scholarly journals MEDIEVAL UDMURTS AND VOLGA BULGARIA IN X - EARLY XIII CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-480
Author(s):  
Konstantin Aleksandrovich ч Konstantin Aleksandrovich Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Trade Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Silk Fabrics ◽  
Burial Grounds

The article deals with the problem of relations between two neighboring peoples - medieval Udmurts and Volga Bulgars in the 10 - early 13 centuries. The main material for the study was the archaeological materials presented at the present time by a significant number of studied archaeological objects - settlements and burial grounds. The author examines three stages of ethnocultural contacts: 1) X - the second half of the XI century; 2) the end of the XI - the middle of the XII century; 3) the second half of the XII - the beginning of the XIII century. At the beginning of the first stage, the degree of development of the material culture of both Bulgars and the Cheptsa population was at the same level, and the possibilities of development on the basis of raw materials in the Udmurt Cis-Urals were much higher. This situation persisted until the second half of the 10 century, when the Bulgar state began to actively develop the trade space to the north of its borders. Nevertheless, the Chepets population during this period was less exposed to the Bulgar trade expansion than the Mari, Mordovians and Murom, developing crafts and expanding ties with the Perm Urals. At the second stage, groups of settlers from the Volga Bulgaria appeared on Chepts, who influenced the development of high-tech industries and the emergence of new types of artifacts, for example, items of the Askiz type. By the end of the XII century. they have completely assimilated. In the same period, the connections of the Chepets population with the Perm Cis-Urals and Russian lands expanded. This situation continued at the third stage. At that time, mainly rare goods, for example, silk fabrics, were brought from the Volga Bulgaria. Thus, for three centuries, close ties of the medieval Udmurts with the Volga Bulgars remained, demonstrating special mechanisms of interaction in the changing conditions of the functioning of medieval ethnic groups in different models of cultural development.

scholarly journals THE SETTLEMENT MOLYUKHIV BUHOR IN THE WORKS OF D. YA. TELEGIN AND ACCORDING TO MODERN DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-357
Author(s):  
T. M. Neradenko
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
The North ◽  
Neolithic Age ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Research ◽  
Ethnocultural Community ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Historical Periods

The materials of Molyukhiv Buhor, obtained during excavations in 1955—1956 by V. M. Danylenko, were constantly used by D. Y. Telegin in his scientific works particularly in the monograph «Dnipro-Donetsk Culture. To the History of the Population of the Neolithic Epoch — Early Metal of the South of Eastern Europe» 1968; in the monograph «Seredni Stoh Culture of the Copper Age» in 1973; in the article «Cultural identity and dating of supine Eneolithic burials of the Steppe Dnieper» 1987; in the book «Neolithic Burial Grounds of the Mariupol Type» 1991; in the publication «Settlements of the Dnieper-Donetsk Ethnocultural Community of the Neolithic Era» 1998 (co-authored by O. M. Titova); in the book «Seredni Stoh and Novodanilivka cultures of the Eneolithic of the Azov-Pontic region: an archaeological-anthropological analysis of materials and catalog of sites» 2001 (co-authors A. L. Nechitaylo, I. D. Potekhina, Y. V. Panchenko). The conclusions of the scholar according to the first two monographs became the basis for the recognition of Molyukhiv Buhor as one of the outstanding sites of Ukraine in the Neo-Eneolithic Age. Since 1992 the archeological study of Molyukhiv Buhor has been carried out by the author who has discovered on the settlement the system of «moats» and «pillars», the remains of Neolithic dwellings, residential-economic complex of the late Neolithic age, the ancient burial ground with 6 different graveyards, 44 economic pits of different historical periods, etc. A diverse collection of archaeological materials, the total number of which is more than 103700 finds, is the ceramic complex, flint tools, stone tools, horn and bone products, copper products, and allows to describe fully and comprehensively the material culture of the inhabitants in the Neolithic and Eneolithic periods. Thus, new research allows us to clarify, supplement and expand our understanding of the material culture of the tribes of Dnieper-Donetsk and Seredni Stoh cultures, compare them with the research of D. Ya. Telegin 1960—1970 and note that many conclusions of the scholar of 50 years ago find their confirmation in new studies of Molyukhіv Buhor. Archaeological studies of the settlement are being continued. In recent years, they have focused on the excavation of a large residential and commercial complex in the north of the settlement.

