, mineral oils, Azospirillum sp. (N), Frateuria aurentia (K), Bacillus megaterium (P), seaweed extract. The most important goal was to achieve the best soil bio-impact effectiveness—minimized energy consumption from ploughing and disc harrowing operations, parallelly minimized harmful emissions from agricultural machinery, minimized CO2 from soil, soil density, maximized soil total porosity, soil humus, soil stability, yield and optimized soil moisture.

scholarly journals Impact of foliar fertilizing on the white mustard productivity in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukaraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
A.V. Melnyk ◽  
S.V. Zherdetska ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Gulam Shabir ◽  
S.O. Butenko
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Production Complex ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Training Research

The experimental studies were carried out on the fields of the Sumy NAU Training Research and Production Complex (TRPC) during 2016–2018.The soil of the experimental plot is typical deep-medium humus, large-dusty and medium-loam black soil on forest trees. The subject of the research was a white mustard variety of Oslava created at the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of the Podillya NAASU, entered in the Register of varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine in 2010. The aim of the research is to optimize the nutrition of the white mustard variety of Oslava through the complex application of mineral fertilizers and foliar fertilization under the conditions of the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine. The analysis of weather conditions, in particular the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov (HTC), established that 2016 season was wet (HTC = 1.60), 2017 and 2018 were dry (HTC = 0.59 and 0.46). During the research, the cultivation technology was generally accepted in the experimental area, except for the elements studied. The results of the three-year study on the influence of foliar fertilizing under different mineral nutrition backgrounds on the yield of the white mustard variety Oslava are presented. It was found that the application of mineral fertilizers and complex fertilizers for the foliar feeding had a positive effect on the morphometric parameters of the white mustard, in particular, increased the plant height and the number of branches of the first order. The use of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N30P30K30 provided an increase in the yield by 0.34 t/ha, N60P60K60 – by 0.55 t/ha, N90P90K90 – by 0.61 t/ha on an average compared to the control. Therefore, for the maximum yield (2.14–2.21 t/ha) with a mass of 1000 seeds (5.39–5.54 g) of the white mustard under the conditions of the Northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, foliar fertilizing of Vuxal boron (3.0 l/ha) + Vuxal bioaminoplant 3.0 l/ha) and Spectrum B + Mo (2.0 l/ha) + Spectrum Ascorist (3.0 l/ha) should be applied on the background of N60-90P60-90K60-90, what provided an increase in the yield compared to the control of 0.58-0.65 t/ha.

scholarly journals Equipments to manage soil and irrigated rice straw for the sequential sowing of soybean in tropical floodplains1

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Geraldo da Silva ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Pedro Marques da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Soil Surface Roughness ◽  
Energetic Performance

ABSTRACT The presence of straw hinders the sowing of soybean cultivated in succession to rice, in areas irrigated by flooding. This study aimed to evaluate the combination of different configurations of a rice harvester and subsequent activities in the operational and energetic demand of rice straw management and in the soil surface roughness, in order to cultivate soybean in succession. Three independent experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, as well as evaluated the fuel consumption, effective operating speed, working capacity and final surface roughness of the ground. The energy costs of harvesting rice do not increase when the automated harvester operates with a spreader to distribute the straw on the ground and to avoid the formation of furrows. The presence of rice plant residues in the field increases the skidding of the tractor when pulling the knife-roller, with a consequent reduction of the operating speed, but this does not affect the operational capacity and the fuel consumption. The increase in the number of light harrowings, from one to two operations, in areas worked with knife-roller or intermediate harrow, requires more time and fuel in the management of the soil and rice straw, but leaves the ground with less surface roughness. The management system with knife-roller operation and two light harrowings is the most appropriate method to prepare the soil for soybean cultivation after rice, because it provides the best combination of technical and energetic performance.

scholarly journals A New Spiral Potato Cleaner to Enhance the Removal of Impurities and Soil Clods in Potato Harvesting