scholarly journals BUDZHAK CULTURE OF THE NORTH-WEST PONTIC REGION: CONTACTS AND CONNECTIONS WITH CORDED WARE CULTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-59
Author(s):  
S. V. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
North West ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
North Western

The feature of historical and cultural development of the North-Western Pontic region at the end of the 4th—3rd millennium BC are the relations of its population with the bearers of foreign cultures. First of all it concerns the Budzhak culture which is the part of the Yamna cultural and historical area. The integration process in the Late Chalcolithic Age led to the formation the Budzhak culture of Yamna cultural and historical community based on local protobudzhak horizon. The most significant were the connections with Corded Ware culture, Globular amphorae culture, as well as with the cultures of the Carpatho-Danube. Contacts are manifested in two aspects — ceramics of the Budzhak culture (imports, imitations) and in the presence of Yamna culture burials (or with the features of it). They were found in different territories, in South-Eastern and Central Europe. The analysis of the material culture of Budzhak population suggests the establishment of contacts with the Corded Ware culture in the first half of the 3rd millennium BC. This allows us to reconstruct the possible ways along which the movements and contacts of different population groups took place. There has been no invasion of the steppe «Kurgan culture» into the west but trading colonization, based on was an exchange of natural resources — metals of Balkan-Carpathian area and salt from estuaries Northwestern Black Sea. The archaeological situation with the climatic fluctuations allowed the author to create the new model of correct cultural and historical processes in South-Eastern Europe in the 4th—3rd millennium BC, to evaluate both migration and trade colonization of new territories and adaptive capabilities of the ancient population of the North-Western Black Sea. The relations of Budzhak and Corded Ware cultures lasted for quite a while and were substantial in nature.

scholarly journals Małgorzata Daszkiewicz, Michael Meyer, Octavian Munteanu, Vasile Iarmulschi, Pottery found at the Horodca Mică and Ulmu Iron Age settlements – results of archaeoceramological analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-74
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
The North ◽  
North Part ◽  
Local Sound ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Radical Discontinuity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Burial Grounds

One of the major questions of the Pre-Roman Iron Age settlements in the East part of the Carpathians Region is the relationship between the Getic culture and the Poieneşti-Lukaşevka culture. There are any connections between the settlers of both cultures, or are we dealing with a demolition of the settlements and a complete resettlement by “immigrants” from the north part of Europe? The “getics” pottery in the settlements of the Poieneşti-Lukaşevka culture speaks against a radical discontinuity, the extensive restructuring of the settlement system, the new burial grounds and ceramic molds are used for a far-reaching resettlement. The following article assumes that the destruction of settlements and new immigration can be seen in a clearly evident change in ceramic technology and the associated supply of raw materials. It is assumed that extensive continuities in the production of ceramics require an undisturbed knowledge transfer between the actors, which cannot be the case in a complete new settlement. In particular, this can be traced back to archaeometric analyzes of ceramics, whereby local or non-local sound supply, leaning, sound processing and burning techniques have meaning.

scholarly journals PROCESS OF CIGARETTE DESIGNING INDUSTRY IN TONGA SUBSCRIPTION OF KESU 'REGENCY OF NORTH TORAJA

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Reski Rante Langngan ◽  
Thamrin Mappalahere ◽  
Yabu M. Yabu M.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Marketing Process ◽  
Inhibiting Factors ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Village ◽  
Wall Decoration ◽  
Simple Production

The problems of this research are; 1) The process of making wall decorations in the village of Tonga Kesu District 'North Toraja District? 2) Inhibiting and supporting factors in making wall decoration in Tonga Village Kesu District '. The type of this research is survey research that aims descriptive qualitative to describe the process of making carving wall hangings and supporting factors and inhibitors experienced by crafters. In this research, there are 2 groups of artisans in Tonga Village in the North and the South. The result shows that the technique of making wall decoration is done manually from the material processing process until the final step of manufacture by using the tools that have been provided. The first stage in making these wall decorations are: Measurement and cutting of wood, second stage of surface and wooden cuttings, third stage of surface painting and periphery, stage four painting with black paint, the sixth stage of pattern making, the seventh stage of engraving and stage next coloring carving and the last is finishing. 3) Supporting factors in the process of making wall decoration of wooden decoration are easy to obtain, the availability of labor, the availability of tools and additional materials and the existence of self-taught craftsmen. Inhibiting factors are lack of capital, high cost of raw materials, equipment that tends to be a very simple, production marketing process that is only traditional.

scholarly journals BUILD MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE BUILDINGS OF THE KING DANYLO ROMANOVYCH’S CASTLE IN THE CITY OF CHOLM

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-115
Author(s):  
L. Gazda ◽  
◽  
M. Bevz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Polish Academy ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The castle of King Daniel (Danylo -in Ukrainian) in the Cholm (today the city of Chełm in Poland) has survived to this day only in the form of archaeological remains of foundations and walls. A significant archaeological layer is formed here as a result of the decline and gradual degradation of the complex. He retained a large amount of construction substance, architectural details, artifacts of the real-life of medieval times. Of particular importance to us are archaeological materials that reveal the construction and architectural features of King Daniel's residences. These materials are unique because, unfortunately, we do not have any other monuments that would show the King's construction activity. The complexes of the High and Low castles in the cityof Lviv were wholly dismantled in the 19th century. In other towns laid down by King Daniel -in Kremenets, Danyliv, Dorohychyn, Kamianets, Bakota, Kalmius, studies from objective reasons are difficult or impossible. Archeological studies have been carried out in the Cholm by specialists of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences since 2010. The castle site is centrally located on the so-called High Hill -Wysoka Górka. The results of archaeological research give a unique opportunity to navigate the nature of the architecture and material culture of the court of Danylo Romanovych in the mid and second half of the 13th century. The obtained archaeological results are significant for modeling the architecture of the residence. Also, results allow identifying the buildings from the materials and construction technologies used. Materials obtained during archaeological excavations on Wysoka Górka in Cholm in the area of Daniel Romanovych’s 13th century residential-sacral complex have been subject to examination. They come in the forms of bricks and glazed tiles, as well as sizeable shapeless and purposeless accumulations indicating post-manufacturing remains. The materials are white, green and multi-coloured. They refer to Halytsian alabasters and green glauconite from Cholm which were originally used there (before the fire of 1256) –the fact mentioned in the Halych–Volhynia Chronicle. The white materials examination was performed. They were diagnosed by means of a SEM microscope and x-ray diffraction. Furthermore, a micro area chemical analysis was conducted by means of SEM microscope with EDS module. The conducted examination indicated that the materials in question were manufactured using other than ceramic technologies, but similar to the ones used to produce silicate materials nowadays. As raw materials chalk and biogenic silica obtained from horsetail were used. The petrification procedure was conducted in hydrothermal conditions. As a result of this alchemical experiment, a material structurally similar to marble or massive limestone was obtained. The successful production of the materials translated into the possibility of the implementation of the ideological assumptions of the structures constructed under the explicit influence of the style of the 12-14century Tuscan School.This publication prepared in the framework of theproject "Northern part of the princely residential complex in the Сhelm" ("Północna część książęcego zespołu rezydencjonalnego w Chełmie") under the number 2014/13 / B / HS3 / 04930, funded by the National Science and Research Center and realized by the Institute of Archelogy and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw under the promotion of prof. A.Buko.

scholarly journals The Chronology of the hillforts of Western Alania according to historical, archive and archaeological materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 11015
Author(s):  
Julia Treyman
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
Medieval Architecture ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Compositional Patterns