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9788
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bulgakov ◽  
Simone Pascuzzi ◽  
Semjons Ivanovs ◽  
Zinoviy Ruzhylo ◽  
Ivan Fedosiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Removal Of Impurities ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Sustainability in the agricultural field suggests the conservation and maintenance of a natural environment of soil. Nevertheless, in the potato production chain, the mechanized harvest is carried out with the concurring removal of impurities and fertile soil. The authors have developed a new spiral potato cleaner which is able to capture and efficiently remove soil lumps of various sizes and shapes, as well as various plant residues. Theoretical and experimental studies have been performed on this soil clod cleaner to determine the structural and kinematic parameters that provide efficient capturing, motion and sifting down of the soil, through the gaps between the helices of its cleaning spirals. An analytical description of the motion of the clod of soil has been made and a system of differential equations has been compiled, whose numerical solution made it possible to determine the indicated reasonable operative parameters of the developed spiral potato cleaner. The results of the experimental research confirmed those ones obtained through the numerical solution of the mathematical model, i.e., rational angular speed ω of the rotation of the spirals from 20.0 to 30.0 rad s−1 and the radius R of spirals between 0.12 and 0.15 m.

INVESTIGATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF PETROL ICE UNDER OZONIZATION OF FAM COMPONENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
A. V. Gritsenko ◽  
◽  
K. V. Glemba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Loading Method ◽  
Crankshaft Rotation ◽  
And Control

Theoretical investigation with reasoning of petrol fuel combustion in the ambient and ozone medium was made. Methods of carrying out the experiment using the engine loading method due to application of power of mechanical losses of deactivated cylinders were worked out. Experimental studies envisage determination of influence of ozone additive into fuel air mix on the basic effective ICE performance, for this purpose cyclic fuel consumption parameter was used. After the analysis of ICE performance methods and control techniques, its condition was evaluated, for this purpose a compressor meter was used with preliminary pressurization of cylinders. During the experiment in order to load the engine its third and fourth cylinders were switched off. The results showed that the utmost fuel efficiency is found at crankshaft rotation values of 1450 and 3350 min-1, when cyclic fuel consumption rate has values of 1,35 and 1,27 mg/cycle respectively, which makes 7,4 and 7,0 % from identical indicators without ozonation of air mass at the same rotations. In general, the effect of fuel air mix ozonation makes it possible to develop target petrol-operated engine rotations at smaller fuel consumption rate, this way increasing its energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Influence of methods of basic tillage on the dynamics of productive moisture reserves in spring barley crops in the conditions of the northern Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-352
Author(s):  
O. I. Tsyliuryk ◽  
V. I. Chorna ◽  
L. M. Desyatnyk ◽  
V. I. Horshchar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Tillage System

The yield of spring barley significantly depends on the reserves of soil moisture, which ensures the implementation of all important life processes, including seed germination and rooting of seedlings, transpiration, thermoregulation and supply of nutrients to the plant. The productivity of spring barley is directly proportional to its moisture content. With sufficient soil moisture, favorable conditions for the growth and development of field crops, and ultimately increases their yield. In the northern steppe, high productivity of spring barley, provided timely and full germination, is formed due to moisture reserves accumulated in the deep layers of the soil during the autumn-winter period of the year. The purpose of the study was to study the influence of the methods of basic tillage on the accumulation and dynamics of soil moisture in spring barley crops and the level of its yield. Experimental studies were performed during 2004–2015 in a stationary field experiment at the Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The presence of wavy nanorelief during chiselling, as well as plant remains on the ridges contributed to a significant reduction in wind speed in the aboveground layer. Snowfall was concentrated in the depressions and was reliably protected from blowing. Due to this, the height of the snow cover here, according to our data, was the highest and amounted to – 14.3 cm, and as a result faster thawing of the soil and better accumulation of water. At the same time, the intensity of wet accumulation during the autumn-winter period when treated with chisel tools outweighed the options of shelf plowing by an average of 17.9 mm, and disking – 9.2 mm. The increased assimilation of cold precipitation during chiselling can also be associated with strip loosening of the soil in the furrows, which is typical for chisel units. It is established that in the northern steppe the use of canning (chisel) with a differentiated tillage system for spring barley increases the accumulation of moisture by 91.0–179.0 m2/ha in the autumn-winter period due to plant residues that retain more snow, especially in warm snowless winters. It is proved that the use of a fine mulching system of tillage, despite the reduction of grain yield, contributes to a more economical consumption of moisture per unit of crop in 1.1–1.2 times when growing spring barley. It was found that the use of annual shelf and differentiated tillage on average over the years of research provides the maximum level of yield, and the minimization of tillage in most years led to its reduction by 0.22–0.55 t/ha. The use of chiseling in a differentiated tillage system is most effective in dry years and even outweighs plowing due to the greater accumulation of productive moisture due to the presence of a significant portion of post-harvest residues of the predecessor that retain moisture under the mulch. Key words: spring barley, tillage, soil moisture, fertilizers, disking, yield.