The article is dedicated to revealing historic stages of the development of medieval architecture of Western Alania; systematization of the existing scientific materials connected with the dating of the medieval architectonic and archaeologic legacy of the region; revealing the periodization with defining corresponding cultural and ethnical peculiarities of architecture, compositional patterns and marking the influence of cultural borrowings. During the conducted research we revealed three chronological periods of the development of the architecture of the North Caucasus. At the first stage in the VI-VII c. A. D. appear the first Alan settlements along the western Caucasian part of the Great Silk Way. At the second stage in the VII- first half of the X c. fortifications are built in hillforts; also at this period was formed the three-part planning schemed which followed the principle: a citadel, a fortress, a fortified settlement. At the third stage in the X-XII c. the development of hillfort is performed under the influence of Byzantine Christian topographic traditions.

scholarly journals NORWAY’s ARCTIC STRATEGY AND SECURITY ISSUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Valery Zhuravel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The North ◽  
The Face ◽  
Northern Territories

The article examines Norway’s Arctic strategy and the country’s policy in the field of defence and security. It is noted that Oslo, among the countries of the Arctic Council, is the leader in the development and further improvement of strategies in the Arctic, taking into account the peculiarities of the country and its northern territories. The country is implementing one of the most innovative economic strategies in the region, developing high-tech sectors of the economy, reducing its dependence on the export of hydrocarbon raw materials, improving the administrative-territorial division of the country in the interests of developing the northern provinces. Attention is paid to the development of the industrial sector of the economy, transport (primarily port) infrastructure, scientific and educational complexes, Arctic tourism and recreational business, migration policy and support of the indigenous population. The author pays special attention to Norway’s place in NATO, noting that the North of Norway is becoming one of Scandinavia’s most militarised regions. It is emphasised that this greatly hinders international cooperation with the closest neighbours, primarily with Russia. It is necessary to seek to improve relations between our countries, even in the face of the current friction at the interstate level in matters of security and severe contradictions in the area of the Spitsbergen archipelago.

High-tech methods for processing meat raw materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
M.G. Baryshev ◽  
A.A. Zaporizhzhya ◽  
G.I. Kasyanov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Tech

The Inherited Past of the Broch: On Antiquarian Discourse and Contemporary Archaeology

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW BAINES
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Contemporary Archaeology ◽  
The North

In reading archaeological texts, we expect to be engaged in a characteristically archaeological discourse, with a specific and recognisable structure and vocabulary. In evaluating the published work of 19th Century antiquarians, we will inevitably look for points of contact between their academic language and our own; success or failure in the identification of such points of contact may prompt us to recognise a nascent archaeology in some writings, while dismissing others as naïve or absurd. With this point in mind, this paper discusses the written and material legacies of three 19th Century antiquarians in the north of Scotland who worked on a particular monument type, the broch. The paper explores the degree to which each has been admitted as an influence on the development of the broch as a type. It then proceeds to compare this established typology with the author's experiences, in the field, of the sites it describes. In doing so, the paper addresses wider issues concerning the role of earlier forms of archaeological discourse in the development of present day archaeological classifications of, and of the problems of reconciling such classifications with our experiences of material culture.

ETHNIC CULTURE OF LAMUNKHINSKI EVENS AS A RESOURCE OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY OF YAKUTIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8(77)) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Sardaana Anatolievna Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Ethnic Tourism ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The North ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
The Village ◽  
Hunting And Fishing

When getting acquainted with the ethnic traditions of the peoples of Yakutia, special attention should be paid to the national culture of the evens as a small indigenous people of the North. Cultural and ethnographic features of Yakutia are one of the most important resources for the development of tourism. The main purpose of the work is to consider the potential of ethnic tourism on the example of the village of Sebyan-Kuel in the Кobyai district of Yakutia. The following specific ethnographic methods are used: the method of included observation and indepth interview. The result was that in this remote mountains of the Verkhoyansk ridge preserved the original culture of the local group Lamynkhinsky Evens, which is a unique, non-commodity, and, consequently, an inexhaustible resource for the economy, social and cultural development of the nasleg. In our opinion, the area of Lamynkhinsky nasleg can become one of the most popular tourist destinations due to its uniqueness in ethnic and extreme, ecological, hunting and fishing types of tourism.

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