scholarly journals Application of Technology for Combustion of Depleted Ionized Gas Fuel in an Electric Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 2096 (1) ◽  
pp. 012103
Author(s):  
N A Ermoshin ◽  
S A Romanchikov ◽  
V O Bayrak ◽  
Yu Yu Kashtanov
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Ionized Gas ◽  
Variable Electric Field ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Gas Fuel

Abstract A technology is proposed to improve the efficiency of heat devices operating on gas fuel. The technology is based on the use of a method of burning depleted ionized gas fuel in an electric field. Application of the method allows to reduce the formation of soot deposits and provides a more complete combustion of the gas. Increasing the efficiency of heating devices is achieved due to the formation of an electric field by including an ionizing radiation device in the structure of the gas stove. The energy of the ionizing radiation of the gas fuel provides the formation of Coulomb forces. Combustion intensifies, and convective heat exchange increases due to electroconvection. The design of the ionizing radiation device includes electrodes located at a distance from each other. Power is supplied from a voltage source. The electrodes are fixed using porcelain ring insulators. The proposed design solutions provide not only a decrease in gas fuel consumption, but also an increase in the flame temperature and the power of thermal radiation not only in the visible, infrared and ultraviolet ranges. Additional electrolysis of the fuel mixture, and the acceleration of its combustion rate is achieved due to ionization. The results of experimental studies to determine the parameters of the combustion processes of gas fuel (isobutane (CH3-CH(CH3)-CH3) – 72 %, butane (CH3-CH2– CH2-CH3) – 22 %, propane (C3H8) – 6 %) are presented. It was found that with a variable electric field strength for gas ionization, an increase in the temperature of the frying bed by 39%, heat transfer by 2 times, a decrease in carbon oxides by 31–36%, and a decrease in gas fuel consumption by 26% are achieved.

scholarly journals REDUCTION OF THE CAR ENGINE WARMING TIME WHEN USING AN ADDITIONAL HEAT SOURCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Gutarevych Y ◽  
◽  
Kukhtyk N ◽  
Kukhtyk V ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Additional Heat ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Air Intake

The article presents the results of additional experimental studies about the effect of heat supply to the intake air on the parameters and characteristics of the process of warming up the engine of a car. The aim of the work is to accelerate the car engine warming after starting at low temperatures. The research method is an experimental determination of the characteristics of active idling and concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gases of the engine. The tests were performed when the car's engine was idling without heating the inlet air and with heating the inlet air through the air intake under the hood of the car and through the pipe in front of the intake manifold. Comparison of engine operation in active idling mode without heating the inlet air and with heating the air before inlet through the air intake, did not show significant differences. The long passage of preheated air through the air duct to the air filter, through the air filter and the air duct after the filter, causes cooling of the heated air and does not provide the efficiency of additional heat supply. For efficient use of additional heat supply, it is necessary to carry out this supply directly in front of the intake pipe. Most of the parameters that characterize the process of warming up the engine are obtained by direct measurement. Also, the dependences on which total indicators of economy and toxicity of the car were calculated are resulted in the article. According to the results of experimental studies, it is established that the operation of the car in low ambient temperatures leads to a deterioration of its fuel economy and environmental performance. For an internal combustion engine, with garage-free maintenance of the car in low ambient temperatures and with long periods of downtime, it is important to find and implement measures that allow, with minimal consumption of fuel and energy resources, to ensure warm-up of the cold engine. Additional heat supply to the inlet air provides rapid warming of the car engine to operating temperature, which provides a short period of preparation for the perception of the load. Intake air heating reduces fuel consumption during engine idling by an average of 4%. With additional heat supply, the concentrations of pollutants are being reduced, especially in the first 50 seconds of engine warm-up, and the total toxicity of the engine, determined by the two components (carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons) is being reduced by an average of 6%. KEY WORDS: ENGINE, HEAT, HEATING, FUEL CONSUMPTION, COOLANT TEMPERATURE, POLLUTANTS

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